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Czegle I, Gray AL, Wang M, Liu Y, Wang J, Wappler-Guzzetta EA. Mitochondria and Their Relationship with Common Genetic Abnormalities in Hematologic Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1351. [PMID: 34947882 PMCID: PMC8707674 DOI: 10.3390/life11121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are known to be associated with numerous cytogenetic and molecular genetic changes. In addition to morphology, immunophenotype, cytochemistry and clinical characteristics, these genetic alterations are typically required to diagnose myeloid, lymphoid, and plasma cell neoplasms. According to the current World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, numerous genetic changes are highlighted, often defining a distinct subtype of a disease, or providing prognostic information. This review highlights how these molecular changes can alter mitochondrial bioenergetics, cell death pathways, mitochondrial dynamics and potentially be related to mitochondrial genetic changes. A better understanding of these processes emphasizes potential novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Czegle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Austin L. Gray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Minjing Wang
- Independent Researcher, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, USA;
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Edina A. Wappler-Guzzetta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (A.L.G.); (Y.L.); (J.W.)
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Bi L, Ma T, Li X, Wei L, Liu Z, Feng B, Dong B, Chen X. New progress in the study of germline susceptibility genes of myeloid neoplasms. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:317. [PMID: 33692849 PMCID: PMC7933751 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016, the World Health Organization incorporated ‘myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition’ into its classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, revealing the important role of germline mutations in certain myeloid neoplasms, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. The awareness of germline susceptibility has increased, and some patients with myeloid neoplasms present with a preexisting disorder or organ dysfunction. In such cases, mutations in genes including CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (CEBPA), DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 41 (DDX41), RUNX family transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and ETS variant transcription factor 6 (ETV6) have been recognized. Moreover, with the application of advanced technologies and reports of more cases, additional germline mutations associated with myeloid neoplasms have been identified and provide insights into the formation, prognosis and therapy of myeloid neoplasms. The present review discusses the well-known CEBPA, DDX41, RUNX1, GATA2, JAK2 and ETV6 germline mutations, and other mutations including those of lymphocyte adapter protein/SH2B adapter protein 3 and duplications of autophagy related 2B, GSK3B interacting protein αnd RB binding protein 6, ubiquitin ligase, that remain to be confirmed or explored. Recommendations for the management of diseases associated with germline mutations are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bi
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Tianyuan Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lai Wei
- College of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zinuo Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Bingyue Feng
- College of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Baoxia Dong
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiequn Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.,Hematology and Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University and Xian No. 3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710082, P.R. China
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Roles of HIF and 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases in Controlling Gene Expression in Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020350. [PMID: 33477877 PMCID: PMC7832865 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia—reduction in oxygen availability—plays key roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Given the importance of oxygen for cell and organism viability, mechanisms to sense and respond to hypoxia are in place. A variety of enzymes utilise molecular oxygen, but of particular importance to oxygen sensing are the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDs). Of these, Prolyl-hydroxylases have long been recognised to control the levels and function of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF), a master transcriptional regulator in hypoxia, via their hydroxylase activity. However, recent studies are revealing that such dioxygenases are involved in almost all aspects of gene regulation, including chromatin organisation, transcription and translation. Abstract Hypoxia—reduction in oxygen availability—plays key roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Given the importance of oxygen for cell and organism viability, mechanisms to sense and respond to hypoxia are in place. A variety of enzymes utilise molecular oxygen, but of particular importance to oxygen sensing are the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDs). Of these, Prolyl-hydroxylases have long been recognised to control the levels and function of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF), a master transcriptional regulator in hypoxia, via their hydroxylase activity. However, recent studies are revealing that dioxygenases are involved in almost all aspects of gene regulation, including chromatin organisation, transcription and translation. We highlight the relevance of HIF and 2-OGDs in the control of gene expression in response to hypoxia and their relevance to human biology and health.
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Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) are aggressive myeloid malignancies recognized as a distinct category owing to their unique combination of dysplastic and proliferative features. Although current classification schemes still emphasize morphology and exclusionary criteria, disease-defining somatic mutations and/or germline predisposition alleles are increasingly incorporated into diagnostic algorithms. The developing picture suggests that phenotypes are driven mostly by epigenetic mechanisms that reflect a complex interplay between genotype, physiological processes such as ageing and interactions between malignant haematopoietic cells and the stromal microenvironment of the bone marrow. Despite the rapid accumulation of genetic knowledge, therapies have remained nonspecific and largely inefficient. In this Review, we discuss the pathogenesis of MDS/MPN, focusing on the relationship between genotype and phenotype and the molecular underpinnings of epigenetic dysregulation. Starting with the limitations of current therapies, we also explore how the available mechanistic data may be harnessed to inform strategies to develop rational and more effective treatments, and which gaps in our knowledge need to be filled to translate biological understanding into clinical progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W N Deininger
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Eric Solary
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy, Faculté de médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
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Abstract
RUNX1 is a member of the core-binding factor family of transcription factors and is indispensable for the establishment of definitive hematopoiesis in vertebrates. RUNX1 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in a variety of hematological malignancies. Germ line mutations in RUNX1 cause familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancies. Somatic mutations and chromosomal rearrangements involving RUNX1 are frequently observed in myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemias of myeloid and lymphoid lineages, that is, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. More recent studies suggest that the wild-type RUNX1 is required for growth and survival of certain types of leukemia cells. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current status of our understanding about the role of RUNX1 in hematological malignancies.
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Li MJ, Yang YL, Lee NC, Jou ST, Lu MY, Chang HH, Lin KH, Peng CT, Lin DT. Tet oncogene family member 2 gene alterations in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 115:801-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Nguyen TB, Sakata-Yanagimoto M, Nakamoto-Matsubara R, Enami T, Ito Y, Kobayashi T, Obara N, Hasegawa Y, Chiba S. Double somatic mosaic mutations in TET2 and DNMT3A--origin of peripheral T cell lymphoma in a case. Ann Hematol 2015; 94:1221-3. [PMID: 25687841 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-015-2332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tran B Nguyen
- Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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Woods GM, Bajwa RPS, Kahwash SB, Guinipero T. Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a One-Year-Old Girl Diagnosed with JAK2-V617F Mutation Positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasm. Case Rep Med 2014; 2014:473297. [PMID: 24744787 PMCID: PMC3976921 DOI: 10.1155/2014/473297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of clonal disorders characterized by hyperproliferation of hematologic cell lines and have been associated with tyrosine kinase JAK2-V617F mutations. Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) is a known complication of JAK2-V617F+ MPNs and bears a poor prognosis. Although the evolution of a JAK2-V617F+ MPN to a mixed-lineage leukemia has been reported in the pediatric population, no evolutions into sAML have been described. We present a case of a one-year-old girl diagnosed with JAK2-V617F+ MPN with evolution into sAML. Despite initial morphologic remission, she eventually relapsed and succumbed to her disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Woods
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Rajinder P S Bajwa
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Samir B Kahwash
- Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Terri Guinipero
- Department of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012; 25:718-28. [PMID: 23147811 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0b013e32835af239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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