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Zhang P, Zhang M. Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:663961. [PMID: 34249700 PMCID: PMC8263908 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.663961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) comprise a group of heterogeneous diseases involving malignant T cells. The pathogenesis and etiology of CTCL are still unclear, although a large number of genetic and epidemiological studies on CTCL have been conducted. Most CTCLs have an indolent course, making early diagnosis difficult. Once large-cell transformation occurs, CTCL progresses to more aggressive types, resulting in an overall survival of less than five years. Epigenetic drugs, which have shown certain curative effects, have been selected as third-line drugs in patients with relapsing and refractory CTCL. Many studies have also identified epigenetic biomarkers from tissues and peripheral blood of patients with CTCL and suggested that epigenetic changes play a role in malignant transformation and histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) resistance in CTCL. Single-cell sequencing has been applied in CTCL studies, revealing heterogeneity in CTCL malignant T cells. The mechanisms of HDACi resistance have also been described, further facilitating the discovery of novel HDACi targets. Despite the heterogeneity of CTCL disease and its obscure pathogenesis, more epigenetic abnormalities have been gradually discovered recently, which not only enables us to understand CTCL disease further but also improves our understanding of the specific role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis and treatment. In this review, we discuss the recent discoveries concerning the pathological roles of epigenetics and epigenetic therapy in CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, China.,Department of Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, China
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Plastin 3 in health and disease: a matter of balance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5275-5301. [PMID: 34023917 PMCID: PMC8257523 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, PLS3 (plastin 3, also known as T-plastin or fimbrin) has been considered a rather inconspicuous protein, involved in F-actin-binding and -bundling. However, in recent years, a plethora of discoveries have turned PLS3 into a highly interesting protein involved in many cellular processes, signaling pathways, and diseases. PLS3 is localized on the X-chromosome, but shows sex-specific, inter-individual and tissue-specific expression variability pointing towards skewed X-inactivation. PLS3 is expressed in all solid tissues but usually not in hematopoietic cells. When escaping X-inactivation, PLS3 triggers a plethora of different types of cancers. Elevated PLS3 levels are considered a prognostic biomarker for cancer and refractory response to therapies. When it is knocked out or mutated in humans and mice, it causes osteoporosis with bone fractures; it is the only protein involved in actin dynamics responsible for osteoporosis. Instead, when PLS3 is upregulated, it acts as a highly protective SMN-independent modifier in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Here, it seems to counteract reduced F-actin levels by restoring impaired endocytosis and disturbed calcium homeostasis caused by reduced SMN levels. In contrast, an upregulation of PLS3 on wild-type level might cause osteoarthritis. This emphasizes that the amount of PLS3 in our cells must be precisely balanced; both too much and too little can be detrimental. Actin-dynamics, regulated by PLS3 among others, are crucial in a lot of cellular processes including endocytosis, cell migration, axonal growth, neurotransmission, translation, and others. Also, PLS3 levels influence the infection with different bacteria, mycosis, and other pathogens.
