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Papadopoulos C, Panopoulou M, Anagnostopoulos K, Tentes I. Immune and Metabolic Interactions of Human Erythrocytes: A Molecular Perspective. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:843-853. [PMID: 33148159 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666201104115016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apart from their main function as oxygen carriers in vertebrates, erythrocytes are also involved in immune regulation. By circulating throughout the body, the erythrocytes are exposed and interact with tissues that are damaged as a result of a disease. In this study, we summarize the literature regarding the contribution of erythrocytes to immune regulation and metabolism. Under the circumstances of a disease state, the erythrocytes may lose their antioxidant capacity and release Damage Associated Molecular Patterns, resulting in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. In addition, the erythrocytes scavenge and affect the levels of chemokines, circulating cell-free mtDNA, and C3b attached immune complexes. Furthermore, through surface molecules, erythrocytes control the function of T lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Through an array of enzymes, red blood cells contribute to the pool of blood's bioactive lipids. Finally, the erythrocytes contribute to reverse cholesterol transport through various mechanisms. Our study is highlighting overlooked molecular interactions between erythrocytes and immunity and metabolism, which could lead to the discovery of potent therapeutic targets for immunometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Panopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Tentes
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Karsten E, Breen E, McCracken SA, Clarke S, Herbert BR. Red blood cells exposed to cancer cells in culture have altered cytokine profiles and immune function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7727. [PMID: 32382026 PMCID: PMC7206002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now accepted that red blood cells (RBCs) from healthy individuals regulate T-cell activity through modulating cytokine interactions, and that stored RBCs or RBCs from inflammatory cohorts are dysfunctional. Our study aimed to investigate how changes in RBCs that have been intentionally modified can affect T-cell activity as a mechanistic test of this modification. Exposure to a cancer cell line in culture was used to alter the cytokine profile of intact RBCs and the effect of these modified RBCs (ccRBCs) on T-cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. We used RBCs from healthy volunteers and quantified cytokines in RBC lysates and conditioned media using Luminex technology. During in vitro cancer cell exposure, RBCs sequestered a variety of cytokines including IL-8, bFGF, and VEGF. Although unmodified RBCs (oRBCs) stimulated proliferation of T-cells (Jurkat cells and peripheral blood mononucleated cells), ccRBCs augmented this proliferative response (3.5-fold and 1.9-fold more respectively). Unlike oRBCs, T-cells stimulated with ccRBCs were no longer protected from phytohemagglutinin-P-driven overexpression of GATA-3 and T-bet and these T-cells were induced to secrete a variety of cytokines including IL-17 and MCP-3. This study supports the hypothesis that RBCs are capable of binding and releasing cytokines in blood, and that modification of these cells can then also affect the T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Karsten
- Translational Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia. .,Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Sangui Bio Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Sharon A McCracken
- Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen Clarke
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Cancer Services, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, Sydney, Australia
| | - Benjamin R Herbert
- Translational Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Sangui Bio Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia
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3
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The emerging role of red blood cells in cytokine signalling and modulating immune cells. Blood Rev 2019; 41:100644. [PMID: 31812320 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For many years red blood cells have been described as inert bystanders rather than participants in intercellular signalling, immune function, and inflammatory processes. However, studies are now reporting that red blood cells from healthy individuals regulate immune cell activity and maturation, and red blood cells from disease cohorts are dysfunctional. These cells have now been shown to bind more than 50 cytokines and have been described as a sink for these molecules, and the loss of this activity has been correlated with disease progression. In this review, we summarise what is currently understood about the role of red blood cells in cytokine signalling and in modulating the activity of immune cells. We also discuss the implications of these findings for transfusion medicine and in furthering our understanding of anaemia of chronic inflammation. By bringing these disparate units of work together, we aim to shine a light on an area that requires significantly more investigation.
