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Dai R, Wang T, Wu X. Autosomal dominant monilethrix with incomplete penetrance due to a novel KRT86 mutation in a Chinese family. An Bras Dermatol 2024:S0365-0596(24)00061-8. [PMID: 38594178 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianjie Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Nedoszytko B, Lewicka-Potocka Z, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Gleń J, Bykowska B, Świątecka - Czaj J, Nowicki R. Monilethrix in monozygotic twins with very rare mutation in KRT 86 gene. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:e409-e410. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Z. Lewicka-Potocka
- Dermatology Student s Scientific Association, Allergology and Venerology; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - A. Szczerkowska-Dobosz
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - J. Gleń
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - B. Bykowska
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - J. Świątecka - Czaj
- Dermatology Student s Scientific Association, Allergology and Venerology; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - R. Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
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Liu Y, Kang X, Yang W, Xie M, Zhang J, Fang M. Differential expression of KRT83 regulated by the transcript factor CAP1 in Chinese Tan sheep. Gene 2017; 614:15-20. [PMID: 28284878 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Keratin 83 (KRT83) is an important keratin protein in hair development. In this study, expression of KRT83 was compared among different tissues and between 1-month-old lambs and 48-month adult of Chinese Tan sheep, which showed different fleece phenotypes. The results showed that KRT83 was only expressed in skin, and KRT83 mRNA level in skin was significantly higher in Tan lambs than in adult sheep. To further understand the expression regulation of KRT83 by transcription factors in Tan sheep, amplified sequences coving different ranges of KRT83 promoter region were inserted into a pGL3-basic vector and then transfected into sheep primary fibroblast cells. Luciferase assay indicated that the sequence from -218bp to -10bp in the KRT83 promoter induced the highest transcription activity of the vector in the fibroblast cells. Transcription factor adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) was predicted by online tools within this region. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed binding of the purified CAP1 protein to the target core region from -88bp to -10bp, because mutation in the target core sequence resulted in failure of CAP1 binding to the target region. Moreover, overexpression of CAP1 protein led to repression of the KRT83 promoter activity in sheep primary fibroblast cells, and expression of CAP1 was lower in lambs than in adult sheep. Therefore, we concluded that CAP1 is a key transcription factor involved in negative regulation of KRT83 expression in Tan sheep skin. Our study provides new insights into the transcriptional regulation of KRT83 and further hints of its critical role in curly hair phenotype in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Kang
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Wanjie Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Minggui Xie
- Institute of Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiangxi 330200, PR China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - Meiying Fang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Kang X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Xu Q, Liu C, Fang M. Characteristics and Expression Profile of KRT71 Screened by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization cDNA Library in Curly Fleece Chinese Tan Sheep. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:552-564. [PMID: 28509589 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important commercial trait for sheep, curly fleece has a great economic impact on production costs and efficiency in sheep industry. To identify genes that are important for curly fleece formation in mammals, a suppression subtractive hybridization analysis was performed on the shoulder skin tissues exposed to two different growth stages of Chinese Tan sheep with different phenotypes (curly fleece and noncurling fleece). BLAST analysis identified 67 differentially expressed genes, of which 31 were expressed lower and 36 were expressed higher in lambs than in adult sheep. Differential expressions of seven randomly selected genes were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). KRT71 gene was selected for further study due to its high correlation with the curly hair phenotype in various mammal species. Semi-qPCR showed distinctively high expression of KRT71 in skin tissues. Moreover, qPCR result showed a significantly higher expression of KRT71 in curly fleece than noncurling Tan sheep. The luciferase assay and electrophoresis mobility shift assay showed that there were transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of KRT71 related to the differential expression of KRT71 at the two growth stages of Tan sheep. Online bioinformation tools predicted MFZ1 as a transcriptional factor that regulates the expression of KRT71. These studies on KRT71 gene revealed some mechanisms underlying the relationship between the KRT71 gene and the curly fleece phenotype of Tan sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Kang
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 College of Agriculture, Ningxia University , Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Liu
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- 3 Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa
| | - Qinqin Xu
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkun Liu
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiying Fang
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , Beijing, People's Republic of China .,4 Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Sinclair
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
