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Scarini JF, Gonçalves MWA, de Lima-Souza RA, Lavareze L, de Carvalho Kimura T, Yang CC, Altemani A, Mariano FV, Soares HP, Fillmore GC, Egal ESA. Potential role of the Eph/ephrin system in colorectal cancer: emerging druggable molecular targets. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1275330. [PMID: 38651144 PMCID: PMC11033724 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1275330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Eph/ephrin system regulates many developmental processes and adult tissue homeostasis. In colorectal cancer (CRC), it is involved in different processes including tumorigenesis, tumor angiogenesis, metastasis development, and cancer stem cell regeneration. However, conflicting data regarding Eph receptors in CRC, especially in its putative role as an oncogene or a suppressor gene, make the precise role of Eph-ephrin interaction confusing in CRC development. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature and highlight evidence that collaborates with these ambiguous roles of the Eph/ephrin system in CRC, as well as the molecular findings that represent promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Figueira Scarini
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Moisés Willian Aparecido Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luccas Lavareze
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita de Carvalho Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ching-Chu Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Albina Altemani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Prado Soares
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Gary Chris Fillmore
- Biorepository and Molecular Pathology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Erika Said Abu Egal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biorepository and Molecular Pathology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (UU), Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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2
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Chen S, Cao X, Ben S, Zhu L, Gu D, Wu Y, Li S, Yu Q. Genetic variants in RNA m 5 C modification genes associated with survival and chemotherapy efficacy of colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 12:1376-1388. [PMID: 35861369 PMCID: PMC9883553 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant digestive tract tumors with a poor prognosis. RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5 C) is an important posttranscriptional widespread modification involved in many biological processes. However, the association between genetic variations of m5 C modification genes and the prognostic value of colorectal cancer remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the association between candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 m5 C modification genes and colorectal cancer overall survival (OS) after chemotherapy by the Cox regression model. The combined effect of selected SNPs on OS, progression-free survival (PFS), and disease control rate (DCR) was assessed by the number of risk alleles (NRA). The GTEx and TCGA database were used to perform expression qualitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis. RESULTS We identified that two SNPs in YBX1 were associated with OS after chemotherapy (HR = 1.43, p = 0.001 for rs10890208; HR = 1.36, p = 0.025 for rs3862218). A striking dose-response effect between NRA and OS after chemotherapy was found (ptrend = 0.002). The DCR of patients receiving oxaliplatin chemotherapy in the 3-4 NRA group was markedly reduced in comparison to that in the 0-2 NRA group (OR = 1.49, p = 0.036). Moreover, YBX1 mRNA expression was significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues (p < 0.05) in the TCGA database, and eQTL analysis demonstrated that the two SNPs were associated with YBX1 (p = 0.003 for rs10890208 and p = 0.024 for rs3862218). CONCLUSION Our study indicates that genetic variants in m5 C modification genes may mediate changes in YBX1 mRNA levels and affect the chemotherapeutic efficacy of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsuChina,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiangming Cao
- Department of OncologyThe Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical CollegeJiangyinChina
| | - Shuai Ben
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Dongying Gu
- Department of OncologyNanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Medical OncologyJiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shuwei Li
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina,Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsuChina
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Association of UGT1A1*6 polymorphism with irinotecan-based chemotherapy reaction in colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226428. [PMID: 32936306 PMCID: PMC7578622 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths across the world. Irinotecan (IRI) is commonly used to treat CRC, and IRI-based chemotherapy is linked with adverse reaction and the efficacy of the treatment regimen. The gene UGT1A1 plays a central role in the IRI metabolic pathway. A polymorphism UGT1A1*6 has been widely researched which may be related to response of IRI-based chemotherapy in CRC. All relevant studies were strictly searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases to explore the associations between UGT1A1*6 and response of IRI-based chemotherapy with CRC. Nine articles comprising 1652 patients were included in the final combination. Meta-analysis showed G allele or GG had a lower risk of severe late-onset diarrhea compared with A/AA in allele model and homozygote model (G vs. A: OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.28–0.99, P=0.05; GG vs. AA: OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23–0.99, P=0.05), no significant association was observed in other models. In addition, a significant association between UGT1A1*6 and neutropenia was observed in all models (G vs. A: OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.46–0.71, P=0.00; GG vs. AA: OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.17–0.45, P=0.01; GA vs. AA: OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.26–0.70, P=0.00; GG+GA vs. AA: OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.20–0.52, P=0.00; GG vs. AA+GA: OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22–0.71, P=0.00), whereas, no relationship was found between UGT1A1*6 and clinical response among the different genotypes. UGT1A1*6 may be considered as a biomarker for IRI-based chemotherapy in CRC.