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Karsten E, Hill CJ, Herbert BR. Red blood cells: The primary reservoir of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in whole blood. Cytokine 2017; 102:34-40. [PMID: 29275011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells are widely accepted to be inert carriers of oxygen and haemoglobin, but there is growing evidence that they play a much more critical role in immune function. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key cytokine in disease with additional oxido-reductase activity, which aids in managing oxidative stress. Although two studies have reported the presence of MIF in red blood cells, no study has quantified the levels of this protein. In this study, freshly isolated plasma, platelets, leukocytes, and red blood cells from healthy individuals were collected and the concentration of MIF was determined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. This analysis demonstrated that MIF in red blood cells was present at 25 µg per millilitre of whole blood, which is greater than99% of the total MIF and 1000-fold higher concentration than plasma. This result was supported by electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, which identified MIF in its monomer structural form following sample processing. Furthermore, by assessing the level of tautomerase activity in red blood cell fractions in the presence of a MIF inhibitor, it was determined that the red blood cell-derived MIF was also functionally active. Together, these findings have implications on the effect of haemolysis during sample preparation and provide some clue into the inflammatory processes that occur following haemolysis in vivo. These results support the hypothesis that red blood cells are a major reservoir of this inflammatory protein and may play a role in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Karsten
- Translational Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Sangui Bio Pty Ltd, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Cameron J Hill
- Translational Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Sangui Bio Pty Ltd, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | - Benjamin R Herbert
- Translational Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; Sangui Bio Pty Ltd, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Yang X, Jiao J, Han G, Gong W, Wang P, Xiong X, Wen B. Enhanced Expression of T-Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain Protein 3 in Endothelial Cells Facilitates Intracellular Killing of Rickettsia heilongjiangensis. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:71-9. [PMID: 26401029 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rickettsia heilongjiangensis is the pathogen of Far eastern spotted fever, and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein 3 (Tim-3) is expressed in human vascular endothelial cells, the major target cells of rickettsiae. In the present study, we investigated the effects of altered Tim-3 expression in vivo in mice and in vitro in human endothelial cells, on day 3 after R. heilongjiangensis infection. Compared with corresponding controls, rickettsial burdens both in vivo and in vitro were significantly higher with blocked Tim-3 signaling or silenced Tim-3 and significantly lower with overexpressed Tim-3. Additionally, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interferon γ in endothelial cells with blocked Tim-3 signaling or silenced Tim-3 was significantly lower, while the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, interferon γ, and tumor necrosis factor α in transgenic mice with Tim-3 overexpression was significantly higher. These results reveal that enhanced Tim-3 expression facilitates intracellular rickettsial killing in a nitric oxide-dependent manner in endothelial cells during the early phase of rickettsial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
| | - Jun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
| | - Gencheng Han
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Wenping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Department of Clinical Laboratory, 105th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
| | - Bohai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
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Shin DY, Kim I, Kim JH, Lee YG, Kang EJ, Cho HJ, Lee KH, Kim HJ, Park EH, Lee JE, Bae JY, See CJ, Yoon SS, Park SS, Han KS, Park MH, Hong YC, Park S, Kim BK. RANTES polymorphisms and the risk of graft-versus-host disease in human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Acta Haematol 2012. [PMID: 23207898 DOI: 10.1159/000343273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) polymorphisms and clinical outcomes in patients treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Three RANTES gene polymorphisms, i.e., -403G/A (rs2107538), -28C/G (rs2280788) and In1.1T/C (rs2280789), were genotyped, and the effects of the genotypes and haplotypes of RANTES on clinical outcomes were analyzed. The competing risk regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the polymorphisms and the cumulative risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). An AGC haplotype in a recessive model showed significant harmful effects on the cumulative risk of acute GVHD and relapse-free survival (adjusted hazard ratios 2.42 and 2.71, 95% confidence intervals 1.29-4.55 and 1.30-5.64; p = 0.018 and 0.024, respectively), whereas a GCT haplotype did not. RANTES polymorphisms were not significantly associated with overall survival and the risk of chronic GVHD. This study suggests that RANTES polymorphisms might be associated with the occurrence of acute GVHD rather than of chronic GVHD and also of relapse-free survival in the patients treated with allo-HSCT. Further larger prospective investigations are needed to establish the role of RANTES polymorphisms in patients treated with allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeop Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Gueders MM, Hirst SJ, Quesada-Calvo F, Paulissen G, Hacha J, Gilles C, Gosset P, Louis R, Foidart JM, Lopez-Otin C, Noël A, Cataldo DD. Matrix metalloproteinase-19 deficiency promotes tenascin-C accumulation and