1
|
Chmel K, Ewome FL, Gómez GU, Klomberg Y, Mertens JEJ, Tropek R, Janeček Š. Bird pollination syndrome is the plant's adaptation to ornithophily, but nectarivorous birds are not so selective. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kryštof Chmel
- Dept. of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ. Viničná Prague Czechia
- Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences Branišovská České Budějovice Czechia
| | | | | | - Yannick Klomberg
- Dept. of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ. Viničná Prague Czechia
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Darwinweg Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Jan E. J. Mertens
- Dept. of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ. Viničná Prague Czechia
| | - Robert Tropek
- Dept. of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ. Viničná Prague Czechia
- Inst. of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences Branišovská České Budějovice Czechia
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- Dept. of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ. Viničná Prague Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Padyšáková E, Okrouhlík J, Brown M, Bartoš M, Janeček Š. Asymmetric competition for nectar between a large nectar thief and a small pollinator: an energetic point of view. Oecologia 2017; 183:1111-1120. [PMID: 28138819 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There are two alternative hypotheses related to body size and competition for restricted food sources. The first one supposes that larger animals are superior competitors because of their increased feeding abilities, whereas the second one assumes superiority of smaller animals because of their lower food requirements. We examined the relationship between two unrelated species of different size, drinking technique, energy requirements and roles in plant pollination system, to reveal the features of their competitive interaction and mechanisms enabling their co-existence while utilising the same nectar source. We observed diurnal feeding behaviour of the main pollinator, the carpenter bee Xylocopa caffra and a nectar thief, the northern double-collared sunbird Cinnyris reichenowi on 19 clumps of Hypoestes aristata (Acanthaceae) in Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon. For comparative purpose, we established a simplistic model of daily energy expenditure and daily energy intake by both visitor species assuming that they spend all available daytime feeding on H. aristata. We revealed the energetic gain-expenditure balance of the studied visitor species in relation to diurnal changes in nectar quality and quantity. In general, smaller energy requirements and related ability to utilise smaller resources made the main pollinator X. caffra competitively superior to the larger nectar thief C. reichenowi. Nevertheless, sunbirds are endowed with several mechanisms to reduce asymmetry in exploitative competition, such as the use of nectar resources in times of the day when rivals are inactive, aggressive attacks on carpenter bees while defending the nectar plants, and higher speed of nectar consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Padyšáková
- Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. .,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. .,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Okrouhlík
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mark Brown
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Michael Bartoš
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, 379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, 379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meseguer AS, Lobo JM, Ree R, Beerling DJ, Sanmartín I. Integrating fossils, phylogenies, and niche models into biogeography to reveal ancient evolutionary history: the case of Hypericum (hypericaceae). Syst Biol 2014; 64:215-32. [PMID: 25398444 PMCID: PMC4380036 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syu088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In disciplines such as macroevolution that are not amenable to experimentation, scientists usually rely on current observations to test hypotheses about historical events, assuming that “the present is the key to the past.” Biogeographers, for example, used this assumption to reconstruct ancestral ranges from the distribution of extant species. Yet, under scenarios of high extinction rates, the biodiversity we observe today might not be representative of the historical diversity and this could result in incorrect biogeographic reconstructions. Here, we introduce a new approach to incorporate into biogeographic inference the temporal, spatial, and environmental information provided by the fossil record, as a direct evidence of the extinct biodiversity fraction. First, inferences of ancestral ranges for those nodes in the phylogeny calibrated with the fossil record are constrained to include the geographic distribution of the fossil. Second, we use fossil distribution and past climate data to reconstruct the climatic preferences and potential distribution of ancestral lineages over time, and use this information to build a biogeographic model that takes into account “ecological connectivity” through time. To show the power of this approach, we reconstruct the biogeographic history of the large angiosperm genus Hypericum, which has a fossil record extending back to the Early Cenozoic. Unlike previous reconstructions based on extant species distributions, our results reveal that Hypericum stem lineages were already distributed in the Holarctic before diversification of its crown-group, and that the geographic distribution of the genus has been relatively stable throughout the climatic oscillations of the Cenozoic. Geographical movement was mediated by the existence of climatic corridors, like Beringia, whereas the equatorial tropical belt acted as a climatic barrier, preventing Hypericum lineages to reach the southern temperate regions. Our study shows that an integrative approach to historical biogeography—that combines sources of evidence as diverse as paleontology, ecology, and phylogenetics—could help us obtain more accurate reconstructions of ancient evolutionary history. It also reveals the confounding effect different rates of extinction across regions have in biogeography, sometimes leading to ancestral areas being erroneously inferred as recent colonization events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Meseguer
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP Campus International de Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP Campus International de Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jorge M Lobo
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP Campus International de Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Richard Ree
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP Campus International de Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - David J Beerling
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP Campus International de Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Isabel Sanmartín
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP Campus International de Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France; Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA and Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Padyšáková E, Bartoš M, Tropek R, Janeček S. Generalization versus specialization in pollination systems: visitors, thieves, and pollinators of Hypoestes aristata (Acanthaceae). PLoS One 2013; 8:e59299. [PMID: 23593135 PMCID: PMC3622670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many recent studies have suggested that the majority of animal-pollinated plants have a higher diversity of pollinators than that expected according to their pollination syndrome. This broad generalization, often based on pollination web data, has been challenged by the fact that some floral visitors recorded in pollination webs are ineffective pollinators. To contribute to this debate, and to obtain a contrast between visitors and pollinators, we studied insect and bird visitors to virgin flowers of Hypoestes aristata in the Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon. We observed the flowers and their visitors for 2-h periods and measured the seed production as a metric of reproductive success. We determined the effects of individual visitors using 2 statistical models, single-visit data that were gathered for more frequent visitor species, and frequency data. This approach enabled us to determine the positive as well as neutral or negative impact of visitors on H. aristata's reproductive success. We found that (i) this plant is not generalized but rather specialized; although we recorded 15 morphotaxa of visitors, only 3 large bee species seemed to be important pollinators; (ii) the carpenter bee Xylocopa cf. inconstans was both the most frequent and the most effective pollinator; (iii) the honey bee Apis mellifera acted as a nectar thief with apparent negative effects on the plant reproduction; and (iv) the close relationship between H. aristata and carpenter bees was in agreement with the large-bee pollination syndrome of this plant. Our results highlight the need for studies detecting the roles of individual visitors. We showed that such an approach is necessary to evaluate the pollination syndrome hypothesis and create relevant evolutionary and ecological hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Padyšáková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Janeček Š, Riegert J, Sedláček O, Bartoš M, Hořák D, Reif J, Padyšáková E, Fainová D, Antczak M, Pešata M, Mikeš V, Patáčová E, Altman J, Kantorová J, Hrázský Z, Brom J, Doležal J. Food selection by avian floral visitors: an important aspect of plant-flower visitor interactions in West Africa. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|