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Li Z, Xing X, Shan F, Li S, Li Z, Xiao A, Xing Z, Xue K, Li Z, Hu Y, Jia Y, Miao R, Zhang L, Bu Z, Wu A, Ji J. ABCC2-24C > T polymorphism is associated with the response to platinum/5-Fu-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and better clinical outcomes in advanced gastric cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55449-55457. [PMID: 27487151 PMCID: PMC5342428 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment using oxaliplatin and fluoropyrimidines in advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, preoperative biomarkers predictive of clinical outcome remain lacking. We examined polymorphisms in the MTHFR, DPYD, UMPS, ABCB1, ABCC2, GSTP1, ERCC1, and XRCC1 genes to evaluate their usefulness as pharmacogenetic markers in a cohort of 103 GC patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells, and the genotypes were analyzed using a SNaPShotTM assay, polymerase chain reaction amplification, and sequencing. The ABCC2-24C > T (rs717620) genotype was associated with pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with the TT and TC genotypes responded to neoadjuvant chemotherapy 3.80 times more often than those with the CC genotype (95% CI: 1.27–11.32). Patients with the CC genotype also had poorer outcomes than those with other genotypes. Thus, ABCC2-24C > T polymorphism may help to predict the response to preoperative chemotherapy in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Translational Research, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangxi Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Aitang Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaodong Xing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhemin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Tissue Bank, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yongning Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Rulin Miao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhai Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaode Bu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Aiwen Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Translational Research, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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Berent D, Pogórski M, Kulczycka-Wojdala D, Kusideł E, Macander M, Pawłowska Z. Childhood Adversities are not a Predictors of SSTR4met in Alcoholics. Transl Neurosci 2017; 8:127-138. [PMID: 29104801 PMCID: PMC5662752 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genome methylation may modulate synaptic plasticity, being a potential background for mental disorder. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), known to be frequently reported by patients with alcohol dependence (AD), have been proposed as one of environmental inequities influencing DNA methylation. The study is aiming 1.To assess a promoter region methylation in gene for somatostatin receptor subtype-4 (SSTR4), a receptor for somatostatin, a neurotransmitter engaged in neuroplasticity and memory formation, in patients with AD; 2. To verify if SSTR4 promoter methylation is associated with ACEs and other selected environmental factors. Methodology: 176 patients with AD and 127 healthy controls were interviewed regarding 13 categories of ACEs; a structured self-reported questionnaire - to measure the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; a module of Catalogue of Healthy Behavior - to assess nutritional health habits; the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - to assess drinking severity. The SSTR4 promoter region methylation status was performed via methylation-specific PCR, and the genotyping for the SSTR4 rs2567608 functional polymorphism - according to the manufacturer's standard PCR protocol. Results SSTR4 promoter region was found methylated in 21.6% patients with AD and 2.3% controls. None of following characteristics: current age, gender, term and kind of labor, 13 categories of childhood trauma, diet, alcohol drinking severity, age at alcohol drinking initiation, age at onset of problem drinking, cigarette smoking, and SSTR4 rs2567608 was a significant predictor for SSTR4 promoter region methylation. Conclusions SSTR4 promoter region methylation in here studied participants may be either inherited epigenetic modification or secondary, but not to here assessed variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Berent
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Psychiatry II, Kondratowicza 8 Str., PL-03-242Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Pogórski
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rzgowska 281/289 Str., 93-338Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Kusideł
- University of Lodz, Department of Spatial Econometrics, Rewolucji 1905 r. 39 Str., 90-214Lodz, Poland
| | - Marian Macander
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Aviation Pathophysiology and Safety Flight Department, Krasińskiego 54/56 Str., 01-755Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Pawłowska
- Medical University of Lodz, Central Scientific Laboratory, Mazowiecka 6/8 Str., 92-215Lodz, Poland
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6
