1
|
Bahador M, Cross AS. Review: From therapy to experimental model: a hundred years of endotoxin administration to human subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 13:251-79. [DOI: 10.1177/0968051907085986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article is a review of studies in which endotoxin has been administered to human subjects for experimental purposes. Data are presented in tabular form so the reader can better appreciate the objectives of individual studies. Although the original intention was to focus on the adverse events associated with these studies, unexpected serious adverse events rarely have been reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Bahador
- Center for Vaccine Development and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,
| | - Alan S. Cross
- Center for Vaccine Development and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Janum S, Nielsen ST, Werner MU, Mehlsen J, Kehlet H, Møller K. Pain perception in healthy volunteers: effect of repeated exposure to experimental systemic inflammation. Innate Immun 2016; 22:546-56. [PMID: 27554053 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916663638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the relationship between pain perception and cytokine release during systemic inflammation. We present a randomized crossover trial in healthy volunteers (n = 17) in 37 individual trials. Systemic inflammation was induced by an i.v. bolus of Escherichia coli LPS (2 ng/kg) on two separate trial days, with or without a nicotine patch applied 10 h previously. Pain perception at baseline, and 2 and 6 h after LPS was assessed by pressure algometry and tonic heat stimulation at an increasing temperature (45-48℃) during both trials. Compared with baseline, pain pressure threshold was reduced 2 and 6 h after LPS, while heat pain perception was accentuated at all testing temperatures after 2 but not 6 h. The magnitude of changes in pain perception did not correlate to cytokine release. No effect of transdermal nicotine or training status was observed. In conclusion, LPS administration in healthy human volunteers leads to reduction in pain pressure threshold and an increase in pain perception to heat stimuli, supporting a relationship between acute systemic inflammation and pain perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Janum
- Center of Inflammation and Metabolism, CIM 7641, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Anesthesiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe T Nielsen
- Center of Inflammation and Metabolism, CIM 7641, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads U Werner
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Mehlsen
- Coordinating Research Centre, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Kehlet
- Institute of Surgical Pathophysiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Møller
- Department of Neuroanesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Knudsen SH, Pedersen BK. Targeting Inflammation Through a Physical Active Lifestyle and Pharmaceuticals for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2015; 15:82. [PMID: 26358738 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-015-0642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence exists that interleukin (IL)-1β is involved in pancreatic β-cell damage, whereas TNF-α appears to be a key molecule in peripheral insulin resistance. Although increased plasma levels of IL-6 are seen in individuals with type 2 diabetes, mechanistic studies suggest that moderate acute elevations in IL-6, as provoked by exercise, exert anti-inflammatory effects by an inhibition of TNF-α and by stimulating IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra), thereby limiting IL-1β signaling. A number of medical treatments have anti-inflammatory effects. IL-1 antagonists have been tested in clinical studies and appear very promising. Also, there is a potential for anti-TNF-α strategies and salsalate has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in clinical trials. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory potential of statins, antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system, and glucose-lowering agents are discussed. While waiting for the outcome of long-term clinical pharmacological trials, it should be emphasized that physical activity represents a natural strong anti-inflammatory intervention with little or no side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sine Haugaard Knudsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre of Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Section 7641, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre of Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Section 7641, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