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3
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Dobos G, De Cevins C, Ly Ka So S, Jean-Louis F, Mathieu S, Ram-Wolff C, Resche-Rigon M, Bensussan A, Bagot M, Michel L. The value of five blood markers in differentiating mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: a validation cohort. Br J Dermatol 2020; 185:405-411. [PMID: 33314029 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and histological diagnosis of Sézary syndrome (SS) and mycosis fungoides (MF) is challenging in clinical routine. OBJECTIVES We investigated five blood markers previously described for SS (T-plastin, Twist, KIR3DL2, NKp46 and Tox) in a prospective validation cohort of patients. METHODS We included 447 patients in this study and 107 patients were followed up for prognosis. The markers were analysed by reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) on peripheral blood leucocytes and CD4+ T cells in a cohort of consecutive patients with early MF, erythrodermic MF and SS and compared with patients presenting with benign inflammatory dermatoses (BID) and erythrodermic BID. The markers were assessed in parallel to gold standard values such as CD4/CD8 ratio, loss of CD7 and CD26 membrane expression and CD4 absolute values. Sensitivity and specificity were analysed by receiver operator characteristic curves. The prognostic value of selected markers was analysed on a subset of patients. This study was conducted in one centre. RESULTS We defined cut-off values for each marker. T-plastin, Twist and KIR3DL2 had the best validity. SS may be overrepresented. The combination of T-plastin and Twist was able to differentiate between erythrodermic MF or BID and SS. The additional analysis of KIR3DL2 may be useful to predict the prognosis. CONCLUSIONS We propose T-plastin, Twist and KIR3DL2 measured by RT-qPCR as new diagnostic markers for Sézary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dobos
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris, 75010, France
| | - C De Cevins
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris, 75010, France
| | - S Ly Ka So
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris, 75010, France
| | - F Jean-Louis
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris, 75010, France
| | - S Mathieu
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris, 75010, France
| | - C Ram-Wolff
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris, 75010, France
| | - M Resche-Rigon
- SBIM, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris, 75010, France
| | - A Bensussan
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris, 75010, France
| | - M Bagot
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris, 75010, France.,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris, 75010, France
| | - L Michel
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris, 75010, France
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Gene Expression Comparison between Sézary Syndrome and Lymphocytic-Variant Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Refines Biomarkers for Sézary Syndrome. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091992. [PMID: 32872487 PMCID: PMC7563155 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS), an aggressive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) with poor prognosis, is characterized by the clinical hallmarks of circulating malignant T cells, erythroderma and lymphadenopathy. However, highly variable clinical skin manifestations and similarities with benign mimickers can lead to significant diagnostic delay and inappropriate therapy that can lead to disease progression and mortality. SS has been the focus of numerous transcriptomic-profiling studies to identify sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Benign inflammatory disease controls (e.g., psoriasis, atopic dermatitis) have served to identify chronic inflammatory phenotypes in gene expression profiles, but provide limited insight into the lymphoproliferative and oncogenic roles of abnormal gene expression in SS. This perspective was recently clarified by a transcriptome meta-analysis comparing SS and lymphocytic-variant hypereosinophilic syndrome, a benign yet often clonal T-cell lymphoproliferation, with clinical features similar to SS. Here we review the rationale for selecting lymphocytic-variant hypereosinophilic syndrome (L-HES) as a disease control for SS, and discuss differentially expressed genes that may distinguish benign from malignant lymphoproliferative phenotypes, including additional context from prior gene expression studies to improve understanding of genes important in SS.
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Li Z, Chen X, Wei M, Liu G, Tian Y, Zhang X, Zhu G, Chen C, Liu J, Wang T, Lin G, Wang J, Cai G, Lv Y. Systemic Analysis of RNA Alternative Splicing Signals Related to the Prognosis for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:87. [PMID: 32117741 PMCID: PMC7025462 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mechanism that is responsible for the production of protein diversity. An increasing body of evidence has suggested that out-of-control AS is closely related to the genesis and development of cancer. Systematic analysis of genome-wide AS in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not yet been carried out, and consideration of this topic remains at the preliminary stage and requires further investigation. In this study, systemic bioinformatic analysis was carried out on the genome-wide AS events of 555 clinical HNSCC samples from the TCGA database. Firstly, we statistically analyzed the distributions of seven AS event types in HNSCC samples. Then, through univariate survival analysis, we observed the relationship between AS and the prognosis of the disease and found that 437 intersections of AS events were significantly related to overall survival. Among them, 335 cross-genes showed a high degree