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Berent D, Emilien G, Podgórski M, Kusideł E, Kulczycka-Wojdala D, Szymańska B, Macander M, Pawłowska Z. SSTR4, Childhood Adversity, Self-efficacy and Suicide Risk in Alcoholics. Transl Neurosci 2017; 8:76-86. [PMID: 28924491 PMCID: PMC5597949 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with alcohol dependence (AD) are known to develop poor social skills, to report a higher number of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and to attempt suicide more frequently than the general population. The background for the association between ACEs and a higher risk of suicide still remains understudied. SSTR4 rs2567608 is a functional polymorphism of the gene for somatostatin receptor subtype 4, predominantly found in the CA1 hippocampus area and involved in memory formation. We hypothesize that the functional polymorphism SSTR4 rs2567608, general self-efficacy, and adverse childhood experiences influence the risk of suicide attempt in patients with AD. Methodology 176 patients with AD and 127 healthy controls were interviewed regarding 13 categories of ACEs and assessed with the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Genotyping for the SSTR4 rs2567608 polymorphism was performed according to the manufacturer’s standard PCR protocol. Results Patients with AD and the controls did not differ significantly according to the SSTR4 rs2567608 genotype and allele frequencies. Lower general self-efficacy, higher number of ACEs, and the SSTR4 rs2567608 TT genotype increased the risk of suicide attempt in patients with AD, and it persisted significant only in male patients with AD. Conclusions Our study supports previous findings on ACEs and general self-efficacy association with a risk for suicide. Additionally, we suggest that patients with AD of the SSTR4 rs2567608 TT genotype may be more vulnerable to ACEs and at a higher risk of suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Berent
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Psychiatry II, Kondratowicza 8 Str., PL-03-242Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gerard Emilien
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Departement de Biologie Humaine, 8 Avenue Rckfeller, 69373LYON Cedex 08, France
| | - Michał Podgórski
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rzgowska 281/289 Str., 93-338Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Kusideł
- University of Lodz, Department of Spatial Econometrics, Rewolucji 1905 r. 39 Str., 90-214Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Szymańska
- Medical University of Lodz, Central Scientific Laboratory, Mazowiecka 6/8 Str., 92-215Lodz, Poland
| | - Marian Macander
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Safety Flight Department, Krasińskiego 54/56 Str., 01-755Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Pawłowska
- Medical University of Lodz, Central Scientific Laboratory, Mazowiecka 6/8 Str., 92-215Lodz, Poland
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7
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De Voogd FA, Gearry RB, Mulder CJ, Day AS. Osteoprotegerin: A novel biomarker for inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:1386-92. [PMID: 26896745 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily of proteins. Although initial data illustrated the key role that OPG plays in bone turnover, numerous recent reports indicate that OPG is also an important factor in inflammatory pathways and tumor cell survival. OPG contributes directly to inflammatory processes and has been evaluated as a novel non-invasive biomarker of gut inflammation. Furthermore, OPG affects cell turn-over, differentiation, death, and survival via extracellular pathways, correlating with worse prognosis in inflammatory bowel diseases and several gastrointestinal carcinomas. It is now clear that OPG has multiple functions and characteristics. This review gives an overview of OPG, highlights its roles in different extracellular pathways, and outlines how OPG could be used as a novel non-invasive biological marker in inflammatory bowel diseases and gastrointestinal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris Ae De Voogd
- Departments of Paediatrics, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard B Gearry
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew S Day
- Departments of Paediatrics, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Paediatrics, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Kap EJ, Popanda O, Chang-Claude J. Nucleotide excision repair and response and survival to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:755-94. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2015-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several new chemotherapeutic agents have become available for the treatment of colorectal cancer, which has led to increased complexity in treatment planning. Treatment decision making for individual patients could be facilitated if guided by predictive and prognostic markers. As most cytotoxic drugs induce DNA damage, the DNA damage repair pathways hold potential for yielding such biomarkers. Here, we review the current evidence of a possible involvement of the nucleotide excision repair pathway in the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Although a large number of studies have been conducted, they are generally of moderate size and heterogeneous in design. Up to date no firm conclusions can be drawn to translate these results into the clinic. We recommend further comprehensive investigations of the nucleotide excision repair pathway in large patient studies that include both discovery and validation cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J Kap
