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Mood A, Brooke P. Estimating global numbers of fishes caught from the wild annually from 2000 to 2019. Anim Welf 2024; 33:e6. [PMID: 38510420 PMCID: PMC10951671 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2024.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Finfishes are caught from the wild for food, feed (often in the form of fishmeal and oil) and bait. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), between 74 and 83 million tonnes (averaging 77 million tonnes) were caught annually in 2000-2019. Although fishes are now widely recognised as sentient beings, capture is still quantified as biomass rather than number of individuals (in contrast to wild-caught marine mammals and crocodiles; and farmed mammals and birds). Here, we estimate global numbers of wild-caught finfishes using FAO capture production (landing) tonnages (2000-2019 data) and estimates of mean individual weight at capture, based on internet-sourced capture and market weights. We estimate that between 1,100 and 2,200 billion (1.1-2.2 × 1012), or 1.1-2.2 trillion, wild finfishes were caught annually, on average, during 2000-2019. Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) comprised 28%, by estimate midpoint. Estimated numbers in 2019, totalling 980-1,900 billion, were lower due to reduced anchoveta landings, but still represented 87.5% of vertebrate numbers killed for food or feed, as obtained or estimated from FAO data. These figures exclude unrecorded capture such as illegal fishing, discards and ghost fishing. Estimated finfish numbers used for reduction to fishmeal and oil represented 56% of the total 2010 estimate (1,000-1,900 billion), by midpoint. It is recommended that the FAO reports fish capture numbers. The welfare of wild-caught fishes, which is generally very poor during and after capture, should be addressed as part of sustainable utilisation of aquatic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phil Brooke
- Fishcount.org.uk
- Compassion in World Farming International, River Court, Mill Lane, Godalming, GU7 1EZ, UK
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2
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Alfonso S, Mente E, Fiocchi E, Manfrin A, Dimitroglou A, Papaharisis L, Barkas D, Toomey L, Boscarato M, Losasso C, Peruzzo A, Stefani A, Zupa W, Spedicato MT, Nengas I, Lembo G, Carbonara P. Growth performance, gut microbiota composition, health and welfare of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed an environmentally and economically sustainable low marine protein diet in sea cages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21269. [PMID: 38042956 PMCID: PMC10693626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The large use of fish meal/fish oil in carnivorous fish feeds is the main concern regarding environmental sustainability of aquaculture. Here, we evaluated the effects of an innovative diet, designed to be (1) environmentally sustainable by lowering the marine protein content while being (2) cost effective by using sustainable alternative raw materials with acceptable cost and produced on an industrial scale, on growth performance, gut microbiota composition, health and welfare of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a key species of the Mediterranean marine aquaculture, reared in sea cages. Results show that the specific growth rate of fish fed the low marine protein diet was significantly lower than those fed conventional diet (0.67% vs 0.69%). Fatty acid profile of fillets from fish fed a low marine protein diet presented significant lower n-6 and higher n-3 content when compared to conventional ones. Then, a significant increase in the abundance of Vibrio and reduction of Photobacterium were found in the gut of fish fed with the low marine protein diet but effects on sea bass health needs further investigation. Finally, no major health and welfare alterations for fish fed the low marine protein diet were observed, combined with a potential slight benefit related to humoral immunity. Overall, these results suggest that despite the low marine protein diet moderately affects growth performance, it nevertheless may enhance environmental and economic sustainability of the sea bass aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Mente
- Laboratory of Ichthyology-Culture and Pathology of Aquatic Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleonora Fiocchi
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Amedeo Manfrin
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Arkadios Dimitroglou
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrobiology, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Barkas
- Department of Research and Development, AVRAMAR S.A., 19002, Paiania, Greece
| | | | - Marilena Boscarato
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Arianna Peruzzo
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Annalisa Stefani
- Laboratory Medicine Service, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Ioannis Nengas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
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Jones M, Alexander M, Lightbody S, Snellgrove D, Smith P, Bramhall S, Henriquez F, McLellan, Sloman K. Influence of social enrichment on transport stress in fish: a behavioural approach. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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4
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Lee CJ, Paull GC, Tyler CR. Improving zebrafish laboratory welfare and scientific research through understanding their natural history. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1038-1056. [PMID: 34983085 PMCID: PMC9303617 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Globally, millions of zebrafish (Danio rerio) are used for scientific laboratory experiments for which researchers have a duty of care, with legal obligations to consider their welfare. Considering the growing use of the zebrafish as a vertebrate model for addressing a diverse range of scientific questions, optimising their laboratory conditions is of major importance for both welfare and improving scientific research. However, most guidelines for the care and breeding of zebrafish for research are concerned primarily with maximising production and minimising costs and pay little attention to the effects on welfare of the environments in which the fish are maintained, or how those conditions affect their scientific research. Here we review the physical and social conditions in which laboratory zebrafish are kept, identifying and drawing attention to factors likely to affect their welfare and experimental science. We also identify a fundamental lack knowledge of how zebrafish interact with many biotic and abiotic features in their natural environment to support ways to optimise zebrafish health and well-being in the laboratory, and in turn the quality of scientific data produced. We advocate that the conditions under which zebrafish are maintained need to become a more integral part of research and that we understand more fully how they influence experimental outcome and in turn interpretations of the data generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole J. Lee
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope BuildingUniversity of ExeterStocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDU.K.