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Viales RR, Eichstaedt CA, Ehlken N, Fischer C, Lichtblau M, Grünig E, Hinderhofer K. Mutation in BMPR2 Promoter: A 'Second Hit' for Manifestation of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133042. [PMID: 26167679 PMCID: PMC4500409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) can be caused by autosomal dominant inherited mutations of TGF-β genes, such as the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) and Endoglin (ENG) gene. Additional modifier genes may play a role in disease manifestation and severity. In this study we prospectively assessed two families with known BMPR2 or ENG mutations clinically and genetically and screened for a second mutation in the BMPR2 promoter region. METHODS We investigated the BMPR2 promoter region by direct sequencing in two index-patients with invasively confirmed diagnosis of HPAH, carrying a mutation in the BMPR2 and ENG gene, respectively. Sixteen family members have been assessed clinically by non-invasive methods and genetically by direct sequencing. RESULTS In both index patients with a primary BMPR2 deletion (exon 2 and 3) and Endoglin missense variant (c.1633G>A, p.(G545S)), respectively, we detected a second mutation (c.-669G>A) in the promoter region of the BMPR2 gene. The index patients with 2 mutations/variants were clinically severely affected at early age, whereas further family members with only one mutation had no manifest HPAH. CONCLUSION The finding of this study supports the hypothesis that additional mutations may lead to an early and severe manifestation of HPAH. This study shows for the first time that in the regulatory region of the BMPR2 gene the promoter may be important for disease penetrance. Further studies are needed to assess the incidence and clinical relevance of mutations of the BMPR2 promoter region in a larger patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rodríguez Viales
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for pulmonary hypertension of the Thoraxclinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina A Eichstaedt
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for pulmonary hypertension of the Thoraxclinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicola Ehlken
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for pulmonary hypertension of the Thoraxclinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Fischer
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mona Lichtblau
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for pulmonary hypertension of the Thoraxclinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Grünig
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for pulmonary hypertension of the Thoraxclinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Ramot Y, Zlotogorski A. Keratins: the hair shaft's backbone revealed. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:416-7. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Department of Dermatology; Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Abraham Zlotogorski
- Department of Dermatology; Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
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Redler S, Pasternack SM, Wolf S, Stienen D, Wenzel J, Nöthen MM, Betz RC. A novel KRT86 mutation in a Turkish family with monilethrix, and identification of maternal mosaicism. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 40:781-5. [PMID: 25809918 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monilethrix is a rare monogenic dystrophic hair loss disorder with high levels of intrafamilial and interfamilial variability. It is characterized by diffuse occipital or temporal alopecia, hair fragility and follicular hyperkeratosis of the occipital region. Mutations in the keratin genes KRT81, KRT83 and KRT86 lead to autosomal dominant monilethrix, whereas mutations in the desmoglein 4 gene (DSG4) cause an autosomal recessive form. AIM To identify the mutation in a consanguineous Turkish family with three affected children and apparently unaffected parents. METHODS Sequencing analysis of the genes DSG4 and KRT86 was performed. SNaPshot analysis was conducted to quantify the proportion of cells carrying the KRT86 mutation and to confirm maternal mosaicism of KRT86. RESULTS No pathogenic mutation was found by sequencing analysis of DSG4; however, analysis of KRT86 revealed a novel mutation, c.1231G>T;p.Glu411*, in exon 7 in the three affected children and their mother. The mutation signal was weaker in the mother than in the three siblings, and SNaPshot analysis revealed substantial mutation-level variation between the children and their mother. CONCLUSIONS Our results extend the spectrum of KRT86 mutations and indicate KRT86 mosaicism in the family examined. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to describe mosaicism for a monogenic hair loss disorder, and suggests that mosaicism leads to a mild manifestation of monilethrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Redler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S M Pasternack
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Wolf
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Stienen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R C Betz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Cooper DN, Krawczak M, Polychronakos C, Tyler-Smith C, Kehrer-Sawatzki H. Where genotype is not predictive of phenotype: towards an understanding of the molecular basis of reduced penetrance in human inherited disease. Hum Genet 2013; 132:1077-130. [PMID: 23820649 PMCID: PMC3778950 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Some individuals with a particular disease-causing mutation or genotype fail to express most if not all features of the disease in question, a phenomenon that is known as 'reduced (or incomplete) penetrance'. Reduced penetrance is not uncommon; indeed, there are many known examples of 'disease-causing mutations' that fail to cause disease in at least a proportion of the individuals who carry them. Reduced penetrance may therefore explain not only why genetic diseases are occasionally transmitted through unaffected parents, but also why healthy individuals can harbour quite large numbers of potentially disadvantageous variants in their genomes without suffering any obvious ill effects. Reduced penetrance can be a function of the specific mutation(s) involved or of allele dosage. It may also result from differential allelic expression, copy number variation or the modulating influence of additional genetic variants in cis or in trans. The penetrance of some pathogenic genotypes is known to be age- and/or sex-dependent. Variable penetrance may also reflect the action of unlinked modifier genes, epigenetic changes or environmental factors. At least in some cases, complete penetrance appears to require the presence of one or more genetic variants at other loci. In this review, we summarize the evidence for reduced penetrance being a widespread phenomenon in human genetics and explore some of the molecular mechanisms that may help to explain this enigmatic characteristic of human inherited disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
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