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Odilia Popanda
- Division of Epigenomics & Cancer Risk Factors, DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Pander J, van Huis-Tanja L, Böhringer S, van der Straaten T, Gelderblom H, Punt C, Guchelaar HJ. Genome Wide Association Study for Predictors of Progression Free Survival in Patients on Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin, Bevacizumab and Cetuximab in First-Line Therapy of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222057 PMCID: PMC4519298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite expanding options for systemic treatment, survival for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains limited and individual response is difficult to predict. In search of pre-treatment predictors, pharmacogenetic research has mainly used a candidate gene approach. Genome wide association (GWA) studies offer the benefit of simultaneously analyzing a large number of SNPs, in both known and still unidentified functional regions. Using a GWA approach, we searched for genetic markers affecting progression free survival (PFS) in mCRC patients treated with first-line capecitabine, oxaliplatin and bevacizumab (CAPOX-B), with or without cetuximab. PATIENTS AND METHODS 755 patients were included in the CAIRO2-trial, a multicenter phase III trial, randomizing between first-line treatment with CAPOX-B versus CAPOX-B plus cetuximab. Germline DNA and complete clinical information was available from 553 patients and genome wide genotyping was performed, using Illumina's OmniExpress beadchip arrays, with 647,550 markers passing all quality checks. Another 2,202,473 markers were imputated by using HapMap2. Association with PFS was analysed using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS One marker, rs885036, associated significantly with PFS (P = 2.17x10(-8)) showing opposite effects on PFS depending on treatment arm. The minor allele was associated with increased PFS in patients receiving cetuximab. A cluster of markers located on chromosome 8 associated with PFS, irrespective of treatment arm (P-values of 2.30x10(-7) to 1.04x10(-6)). CONCLUSION This is the first GWA study to find SNPs affecting PFS in mCRC patients treated with CAPOX-B, either with or without cetuximab. Rs885036 is a potential predictive marker for cetuximab efficacy. These markers need to be validated in independent treatment cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pander
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; PO box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke van Huis-Tanja
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; PO box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Böhringer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tahar van der Straaten
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; PO box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; PO box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands; PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; PO box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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10
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Yoon YS, Kim JC. Recent applications of chemosensitivity tests for colorectal cancer treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:16398-16408. [PMID: 25469008 PMCID: PMC4248183 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of therapeutic efficacy is necessary to predict the outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). In these patients, there is a critical need for predictive chemosensitivity assays and biomarkers to optimize efficacy and minimize toxicity. The introduction of targeted agents has improved the progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with metastatic disease. However, approximately 50% of patients do not show a positive response to chemotherapy and the selection of patients likely to respond to a specific regimen remains challenging. Cell culture-based chemosensitivity tests use autologous viable tumor cells to evaluate susceptibility to specific agents in vitro and predict their direct effects. Adenosine triphosphate-based assays and methyl thiazolyl-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide-based assays are used widely as sensitivity tests because of their short assay period, technical simplicity, and the requirement of small amount of specimen. Among protein- and gene-based chemosensitivity assays, assessment of KRAS mutation status predicts the response to epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy in CRC patients. The validation of predictive and prognostic markers enables the selection of therapeutic regimens with optimal efficacy and minimal toxicity for each patient, which has been termed personalized treatment. This review summarizes currently available predictive and prognostic chemosensitivity tests for metastatic CRC.