| | - Gregory C. Paull
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope BuildingUniversity of ExeterStocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDU.K.
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope BuildingUniversity of ExeterStocker RoadExeterEX4 4QDU.K.
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5
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Perry WB. Life in captivity: future research in physical enrichment for fish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:703. [PMID: 34542916 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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6
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Calibrating Accelerometer Tags with Oxygen Consumption Rate of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Their Use in Aquaculture Facility: A Case Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061496. [PMID: 34064216 PMCID: PMC8224291 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Measuring metabolic rates in free-swimming fish would provide valuable insights about the energetic costs of different life activities this is challenging to implement in the field due to the difficulty of performing such measurements. Thus, the calibration of acoustic transmitters with the oxygen consumption rate (MO2) could be promising to counter the limitations observed in the field. In this study, calibrations were performed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and a subsample of fish was implanted with such a transmitter and then followed under aquaculture conditions. The use of acoustic transmitters calibrated with MO2 appeared to be a promising tool to estimate energetic costs in free-swimming rainbow trout, and for welfare assessment in the aquaculture industry. Abstract Metabolic rates are linked to the energetic costs of different activities of an animal’s life. However, measuring the metabolic rate in free-swimming fish remains challenging due to the lack of possibilities to perform these direct measurements in the field. Thus, the calibration of acoustic transmitters with the oxygen consumption rate (MO2) could be promising to counter these limitations. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792; n = 40) were challenged in a critical swimming test (Ucrit) to (1) obtain insights about the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism throughout electromyograms; and (2) calibrate acoustic transmitters’ signal with the MO2 to be later used as a proxy of energetic costs. After this calibration, the fish (n = 12) were implanted with the transmitter and were followed during ~50 days in an aquaculture facility, as a case study, to evaluate the potential of such calibration. Accelerometer data gathered from tags over a long time period were converted to estimate the MO2. The MO2 values indicated that all fish were reared under conditions that did not impact their health and welfare. In addition, a diurnal pattern with higher MO2 was observed for the majority of implanted trout. In conclusion, this study provides (1) biological information about the muscular activation pattern of both red and white muscle; and (2) useful tools to estimate the energetic costs in free-ranging rainbow trout. The use of acoustic transmitters calibrated with MO2, as a proxy of energy expenditure, could be promising for welfare assessment in the aquaculture industry.
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7
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Yavuzcan Yildiz H, Chatzifotis S, Anastasiadis P, Parisi G, Papandroulakis N. Testing of the Salmon Welfare Index Model (SWIM 1.0) as a computational welfare assessment for sea-caged European sea bass. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1961106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agriculture Food Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali,University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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8
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Evaluation of the Effects of the Enriched-Organic Diets Composition on European Sea Bass Welfare through a Multi-Parametric Approach. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8110934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three groups of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were fed for seven months, with either a conventional diet or two different organic diets, which contain organic vegetables and a natural antioxidant compound. The two organic diets differed themselves in terms of raw proteins, fish oil, and lipid contents. Sea bass welfare condition was assessed in relation to these three diets, using 16 different indicators. These were: swimming activity (recovery test, muscle activity), haematological and serological stress indicators (haematocrit, haemoglobin, red-blood-cell count, cortisol, glucose, lactate), aspecific immunity parameter (lysozyme), indicators of exposure to organic contaminants (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and glutathione-S-transferase), and growth parameters (weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and hepato-somatic index). Most of these parameters individually did not give consistent responses, but their integration can provide an accurate evaluation of the fish welfare conditions among the three diet experimental groups. The multiparametric approach outlined a comprehensive picture of sea bass physiological state. The principal component analysis and the multi-criteria-decision-analysis were found to be useful tools for an integrated fish welfare assessment, highlighting that the best welfare condition was achieved in the experimental group fed with the protein-rich organic diet.