of consistency in the genes associated with overall survival and recurrence. The overall survival was significantly related to AS events. Besides, the frequency of overall survival-related ES events was evidently reduced, while the AP and the AT events were increased. In addition, AT events accounted for the largest proportion. Further, multiple regression model analysis proved that AS could become a new classification method for HNSCC, and KEGG enrichment analysis proved that most genes and proteins interacting with AS events had different biological functions and were associated with a variety of diseases. Finally, through the selection of characteristic HNSCC genes and the construction of a prognostic model, seven cross-genes related to survival and recurrence were screened out, and these characteristic genes were verified by multivariate survival model analysis so as to classify the prognosis at different splicing times and gene expression levels. These results have laid a solid foundation for our further research and play a decisive role in showing the correlation of AS with the prognosis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexuan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guancheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yongquan Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gangcai Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changhan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangyi Liu
- Quanzhou Disease Prevention and Control Center, Quanzhou, China
| | - Tiansheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gongbiao Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gengming Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Lv
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Chen B, Zheng Y, Zhu J, Liang Y. SHARPIN overexpression promotes TAK1 expression and activates JNKs and NF-κB pathway in Mycosis Fungoides. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1279-1288. [PMID: 31461795 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycosis Fungoides (MF) is the most common subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). Shank-associated RH domain-interacting protein (SHARPIN) participates in the initiation and development of multiple tumors. However, the clinical significance of SHARPIN in MF hasn't been investigated. The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) pathway is a member of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Its dysregulation is observed in various tumors including CTCL, whereas the roles of JNKs pathway in MF remain largely unknown, the relationship between SHARPIN and JNKs pathway remains elusive. Herein, we showed that upregulated expression of SHARPIN was related to poor prognosis of MF patients. In vitro experiments found increased SHARPIN expression and activation of JNKs pathway in MF cell line MyLa2059. SHARPIN induced transforming growth factor β activated kinase-1 (TAK1) transcription, which is an upstream kinase of JNKs, NF-κB and p38 pathway, leading to activation of JNKs and NF-κB pathway. SHARPIN also promoted p38 signalling independent of TAK1 expression, by which overexpression of SHARPIN induced cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, enhanced migration and invasion of MyLa2059. Our work provided direct evidences for effects of SHARPIN on JNKs and NF-κB pathway, and the contributing roles of JNKs, NF-κB and p38 pathway regulated by SHARPIN in the development of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingna Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanhua Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Hurabielle C, Michel L, Ram-Wolff C, Battistella M, Jean-Louis F, Beylot-Barry M, d’Incan M, Bensussan A, Bagot M. Expression of Sézary Biomarkers in the Blood of Patients with Erythrodermic Mycosis Fungoides. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:317-20. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma: an Update on Pathogenesis and Systemic Therapy. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2015; 10:468-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-015-0293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Henn A, Michel L, Fite C, Deschamps L, Ortonne N, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Marinho E, Beylot-Barry M, Bagot M, Laroche L, Crickx B, Maubec E. Sézary syndrome without erythroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 72:1003-9.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Promoter-Specific Hypomethylation Is Associated with Overexpression of PLS3, GATA6, and TWIST1 in the Sezary Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2084-2092. [PMID: 25806852 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Sézary Syndrome (SS) is an aggressive CD4+ leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Epigenetic modification of cancer cell genome is often linked to the expression of important cancer-related genes. Here we addressed the hypothesis that, in SS, DNA hypomethylation is involved in upregulation of PLS3, GATA6, and TWIST1, genes that are undetected in normal lymphocytes. Pyrosequencing analysis of CpG rich regions, and CpG dinucleotides within the 5' regulatory regions, confirmed hypomethylation of all three genes in SS, compared with controls. We then studied how methylation regulates PLS3 transcription in vitro using PLS3-negative (Jurkat) and PLS3-positive (HT-1080) cell lines. Treatment with the hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine induced PLS3 expression in Jurkat cells and in vitro methylation of the cloned PLS3 promoter suppressed luciferase expression in HT-1080 cells. In conclusion, we show that promoter hypomethylation is associated with PLS3, GATA6, and TWIST1 overexpression in SS CD4+ T cells and that methylation can regulate PLS3 expression in vitro. The mechanisms of DNA hypomethylation in vivo and the functional role of PLS3, TWIST1, and GATA6 in SS are being investigated.