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Prediction of individual response to anticancer therapy: historical and future perspectives. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:729-57. [PMID: 25387856 PMCID: PMC4309902 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of chemotherapy for cancer treatment in the early 20th century considerable efforts have been made to maximize drug efficiency and at the same time minimize side effects. As there is a great interpatient variability in response to chemotherapy, the development of predictive biomarkers is an ambitious aim for the rapidly growing research area of personalized molecular medicine. The individual prediction of response will improve treatment and thus increase survival and life quality of patients. In the past, cell cultures were used as in vitro models to predict in vivo response to chemotherapy. Several in vitro chemosensitivity assays served as tools to measure miscellaneous endpoints such as DNA damage, apoptosis and cytotoxicity or growth inhibition. Twenty years ago, the development of high-throughput technologies, e.g. cDNA microarrays enabled a more detailed analysis of drug responses. Thousands of genes were screened and expression levels were correlated to drug responses. In addition, mutation analysis became more and more important for the prediction of therapeutic success. Today, as research enters the area of -omics technologies, identification of signaling pathways is a tool to understand molecular mechanism underlying drug resistance. Combining new tissue models, e.g. 3D organoid cultures with modern technologies for biomarker discovery will offer new opportunities to identify new drug targets and in parallel predict individual responses to anticancer therapy. In this review, we present different currently used chemosensitivity assays including 2D and 3D cell culture models and several -omics approaches for the discovery of predictive biomarkers. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of these assays and biomarkers to predict the clinical outcome of individual patients and future perspectives.
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Goswami DB, Ogawa LM, Ward JM, Miller GM, Vallender EJ. Large-scale polymorphism discovery in macaque G-protein coupled receptors. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:703. [PMID: 24119066 PMCID: PMC3907043 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an inordinately large role in human health. Variation in the genes that encode these receptors is associated with numerous disorders across the entire spectrum of disease. GPCRs also represent the single largest class of drug targets and associated pharmacogenetic effects are modulated, in part, by polymorphisms. Recently, non-human primate models have been developed focusing on naturally-occurring, functionally-parallel polymorphisms in candidate genes. This work aims to extend those studies broadly across the roughly 377 non-olfactory GPCRs. Initial efforts include resequencing 44 Indian-origin rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), 20 Chinese-origin rhesus macaques, and 32 cynomolgus macaques (M. fascicularis). RESULTS Using the Agilent target enrichment system, capture baits were designed for GPCRs off the human and rhesus exonic sequence. Using next generation sequencing technologies, nearly 25,000 SNPs were identified in coding sequences including over 14,000 non-synonymous and more than 9,500 synonymous protein-coding SNPs. As expected, regions showing the least evolutionary constraint show greater rates of polymorphism and greater numbers of higher frequency polymorphisms. While the vast majority of these SNPs are singletons, roughly 1,750 non-synonymous and 2,900 synonymous SNPs were found in multiple individuals. CONCLUSIONS In all three populations, polymorphism and divergence is highly concentrated in N-terminal and C-terminal domains and the third intracellular loop region of GPCRs, regions critical to ligand-binding and signaling. SNP frequencies in macaques follow a similar pattern of divergence from humans and new polymorphisms in primates have been identified that may parallel those seen in humans, helping to establish better non-human primate models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra B Goswami
- New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, One Pine Hill Drive, Southborough, MA 01772, USA.
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Haq R, Fisher DE. Targeting melanoma by small molecules: challenges ahead. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:464-9. [PMID: 23611259 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in targeting melanoma using small molecule inhibitors, but challenges remain. Here we describe the history of screening approaches in melanoma and their limitations. We propose several approaches to refine our screening models to enhance the discovery process. It is hoped that this discussion will stimulate further improvements in our development of small molecules inhibitors for treatment of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Haq
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Feasibility of proposed single-nucleotide polymorphisms as predictive markers for targeted regimens in metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1862-9. [PMID: 23579219 PMCID: PMC3658526 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Surrogate biomarkers for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are urgently needed to achieve the best outcomes for targeted therapy. Methods: A clinical association analysis was performed to examine the three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were previously proposed as markers of chemosensitivity to the cetuximab (124 patients) and bevacizumab regimens (100 patients) in mCRC patients. In addition, biological correlations were examined for the candidate SNPs in terms of their regulatory pathway. Results: For cetuximab regimens, patients homozygous for the wild-type alleles (GG) of LIFR rs3729740 exhibited a 1.9 times greater overall response rate (ORR) and 1.4 months longer progression-free survival (PFS) than those homozygous or heterozygous for the mutant allele (GA and AA; P=0.022 and 0.027, respectively). For bevacizumab regimens, patients homozygous for the minor alleles (TT) of ANXA11 rs1049550 exhibited an ORR twice as high as those homozygous or heterozygous for the ancestral allele (CC and CT; P=0.031). Overall response rate gain was achieved up to 10% in patients with wild-type LIFR rs3729740 patients either with wild-type KRAS or skin toxicity (P=0.001) respectively. Specifically in clones treated with cetuximab and bevacizumab regimens, active p-ERK and MMP-9 expressions were significantly reduced in clones expressing wild-type LIFR rs3729740 (P=0.044) and in those expressing minor-type ANXA11 rs1049550 (P=0.007), respectively. Conclusion: LIFR rs3729740 and possibly ANXA11 rs1049550 may be useful as biomarkers for predicting whether mCRC patients are sensitive to relevant target regimens, although further validation in large cohorts is needed.