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9
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Arechavala-Lopez P, Caballero-Froilán JC, Jiménez-García M, Capó X, Tejada S, Saraiva JL, Sureda A, Moranta D. Enriched environments enhance cognition, exploratory behaviour and brain physiological functions of Sparus aurata. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11252. [PMID: 32647185 PMCID: PMC7347547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment is considered as a recommended tool to guarantee or improve the welfare of captive fish. This study demonstrates for the first time that structural environmental enrichment enhances cognition, exploratory behaviour and brain physiological functions of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Seabream was reared in groups (n = 15) during 60 days under two different treatments: enriched tanks with plant-fibre ropes (EE) or bare/non-enriched tanks (NE). Fish were then exposed to a purpose-built maze for 1 h every second day in four trials. Analysis of video recordings showed that seabream under EE conditions presented higher overall exploratory behaviour, spatial orientation and learning capability compared to seabream from NE conditions. Results from brain monoamines analyses may suggest increased recent dopaminergic activity in telencephalon, known to be involved in learning processes; and increased serotonergic activity in cerebellum, involved in the coordination of balance, movements and orientation. In addition, EE-reared fish showed increased antioxidant activity in whole brain, with no apparent oxidative damage. Structural EE seemed to induce an hormetic response on juvenile seabream, improving their welfare status during captivity. Application of this kind of physical structure might be feasible at fish farms as a passive and non-invasive tool to improve welfare of intensively cultured seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arechavala-Lopez
- Fish Ethology and Welfare Group, CCMAR, Faro, Portugal.
- Fish Ecology Group, IMEDEA (CSIC/UIB), Esporles, Spain.
| | - J C Caballero-Froilán
- Laboratory of Neurophisiology, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Jiménez-García
- Laboratory of Neurophisiology, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - X Capó
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - S Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophisiology, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J L Saraiva
- Fish Ethology and Welfare Group, CCMAR, Faro, Portugal
| | - A Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D Moranta
- Laboratory of Neurophisiology, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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10
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Martos-Sitcha JA, Mancera JM, Prunet P, Magnoni LJ. Editorial: Welfare and Stressors in Fish: Challenges Facing Aquaculture. Front Physiol 2020; 11:162. [PMID: 32174844 PMCID: PMC7055460 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Patrick Prunet
- INRAE, UR1037, Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Rennes, France
| | - Leonardo Julián Magnoni
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
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11
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Breen M, Anders N, Humborstad OB, Nilsson J, Tenningen M, Vold A. Catch Welfare in Commercial Fisheries. Anim Welf 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41675-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Figueiredo F, Aragão C, Pinto W, Dinis MT, Oliveira CC. Optimizing rearing and welfare in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalesensis) broodstock: Effect of ambient light intensity and handling time on stress response. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2019.104880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Humborstad OB, Noble C, Sæther BS, Midling KØ, Breen M. Fish Welfare in Capture-Based Aquaculture (CBA). Anim Welf 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41675-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Mather JA. Ethics and Care: For Animals, Not Just Mammals. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121018. [PMID: 31766726 PMCID: PMC6941085 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Animals come in a huge array of types, species and structures, but without realizing it, we have focused our care on those like us, mammals. They look something like us, so it’s easy to empathize with animals like dogs, cats and horses. We see them on magazine covers, worry about their pain and suffering and try to conserve their habitat. Because of this tight focus, we lose all the other animals—invertebrates, for instance, are 98% of the animals on the planet. Even though these animals aren’t mammals, we should still care about their welfare. This paper gives the example of two groups, fish and crustaceans, whose welfare has been overlooked or denied, as an example of how we should care about the well-being of all animals, not just mammals. Abstract In the last few decades, we have made great strides in recognizing ethics and providing care for animals, but the focus has been mainly on mammals. This stems from a bias of attention not only in research but predominantly in non-scientists’ attention (to ‘popular’ animals), resulting partly from discussion about and depiction of animals in publications addressed to the public. This is somewhat due to political pressure, and can result in uneven conservation efforts and biases in targets for welfare concerns. As a result, there has been a huge backlash again, with concerns about pain sensitivity and welfare in fish, and a less focused but more pervasive omission of consideration of all invertebrates. That means welfare efforts are focused on 0.2% of the animal species on the planet, and education about non-mammals, particularly addressed to children, is necessary to broaden this focus and care more fully for the inhabitants of the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Mather
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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15