ALAMILI M, ROSENBERG J, GÖGENUR I. Day-night variation in heart rate variability changes induced by endotoxaemia in healthy volunteers. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2015; 59:457-64. [PMID: 25790066 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality in response to sepsis may be dependent on clock time for the initiation of sepsis. Endotoxaemia, an experimental model for systemic inflammation, induces alterations in sympatico-vagal balance in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The activity of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity can be estimated by measuring heart rate variability (HRV). Based on the intimate link between ANS and the inflammatory response, we hypothesized, that HRV changes seen during endotoxaemia would be different based on time of the day the endotoxaemia is initiated. We investigated day/night variation in endotoxaemia-induced changes in HRV. METHODS A randomized, crossover study with 12 healthy men (age 18-31) was conducted. Endotoxaemia were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin 0.3 ng/kg b.w. in two visits (day visit and night visit). At the day visit, endotoxaemia were induced at 12:00 h, and at the night visit it was induced at 24:00 h. Holter recordings were started 1 h before administration of LPS, and continued for 10 h. Time-domain and frequency-domain parameters of HRV were analysed. RESULTS A total of nine persons finished the study with valid recordings. Endotoxaemia at both night and day resulted in a significant depression in HRV parameters high-frequency power (HF), low-frequency power (LF), standard deviation of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals, root mean square of successive differences and proportion of NN50 divided by total number of NNs (P<0.001). The ratio LF/HF and mean heart rate significantly increased by endotoxaemia (P<0.001). At night-time endotoxaemia, a more pronounced depression of LF, HF and SDNN (P<0.01) and a more pronounced increase in the ratio of LF/HF and mean heart rate (P<0.01) occurred compared with day-time endotoxaemia. CONCLUSION Endotoxaemia induced changes in HRV exhibit a day-night difference. This difference may have clinical consequences in patients with sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. ALAMILI
- Department of Surgery; Køge Hospital; Copenhagen University; Køge Denmark
| | - J. ROSENBERG
- Department of Surgery; Herlev Hospital; Copenhagen University; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - I. GÖGENUR
- Department of Surgery; Køge Hospital; Copenhagen University; Køge Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yorulmaz H, Ozkok E, Erguven M, Ates G, Aydın I, Tamer S. Effect of simvastatin on mitochondrial enzyme activities, ghrelin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in hepatic tissue during early phase of sepsis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:3640-50. [PMID: 26064259 PMCID: PMC4443093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of prior treatment of simvastatin on mitochondrial enzyme, ghrelin, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1 α) on hepatic tissue in rats treated with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) during the early phase of sepsis. Rats were divided into four groups: control, LPS (20 mg/kg, i.p.), Simvastatin (20 mg/kg, p.o.), and LPS + Simvastatin group. We measured citrate synthase, complex I, II, I-III, II-III enzymes activities, serum and tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-10 using ELISA. Liver sections underwent histopathologic examination and TNF-α, IL-10, HIF-1α and ghrelin immunoreactivity were examined using immunohistochemistry methods. There were no differences in all groups for mitochondrial enzyme activities. In terms of both ELISA and immunohistochemistry findings; the levels of serum and tissue TNF-α and IL-10 were higher in the experimental groups than controls (P < 0.05). In the LPS group, the hepatocyte cell membrane and sinusoid structure were damaged. In the Simvastatin +LPS group, hepatocytes and sinusoidal cord structure were partially improved. For HIF-1α, in all experimental groups immunoreactivity was increased (P < 0.05). In the Simvastatin group, Ghrelin levels were increased in comparison with the other groups (P < 0.01). Ghrelin levels were greatly decreased in LPS (P < 0.05). We observed that the degree of hepatocellular degeneration was partially reduced depending on the dosage and duration of prior simvastatin treatment with LPS, probably due to alterations of Ghrelin and HIF-1α levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Yorulmaz
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Halic UniversityIstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ozkok
- Department of Neuroscience, The Institue for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul UniversityIstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Erguven
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Aydin UniversityIstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulten Ates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul UniversityIstanbul, Turkey
| | - Irfan Aydın
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Histology and Embriology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul UniversityIstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sule Tamer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul UniversityIstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Plovsing RR, Berg RMG, Evans KA, Konge L, Iversen M, Garred P, Møller K. Transcompartmental inflammatory responses in humans: IV versus endobronchial administration of endotoxin*. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:1658-65. [PMID: 24732241 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transcompartmental signaling during early inflammation may lead to propagation of disease to other organs. The time course and the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. We aimed at comparing acute transcompartmental inflammatory responses in humans following lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary and systemic inflammation. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. SETTING ICU SUBJECTS Healthy male volunteers. INTERVENTIONS Fifteen volunteers (mean age, 23; SD, 2 yr) received Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, 4 ng/kg) IV or endobronchially on two different study days. Groups were evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage at baseline (0 hr) and 2, 4, 6, 8, or 24 hours postchallenge. Cardiorespiratory variables were continuously recorded throughout the study day, and plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid markers of inflammation were measured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS IV endotoxin elicited a systemic inflammatory response with a time-dependent increase and peak in tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and leukocyte counts (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, a delayed (6-8 hr) increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid interleukin-6 concentration (p < 0.001) and alveolar leukocyte count (p = 0.03) and a minor increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid tumor necrosis factor-α were observed (p = 0.06). Endobronchial endotoxin was followed by progressive alveolar neutrocytosis and increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and albumin (all p < 0.001); a systemic inflammatory response was observed after 2-4 hours, with no change in plasma tumor necrosis factor-α. CONCLUSIONS Acute lung or systemic inflammation in humans is followed by a transcompartmental proinflammatory response, the degree and differential kinetics of which suggests that the propagation of inflammation may depend on the primary site of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronni R Plovsing
- 1Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. 2Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases M7641, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. 3Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health, Science and Sport, University of Glamorgan, South Wales, United Kingdom. 4Centre for Clinical Education, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. 5The Heart Centre, Department of Lung Transplantation, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. 6Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology M7631, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. 7Neurointensive Care Unit 2093, Department of Neuroanesthesiology, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alamili M, Bendtzen K, Lykkesfeldt J, Rosenberg J, Gögenur I. Pronounced inflammatory response to endotoxaemia during nighttime: a randomised cross-over trial. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87413. [PMID: 24475284 PMCID: PMC3903723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circadian variation in bodily functions has been shown to impact health in acute and chronic medical conditions. Little is known about the relationship between circadian rhythm and sepsis in humans. We aimed to investigate circadian variations in the host response in a human endotoxaemia model. Design and Methods A cross-over study, where 12 healthy young men received E. coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) 0.3 ng/kg at 12 noon and, on another day, at 12 midnight. Blood samples were analysed for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines: tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF receptors (sTNF-R)-1 and -2, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-6, and IL-10 as well as YKL-40 and the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) before and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after LPS administration. Results The levels of MDA and IL-10 where significantly higher during the day time (P<0.05) whereas levels of TNF-alpha, sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII, IL-1Ra, IL-6, and YKL-40 were higher (P<0.01 for all comparisons) during the night time. No significant differences were seen in the levels of AA and DHA. Conclusion A day-night difference in the acute phase response to endotoxaemia exists in healthy volunteers with a more pronounced inflammatory response during the night time. This circadian difference in the response to endotoxaemia may play an important role in the clinical setting and should be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Alamili
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Klaus Bendtzen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Rosenberg
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Statin Modulation of Human T-Cell Proliferation, IL-1β and IL-17 Production, and IFN-γ T Cell Expression: Synergy with Conventional Immunosuppressive Agents. Int J Inflam 2013; 2013:434586. [PMID: 24159421 PMCID: PMC3789401 DOI: 10.1155/2013/434586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have been demonstrated to be immunomodulatory for human immune-mediated disease and in experimental models. The aim of this study was to compare statin-mediated immunosuppressive effects on human T-cell responses in vitro with those of conventional immunosuppressives (dexamethasone, cyclosporin A (CsA), mycophenolate, and rapamycin). Statins (atorvastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin) were investigated for their modulatory effects on human PBMC viability, cytokine profiles, and