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Chen W, Yuan L, Cai Y, Chen X, Chi Y, Wei P, Zhou X, Shi D. Identification of chromosomal copy number variations and novel candidate loci in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer with mismatch repair proficiency. Genomics 2013; 102:27-34. [PMID: 23434627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of microsatellite stable hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancers (MSS HNPCC) is unclear. To identify genomic regions that might be involved in MSS HNPCC pathogenesis, we selected 20 pairs of MSS HNPCC for a genome-wide study using copy number variation targeted (CNV-targeted) CytoScan HD Array. A remarkably increased frequency of 20q gain (70%) and high levels of copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (40%) were observed. The most frequent tumor-specific CNVs included amplifications (7p21.3-15.1, 8q13.3-24.3, 13q14.1-33.3 and 20q12-13.33) and deletions (8p11.23-23.1, 15q11.2-26.1, 17p13.1-13.3 and 18q11.2-21.33). In addition, 10 novel CNVs were discovered and led to identification of WDR16 and RAPGEF5 as candidate genes involved in tumorigenesis, displaying a robust correlation between expression and genomic alterations. Moreover, WDR16 and RAPGEF5 exhibited altered protein expression levels as assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 41 other independent samples. Finally, high consistencies (68-84%) were observed between CNVs by Array and quantitative PCR. These findings are important for further elucidating MSS HNPCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Sugimura H, Wang JD, Mori H, Tsuboi M, Nagura K, Igarashi H, Tao H, Nakamura R, Natsume H, Kahyo T, Shinmura K, Konno H, Hamaya Y, Kanaoka S, Kataoka H, Zhou XJ. EPH-EPHRIN in human gastrointestinal cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2010; 2:421-8. [PMID: 21191536 PMCID: PMC3011096 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v2.i12.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since its discovery two decades ago, the erythropoietin-producing hepatoma (EPH)-EPHRIN system has been shown to play multifaceted roles in human gastroenterological cancer as well as neurodevelopment. Over-expression, amplification and point mutations have been found in many human cancers and many investigators have shown correlations between these up-regulations and tumor angiogenesis. Thus, the genes in this family are considered to be potential targets of cancer therapy. On the other hand, the down-regulation of some members as a result of epigenetic changes has also been reported in some cancers. Furthermore, the correlation between altered expressions and clinical prognosis seems to be inconclusive. A huge amount of protein-protein interaction studies on the EPH-EPHRIN system have provided a basic scheme for signal transductions, especially bi-directional signaling involving EPH-ERPHRIN molecules at the cell membrane. This information also provides a manipulative strategy for harnessing the actions of these molecules. In this review, we summarize the known alterations of EPH-EPHRIN genes in human tumors of the esophagus, stomach, colorectum, liver and pancreas and present the perspective that the EPH-EPHRIN system could be a potential target of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Sugimura
- Haruhiko Sugimura, Hiroki Mori, Masaru Tsuboi, Kiyoko Nagura, Hisaki Igarashi, Hong Tao, Ritsuko Nakamura, Hiroko Natsume, Tomoaki Kahyo, Kazuya Shinmura, Department of Pathology I, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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