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Champneys T, Castaldo G, Consuegra S, Garcia de Leaniz C. Density-dependent changes in neophobia and stress-coping styles in the world's oldest farmed fish. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181473. [PMID: 30662751 PMCID: PMC6304122 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Farmed fish are typically reared at densities much higher than those observed in the wild, but to what extent crowding results in abnormal behaviours that can impact welfare and stress coping styles is subject to debate. Neophobia (i.e. fear of the 'new') is thought to be adaptive under natural conditions by limiting risks, but it is potentially maladapted in captivity, where there are no predators or novel foods. We reared juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for six weeks at either high (50 g l-1) or low density (14 g l-1), assessed the extent of skin and eye darkening (two proxies of chronic stress), and exposed them to a novel object in an open test arena, with and without cover, to assess the effects of density on neophobia and stress coping styles. Fish reared at high density were darker, more neophobic, less aggressive, less mobile and less likely to take risks than those reared at low density, and these effects were exacerbated when no cover was available. Thus, the reactive coping style shown by fish at high density was very different from the proactive coping style shown by fish at low density. Our findings provide novel insights into the plasticity of fish behaviour and the effects of aquaculture intensification on one of the world's oldest farmed and most invasive fish, and highlight the importance of considering context. Crowding could have a positive effect on the welfare of tilapia by reducing aggressive behaviour, but it can also make fish chronically stressed and more fearful, which could make them less invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - C. Garcia de Leaniz
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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16
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Millot S, Cerqueira M, Castanheira MF, Øverli Ø, Martins CI, Oliveira RF. Use of conditioned place preference/avoidance tests to assess affective states in fish. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Klíma O, Kopp R, Hadašová L, Mareš J. Fin condition of fish kept in aquacultural systems. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361061907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Prunet P, Øverli Ø, Douxfils J, Bernardini G, Kestemont P, Baron D. Fish welfare and genomics. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:43-60. [PMID: 21671026 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There is a considerable public and scientific debate concerning welfare of fish in aquaculture. In this review, we will consider fish welfare as an integration of physiological, behavioral, and cognitive/emotional responses, all of which are essentially adaptative responses to stressful situations. An overview of fish welfare in this context suggests that understanding will rely on knowledge of all components of allostatic responses to stress and environmental perturbations. The development of genomic technologies provides new approaches to this task, exemplified by how genome-wide analysis of genetic structures and corresponding expression patterns can lead to the discovery of new aspects of adaptative responses. We will illustrate how the genomic approach may give rise to new biomarkers for fish welfare and also increase our understanding of the interaction between physiological, behavioral, and emotional responses. In a first part, we present data on expression of candidate genes selected a priori. This is a common avenue to develop molecular biomarkers capable of diagnosing a stress condition at its earliest onset, in order to allow quick corrective intervention in an aquaculture setting. However, most of these studies address isolated physiological functions and stress responses that may not be truly indicative of animal welfare, and there is only rudimentary understanding of genes related to possible cognitive and emotional responses in fish. We also present an overview on transcriptomic analysis related to the effect of aquaculture stressors, environmental changes (temperature, salinity, hypoxia), or concerning specific behavioral patterns. These studies illustrate the potential of genomic approaches to characterize the complexity of the molecular mechanisms which underlies not only physiological but also behavioral responses in relation to fish welfare. Thirdly, we address proteomic studies on biological responses to stressors such as salinity change and hypoxia. We will also consider proteomic studies developed in mammals in relation to anxiety and depressive status which may lead to new potential candidates in fish. Finally, in the conclusion, we will suggest new developments to facilitate an integrated view of fish welfare. This includes use of laser microdissection in the transcriptomic/proteomic studies, development of meta-analysis methods for extracting information from genomic data sets, and implementation of technological advances for high-throughput proteomic studies. Development of these new approaches should be as productive for our understanding of the biological processes underlying fish welfare as it has been for the progress of pathophysiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prunet
- UR1037 SCRIBE, IFR140, INRA, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France.
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19
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Kaiser MJ, Huntingford FA. Introduction to papers on fish welfare in commercial fisheries. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 75:2852-2854. [PMID: 20738530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Kaiser
- School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK.
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20
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Abstract
In contrast to terrestrial farming or aquaculture, little, if any, welfare regulation exists that constrains how fishes are handled or killed in wild-capture marine fisheries. Given that welfare in wild-capture fisheries is moving further up the public agenda, an unbiased, dispassionate account of what happens to fishes caught in wild-capture marine fisheries is needed so as to identify where the main animal welfare issues exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Metcalfe
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England, UK.
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