T-cell proliferation. At concentrations that inhibited anti-CD3/28-stimulated T-cell proliferation (P < 0.01), simvastatin significantly decreased intracellular CD4(+) T-cell expression of IFN-γ (P < 0.01) to levels similar to those induced by conventional immunosuppressives. Atorvastatin and lovastatin also decreased IFN-γ expression, although to a lesser degree (P < 0.05). All three statins reduced levels of IL-17 production (P < 0.01). However, in response to anti-CD3/28 stimulation, simvastatin significantly upregulated IL-1β production (P < 0.05). The profile of cytokines produced in response to anti-CD3/28 stimulation was similar when both atorvastatin and dexamethasone were added as compared with dexamethasone alone, suggesting that atorvastatin can synergise with dexamethasone with respect to immunomodulation of cytokines. This data supports the hypothesis of selective statin-mediated immunomodulatory effects on human immune cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
A consideration of biomarkers to be used for evaluation of inflammation in human nutritional studies. Br J Nutr 2013; 109 Suppl 1:S1-34. [PMID: 23343744 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512005119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To monitor inflammation in a meaningful way, the markers used must be valid: they must reflect the inflammatory process under study and they must be predictive of future health status. In 2009, the Nutrition and Immunity Task Force of the International Life Sciences Institute, European Branch, organized an expert group to attempt to identify robust and predictive markers, or patterns or clusters of markers, which can be used to assess inflammation in human nutrition studies in the general population. Inflammation is a normal process and there are a number of cells and mediators involved. These markers are involved in, or are produced as a result of, the inflammatory process irrespective of its trigger and its location and are common to all inflammatory situations. Currently, there is no consensus as to which markers of inflammation best represent low-grade inflammation or differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation or between the various phases of inflammatory responses. There are a number of modifying factors that affect the concentration of an inflammatory marker at a given time, including age, diet and body fatness, among others. Measuring the concentration of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream under basal conditions is probably less informative compared with data related to the concentration change in response to a challenge. A number of inflammatory challenges have been described. However, many of these challenges are poorly standardised. Patterns and clusters may be important as robust biomarkers of inflammation. Therefore, it is likely that a combination of multiple inflammatory markers and integrated readouts based upon kinetic analysis following defined challenges will be the most informative biomarker of inflammation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Malek Mohammad M, Fahimi F, Fakharian A, Karimi Gamishan M, Sistanizad M, Fayazi N, Khalilzadeh S. Methacoline Challenge test as an Evaluator of Response to Statins in Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2012; 11:969-77. [PMID: 24250526 PMCID: PMC3813126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), are effective serum cholesterol-lowering agents which also have anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Adult patients (age 14 to 65 years) with bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) diagnosis based on the spirometry with methacholine challenge test were entered into the study. The study was conducted in the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Patients were randomized to receive either atorvastatin 20 mg/day or placebo for 4 weeks. Spirometric parameters were determined at baseline and at completion of the study. Twenty two patients with the age of 32.95±10.30 years completed the trial. Changes in airway responsiveness categories (moderate to severe, mild, borderline, normal) after the intervention were not significant in atorvastatin group as in placebo group (p-value= 0.131 for atorvastatin group and p-value = 0.305 for placebo group). Also, changes in methacholine solution number (different concentrations of methacholine) which caused at least 20% decrease in FEV1 were not significant between groups (p-value = 0.089). Although we could not find a significant difference, the patients' fall in FEV1 in atorvastatin group was observed in higher concentrations of methacholine. Median before treatment versus after treatment in atorvastatin group was 1 versus 4 mg/mL, while those were 2 versus 1 mg/mL in placebo group. This study showed a better but not significant hyperresponsiveness control in the treatment group. The result might be presented more pronounced, if we could increase the sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Malek Mohammad
- Tracheal Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Masih Daneshvari Hospital , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fanak Fahimi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Masih Daneshvari Hospital , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Fakharian
- Pulmonology Department, TB and Lung Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Masih Daneshvari Hospital.