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Dugas-Breit S, Schulze HJ, Hallermann C. Neue und altbewährte Therapieoptionen bei Mycosis fungoides und Sézary-Syndrom - eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12376_suppl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Scarisbrick J, Kim Y, Whittaker S, Wood G, Vermeer M, Prince H, Quaglino P. Prognostic factors, prognostic indices and staging in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: where are we now? Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:1226-36. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.J. Scarisbrick
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Birmingham; Birmingham U.K
| | - Y.H. Kim
- Stanford Cancer Centre & School of Medicine; Stanford CA U.S.A
| | - S.J. Whittaker
- Department of Dermatology; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust; London U.K
| | - G.S. Wood
- Department of Dermatology; University of Wisconsin and Middleton VA Medical Center; Madison WI U.S.A
| | - M.H. Vermeer
- Department of Dermatology; Leiden University Medical Centre; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - H.M. Prince
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - P. Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences; Dermatologic Clinic; University of Torino; Turin Italy
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Dugas-Breit S, Schulze HJ, Hallermann C. New and established treatment options for mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome - an update. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2014; 12:561-9. [PMID: 24889480 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At the time of diagnosis primary cutaneous lymphomas are limited to the skin. T-cell lymphomas represent at least two thirds of all primary cutaneous lymphomas with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome being the most frequent entities. A precise staging based on clinical, histological, immunohistological and molecular biological criteria is crucial for selecting the appropriate therapy. Since curative treatment is only possible in exceptional cases, the aim of any therapy is to achieve healing of the skin lesions, minimizing relapses, preventing progression and maintaining the quality of life. While in early disease stages skin-directed therapy is being used, in later stages systemic treatments become more important. This work aims to provide an overview of established and new therapies for the treatment of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.
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Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS), a type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis, is characterized by erythroderma and leukemic involvement. Because of the rarity of SS and difficulty in diagnosis, data on this aggressive malignancy are scarce. In this review, the diagnosis and pathology of SS are summarized and an update is provided, highlighting microscopic features and novel molecular findings. The diagnostic challenge of SS is described, with an emphasis on the differential diagnosis of erythroderma and key points in distinguishing SS from other cutaneous T-cell malignancies. Finally, the prognosis is discussed, focusing on large, recent studies of SS patients.
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Use of PLS3, Twist, CD158k/KIR3DL2, and NKp46 gene expression combination for reliable Sézary syndrome diagnosis. Blood 2013; 121:1477-8. [PMID: 23429988 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-10-460535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Szkandera J, Winder T, Stotz M, Weissmueller M, Langsenlehner T, Pichler M, Samonigg H, Renner W, Gerger A, Absenger G. A common gene variant in PLS3 predicts colon cancer recurrence in women. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2183-8. [PMID: 23549633 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that PLS3 (T-Plastin), an important member of the actin filamentous network, significantly influences cell invasion and metastasis. Germline polymorphisms within the PLS3 gene may impact the gene's function, resulting in inter-individual differences in tumor recurrence capacity. In the present study, we investigated the association of germline polymorphisms in PLS3 to predict time to recurrence (TTR) in patients with stage II and III colon cancer. A total of 264 patients with histologically confirmed colon cancer were included in this retrospective study. Germline DNA was genotyped for rs871773 C>T, rs757124 C>G, rs1557770 G>T, rs6643869 G>A, and rs2522188 C>T in the PLS3 gene by 5'-exonuclease (TaqMan™) technology. As the PLS3 gene is located on the X chromosome, a gender-specific statistical analysis was performed. In univariate analysis, the minor allele of PLS3 rs871773 C>T was significantly associated with decreased TTR in women (hazard ratio (HR) = 5.02; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.251-20.114; p = 0.023) and remained significantly associated in multivariate analysis (HR = 6.165; 95 % CI = 1.538-24.716; p = 0.010). Female patients carrying the C/T genotype in PLS3 rs871773 showed a median TTR of 69 months. In contrast, female patients with homozygous C/C had a median TTR of 112 months. There were no significant associations between PLS3 rs871773 C>T and TTR in male and between the other polymorphisms and TTR in male or female colon cancer patients. In conclusion, we identified a common gene variant in PLS3 as an independent prognostic marker in female patients with stage II and III colon cancer. Larger prospective trials are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szkandera
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Inducible expression and pathophysiologic functions of T-plastin in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2012; 120:143-54. [PMID: 22627769 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-09-379156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular feature of Sézary syndrome (SS) is the abnormal expression of T-plastin by malignant T cells. Herein, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in T-plastin synthesis and the functions of this actin-binding protein, with a special interest in chemoresistance and migration. We confirm the specific expression of T-plastin in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from SS patients and its total absence in PBLs from patients with mycosis fungoides, inflammatory cutaneous or hematologic diseases, and from healthy volunteers. Only 3 of 4 SS patients did constitutively express T-plastin. To assess whether T-plastin expression was inducible, T-plastin-negative PBLs were stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin. Our results demonstrate that T-plastin synthesis was induced in negative PBLs from SS patients, other studied patients, and healthy volunteers. Both constitutive and calcium-induced T-plastin expression was down-regulated by calcineurin inhibitors and involved nuclear factor of activated T cells transcription pathway. Constitutive T-plastin expression in SS was associated with resistance to etoposide-induced apoptosis and cell migration toward chemokines (TARC/CCL17, IP-10). In conclusion, T-plastin is a marker restricted to malignant lymphocytes from SS patients and plays a role for cell survival and migration. This opens new strategies for the treatment of SS advanced stages.