allergen-induced airway inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 43:286-95. [PMID: 19843707 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0426oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) recently appeared as key regulators of inflammation, allowing the recruitment and clearance of inflammatory cells and modifying the biological activity of many peptide mediators by cleavage. MMP-19 is newly described, and it preferentially cleaves matrix proteins such as collagens and tenascin-C. The role of MMP-19 in asthma has not been described to date. The present study sought to assess the expression of MMP-19 in a murine asthma model, and to address the biological effects of MMP-19 deficiency in mice. Allergen-exposed, wild-type mice displayed increased expression of MMP-19 mRNA and an increased number of MMP-19-positive cells in the lungs, as detected by immunohistochemistry. After an allergen challenge of MMP-19 knockout (MMP-19(-/-)) mice, exacerbated eosinophilic inflammation was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial tissue, along with increased airway responsiveness to methacholine. A shift toward increased T helper-2 lymphocyte (Th2)-driven inflammation in MMP-19(-/-) mice was demonstrated by (1) increased numbers of cells expressing the IL-33 receptor T(1)/ST(2) in lung parenchyma, (2) increased IgG(1) levels in serum, and (3) higher levels of IL-13 and eotaxin-1 in lung extracts. Tenascin-C was found to accumulate in peribronchial areas of MMP-19(-/-) after allergen challenges, as assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. We conclude that MMP-19 is a new mediator in asthma, preventing tenascin-C accumulation and directly or indirectly controlling Th2-driven airway eosinophilia and airway hyperreactivity. Our data suggest that MMP-19 may act on Th2 inflammation homeostasis by preventing the accumulation of tenascin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud M Gueders
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Liege and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Belgium
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Fuentes-Beltrán A, Montes-Vizuet R, Valencia-Maqueda E, Negrete-García MC, García-Cruz MDL, Teran LM. Chemokine CC-ligand 5 production and eosinophil activation into the upper airways of aspirin-sensitive patients. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:491-9. [PMID: 19226274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway eosinophilia is a hallmark of aspirin-sensitive asthma/rhinitis. OBJECTIVE We have investigated chemokine CC-ligand 5 (CCL5) production and its association with eosinophil activation in the upper airways of aspirin-sensitive patients both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Twenty aspirin-sensitive asthma/rhinosinusitis patients, 18 atopic-tolerant asthma/rhinosinusitis patients and 15 healthy control subjects took part in the study. All subjects were challenged with saline and lysine-acetylsalicylic acid (L-asa) on separate occasions. Nasal lavages were obtained at baseline and 120 min after challenge and analysed for mediators' release. RESULTS When compared with control subjects, the baseline levels of CCL5 were significantly increased in both sensitive and tolerant patients (there was no significant difference in CCL5 concentrations between these two groups, P>0.05). However, L-asa nasal challenge induced significantly increased levels of CCL5 in the sensitive patients but not in the tolerant subjects (median: 380 vs. 140 pg/mL, P<0.0001). Similarly, the concentrations of both eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and cysteinil leukotriene (cys-LTs) were increased significantly in the aspirin-sensitive but not in the tolerant patients. There was a trend towards a significant correlation between CCL5 and ECP concentrations in the sensitive patients following L-ASA challenge. On incubation with aspirin, nasal tissue derived from aspirin-sensitive but not that derived from tolerant subjects released increased CCL5 levels in culture. As determined by immunohistochemistry, CCL5 was predominantly localized to the nasal airway epithelium. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings suggest that CCL5 is released in aspirin-sensitive asthma/rhinosinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fuentes-Beltrán
- Department of Immunogenetics and Allergy, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada Tlalpan, México
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Yang J, Cho B, Choi I, Kim DH, Kim SD, Koh HS, Ro H, Oh KH, Chung J, Kim JY, Ahn C, Kim S, Lee JS. Molecular Characterization of Miniature Porcine RANTES and its Chemotactic Effect on Human Mononuclear Cells. Transplantation 2006; 82:1229-33. [PMID: 17102777 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000235603.19527.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the potential role of porcine RANTES (Regulated upon Activation Normal T cells Expressed and Secreted) in xenograft rejection, we investigated its chemotactic activity for human mononuclear cells, as well as the effect of human cytokines on its expression in porcine endothelial cells. Porcine RANTES cDNA was successfully cloned from aortic endothelial cells of miniature pigs, and its protein expression was induced by transfection. Its deduced amino acid sequence was 83.5% identical to that of human RANTES. Porcine RANTES triggered transmigration of human mononuclear cells across the species barrier, and this chemotactic effect was suppressed by anti-RANTES neutralizing antibodies. The chemotactic effect of porcine RANTES was most prominent on human monocytes. Human tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced significant expression of porcine RANTES messenger RNA in endothelial cells; however both human interferon-gamma and interleukin-1beta failed. These results suggest that porcine RANTES can play an important role in xenotransplant rejection, through participating in the interaction between porcine endothelial cells and human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 6:67-9. [PMID: 16505615 DOI: 10.1097/01.all.0000202355.95779.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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