Segota E, Mekhail T, Olencki T, Hutson TE, Dreicer R, Wacker B, Osterwalder B, Elson P, Zhou M, Bukowski RM. Phase II trial of capecitabine and rHu-interferon-alpha-2a in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, limited efficacy, and moderate toxicity.
Urol Oncol 2007;
25:46-52. [PMID:
17208138 DOI:
10.1016/j.urolonc.2006.02.016]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Revised: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Capecitabine is an orally administered fluoropyrimidine that is converted to 5-fluorouracil by thymidine phosphorylase. In view of the recognized synergism of fluoropyrimidines with interferon-alpha (IFNalpha), a Phase II study to characterize the toxicity and efficacy of the combination of capecitabine and rHuIFNalpha-2a for the treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was conducted.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Eligible patients had metastatic RCC, measurable disease, and no prior systemic therapy. A total of 32 patients were entered into the study. Histologic subtypes included clear cell (n = 28) and nonclear cell (n = 2). Histology was unknown for 2 patients. The first 14 patients were treated with capecitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14 and 22-36, combined with IFNalpha-2a 3.0 MU/m(2) subcutaneously 3 times weekly. Because of toxicity requiring dose reductions during the first cycle, the capecitabine dose was reduced to 825 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14 and 22-36 in the subsequent 18 patients.
RESULTS
Responses were seen in 4 of 32 patients (12%) (95% confidence interval 4% to 29%), with 1 complete response and 3 partial responses. There were 3 responses that occurred at the higher capecitabine starting dose level. Median response duration was 12 months (range 4.6-15.0). There were 12 patients (38%) who had stable disease for at least 2 cycles (duration 2.9 to 33.6+ months). One-year survival was 63%. Toxicity was moderate to severe and required dose reductions in 88% of patients. There were 23 patients who had grade > or =3 toxicity.
CONCLUSION
The combination of capecitabine and IFNalpha-2a has limited activity in metastatic RCC and is associated with moderate-to-severe toxicity.
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