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Regulation of T-plastin expression by promoter hypomethylation in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2042-9. [PMID: 22495182 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
T-plastin (PLS3) is an actin-bundling protein normally expressed in epithelial cells but absent in cells of hematopoietic origin. Aberrant PLS3 expression has been demonstrated in lymphocytes from Sézary syndrome (SS) patients and has been proposed as a biomarker for SS; however, the mechanism underlying dysregulation of PLS3 has not been determined. In this study, PLS3 mRNA expression was demonstrated in 21/35 (60%) SS patients and in 3/8 (38%) mycosis fungoides patients, all of whom had clonal blood involvement. No evidence for PLS3 mutations within coding or promoter regions was found, but significant hypomethylation of CpG dinucleotides 95-99 within the PLS3 CpG island was observed and this was restricted to the PLS3+ population. A polyclonal antibody specific to PLS3 was raised to examine coexpression of PLS3 with a panel of T-cell differentiation markers. All PLS3+ cells were CD3+CD4+ and CD26-, suggesting that loss of CD26 is consistently associated with gain of PLS3, whereas all other markers were distributed heterogeneously. However, a patient-specific TCR copy number assay also demonstrated heterogeneity in PLS3 expression in tumor cell populations. Importantly, our findings demonstrate PLS3 expression in the majority of SS patients and provide insight into the molecular regulation of PLS3 expression in CTCL.
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Plastin family of actin-bundling proteins: its functions in leukocytes, neurons, intestines, and cancer. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:213492. [PMID: 22262972 PMCID: PMC3259490 DOI: 10.1155/2012/213492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophisticated regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by a variety of actin-binding proteins is essential for eukaryotic cells to perform their diverse functions. The plastin (also know, as fimbrin) protein family belongs to actin-bundling proteins, and the protein family is evolutionarily conserved and expressed in yeast, plant, and animal cells. Plastins are characterized by EF-hand Ca2+-binding domains and actin-binding domains and can cross-link actin filaments into higher-order assemblies like bundles. Three isoforms have been identified in mammals. T-plastin is expressed in cells from solid tissues, such as neurons in the brain. I-plastin expression is restricted to intestine and kidney; the isoform plays a vital role in the function of absorptive epithelia in these organs. L-plastin is expressed in hematopoietic cell lineages and in many types of cancer cells; the isoform is thus considered to be a useful biomarker for cancer.
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Wong HK, Mishra A, Hake T, Porcu P. Evolving insights in the pathogenesis and therapy of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome). Br J Haematol 2011; 155:150-66. [PMID: 21883142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies derived from skin-homing T cells. The most common forms of CTCL are Mycosis Fungoides (MF) and Sezary Syndrome (SS). Accurate diagnosis remains a challenge due to the heterogeneity of presentation and the lack of highly characteristic immunophenotypical and genetic markers. Over the past decade molecular studies have improved our understanding of the biology of CTCL. The identification of gene expression differences between normal and malignant T-cells has led to promising new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that now need validation to be incorporated into clinical practice. These biomarkers may also provide insight into the mechanism of development of CTCL. Additionally, treatment options have expanded with the approval of new agents, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors. A better understanding of the cell biology, immunology and genetics underlying the development and progression of CTCL will allow the design of more rational treatment strategies for these malignancies. This review summarizes the clinical epidemiology, staging and natural history of MF and SS; discusses the immunopathogenesis of MF and the functional role of the malignant T-cells; and reviews the latest advances in MF and SS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry K Wong
- Division of Dermatology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA.
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