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Salas-Labadía C, Gómez-Carmona S, Cruz-Alcívar R, Martínez-Anaya D, Del Castillo-Ruiz V, Durán-McKinster C, Ulloa-Avilés V, Yokoyama-Rebollar E, Ruiz-Herrera A, Navarrete-Meneses P, Lieberman-Hernández E, González-Del Angel A, Cervantes-Barragán D, Villarroel-Cortés C, Reyes-León A, Suárez-Pérez D, Pedraza-Meléndez A, González-Orsuna A, Pérez-Vera P. Genetic and clinical characterization of 73 Pigmentary Mosaicism patients: revealing the genetic basis of clinical manifestations. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:259. [PMID: 31730496 PMCID: PMC6858688 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigmentary mosaicism constitutes a heterogeneous group of skin pigmentation alterations associated with multisystem involvement. The aim of this study was to establish a complete cytogenetic and molecular characterization of PM patients, emphasizing on searching for possible low chromosomal mosaicism and on establishing an accurate genotype-phenotype correlation. RESULTS A total of 73 patients were included (3 months to 18 years of age), 52% male and 48% female. Observed in 69 (95%) patients, the most frequent pattern of pigmentation was fine and whorled BL, which was associated with disseminated skin extent in 41 (59%) patients. Central nervous system (84%) alterations were the most frequent observed in the group of patients, followed by the musculoskeletal (53%) and ophthalmologic (27%) alterations. Considering the pattern of pigmentation, no significant differences in association with skin extent or extracutaneous manifestations were detected. Following a strict cytogenetic analysis strategy, screening metaphases from three different tissues (peripheral blood, hyperpigmented and hypopigmented skin) we found that 23/73 patients had chromosomal abnormalities classified as follows: 1) Mosaic with 2 or more different cell lines with structural alterations n = 19; 2) Polyploidy (mosaic) n = 1 and 3) Alterations in all cells in three different tissues n = 3. SNP array, array CGH and FISH were useful for the complete characterization of the chromosomal aberrations, for the detection of microdeletions in patients with normal karyotype but with strong clinical suspicious of chromosomal alteration, and for a better establishment of genotype-phenotype correlation. In 2 patients we found genes associated with some of the extracutaneous manifestations (SHH, MNX1, PPP2R2C). CONCLUSIONS This group of 73 patients finely described is the largest series of patients with pigmentary mosaicism reported worldwide. As we showed in this study, the followed analysis strategy allowed the detection of cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities, and made possible the establishment of genotype-phenotype associations in some patients. An important limitation of our study was the analysis of fibroblasts cultures instead of melanocytes and keratinocytes. In some cases the direct molecular DNA analysis of skin biopsy could be another choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salas-Labadía
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S Gómez-Carmona
- Departamento de Genética Médica, Centro de Rehabilitación e Inclusión Infantil Teletón, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.,Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - R Cruz-Alcívar
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Citogenética, Genos Médica, Centro Especializado en Genética, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - D Martínez-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - V Del Castillo-Ruiz
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C Durán-McKinster
- Departamento de Dermatología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - V Ulloa-Avilés
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - E Yokoyama-Rebollar
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Ruiz-Herrera
- Hospital de Especialidades Pediátrico de León, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - P Navarrete-Meneses
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - E Lieberman-Hernández
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A González-Del Angel
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - C Villarroel-Cortés
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Reyes-León
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - D Suárez-Pérez
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Pedraza-Meléndez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A González-Orsuna
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - P Pérez-Vera
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Bouzon AC, Meireles BCDS, Souza IV, Dias FV, Goldschmidt B. Palmoplantar depigmentation in Macaca fascicularis following Blaschko linear pattern. J Med Primatol 2019; 49:52-55. [PMID: 31657466 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypomelanosis of Ito is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome, characterized by streaks and swirls of hypopigmentation arranged in a Blaschkoid pattern. Other associated anomalies are observed. We report a case of a male cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) who presented the characteristic of hypomelanosis of Ito with palmoplantar involvement and polythelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Crespo Bouzon
- Serviço de Criação de Primatas Não-Humanos, ICTB, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Igo Vieira Souza
- Serviço de Criação de Primatas Não-Humanos, ICTB, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Beatriz Goldschmidt
- Serviço de Criação de Primatas Não-Humanos, ICTB, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Kromann AB, Ousager LB, Ali IKM, Aydemir N, Bygum A. Pigmentary mosaicism: a review of original literature and recommendations for future handling. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:39. [PMID: 29506540 PMCID: PMC5839061 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pigmentary mosaicism is a term that describes varied patterns of pigmentation in the skin caused by genetic heterogeneity of the skin cells. In a substantial number of cases, pigmentary mosaicism is observed alongside extracutaneous abnormalities typically involving the central nervous system and the musculoskeletal system. We have compiled information on previous cases of pigmentary mosaicism aiming to optimize the handling of patients with this condition. Our study is based on a database search in PubMed containing papers written in English, published between January 1985 and April 2017. The search yielded 174 relevant and original articles, detailing a total number of 651 patients. Results Forty-three percent of the patients exhibited hyperpigmentation, 50% exhibited hypopigmentation, and 7% exhibited a combination of hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. Fifty-six percent exhibited extracutaneous manifestations. The presence of extracutaneous manifestations in each subgroup varied: 32% in patients with hyperpigmentation, 73% in patients with hypopigmentation, and 83% in patients with combined hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. Cytogenetic analyses were performed in 40% of the patients: peripheral blood lymphocytes were analysed in 48%, skin fibroblasts in 5%, and both analyses were performed in 40%. In the remaining 7% the analysed cell type was not specified. Forty-two percent of the tested patients exhibited an abnormal karyotype; 84% of those presented a mosaic state and 16% presented a non-mosaic structural or numerical abnormality. In patients with extracutaneous manifestations, 43% of the cytogenetically tested patients exhibited an abnormal karyotype. In patients without extracutaneous manifestations, 32% of the cytogenetically tested patients exhibited an abnormal karyotype. Conclusion We recommend a uniform parlance when describing the clinical picture of pigmentary mosaicism. Based on the results found in this review, we recommend that patients with pigmentary mosaicism undergo physical examination, highlighting with Wood’s light, and karyotyping from peripheral blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts. It is important that both patients with and without extracutaneous manifestations are tested cytogenetically, as the frequency of abnormal karyotype in the two groups seems comparable. According to the results only a minor part of patients, especially those without extracutaneous manifestations, are tested today reflecting a need for change in clinical practice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0778-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boye Kromann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4 , Entrance 142, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lilian Bomme Ousager
- Department of Clinical Genetics, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, Entrance 24, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Inas Kamal Mohammad Ali
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4 , Entrance 142, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Nurcan Aydemir
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4 , Entrance 142, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anette Bygum
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4 , Entrance 142, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
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Park MY, Jin H, You HS, Shim WH, Kim GW, Kim HS, Kim BS, Kim MB, Ko HC. Pigmentary mosaicism with trisomy 7. J Dermatol 2017; 45:e47-e48. [PMID: 29047159 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyunju Jin
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyang-Suk You
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo-Haing Shim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.,Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Gun-Wook Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hoon-Soo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Moon-Bum Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Chang Ko
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.,Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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