| | - Masoumeh Karimi Gamishan
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Masih Daneshvari Hospital , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sistanizad
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nader Fayazi
- Internal and Pulmonology Department, Hormozgan University, of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Soheila Khalilzadeh
- Pediatric Respiratory Disease Research Center, NRITLD, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Differential ex vivo and in vivo endotoxin tolerance kinetics following human endotoxemia*. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:1866-70. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182190d5d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
13
|
Ferrari GL, Quinto BMR, Queiroz KCBDS, Iizuka IJ, Monte JCM, Dalboni MA, Durão MS, Cendoroglo Neto M, dos Santos OFP, Batista MC. Effects of simvastatin on cytokines secretion from mononuclear cells from critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Cytokine 2011; 54:144-8. [PMID: 21367616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the in vitro effects of simvastatin on IL-10 and TNF-α secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of critically ill patients with and without acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS PBMC were collected from 63 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and from 20 healthy controls. Patients were divided in 3 subgroups: with AKI, with sepsis and without AKI and with AKI and sepsis. After isolation by ficoll-gradient centrifugation cells were incubated in vitro with LPS 1 ng/mL, simvastatin (10(-8)M) and with LPS plus simvastatin for 24h. TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations on cells surnatant were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Cells isolated from critically ill patients showed a decreased spontaneous production of TNF-α and IL-10 compared to healthy controls (6.7 (0.2-12) vs 103 (64-257) pg/mL and (20 (13-58) vs 315 (105-510) pg/mL, respectively, p<0.05). Under LPS-stimulus, IL-10 production remains lower in patients compared to healthy control (451 (176-850) vs 1150 (874-1521) pg/mL, p<0.05) but TNF-α production was higher (641 (609-841) vs 406 (201-841) pg/mL, p<0.05). The simultaneous incubation with LPS and simvastatin caused decreased IL-10 production in cells from patients compared to control (337 (135-626) vs 540 (345-871) pg/mL, p<0.05) and increased TNF-α release (711 (619-832) vs 324 (155-355) pg/mL, p<0.05). Comparison between subgroups showed that the results observed in TNF-α and IL-10 production by PBMC from critically ill patients was independent of AKI occurrence. CONCLUSIONS The PBMC treatment with simvastatin resulted in attenuation on pro-inflammatory cytokine spontaneous production that was no longer observed when these cells were submitted to a second inflammatory stimulus. Our study shows an imbalance between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in PBMC from critically ill patients regardless the presence of AKI.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bloom HL, Shukrullah I, Veledar E, Gutmann R, London B, Dudley SC. Statins Decrease Oxidative Stress and ICD Therapies. Cardiol Res Pract 2010; 2010:253803. [PMID: 20369058 PMCID: PMC2847377 DOI: 10.4061/2010/253803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that statins decrease ventricular arrhythmias in internal cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patients. The mechanism is unknown, but evidence links increased inflammatory and oxidative states with increased arrhythmias. We hypothesized that statin use decreases oxidation. Methods. 304 subjects with ICDs were surveyed for ventricular arrhythmia. Blood was analyzed for derivatives of reactive oxygen species (DROMs) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results. Subjects included 252 (83%) men, 58% on statins, 20% had ventricular arrhythmias. Average age was 63 years and ejection fraction (EF) 20%. ICD implant duration was 29 ± 27 months. Use of statins correlated with lower ICD events (r = 0.12, P = .02). Subjects on statins had lower hsCRP (5.2 versus 6.3; P = .05) and DROM levels (373 versus 397; P = .03). Other factors, including IL-6 and EF did not differ between statin and nonstatin use, nor did beta-blocker or antiarrhythmic use. Multivariate cross-correlation analysis demonstrated that DROMs, statins, IL-6 and EF were strongly associated with ICD events. Multivariate regression shows DROMs to be the dominant predictor. Conclusion. ICD event rate correlates with DROMs, a measure of lipid peroxides. Use of statins is associated with reduced DROMs and fewer ICD events, suggesting that statins exert their effect through reducing oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Bloom
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mant TG, Borozdenkova S, Bradford DB, Allen E, Amin DM, Toothaker RD, Collins RW, Hargreaves RE, Jurcevic S. Changes in HLA-DR expression, cytokine production and coagulation following endotoxin infusion in healthy human volunteers. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:701-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
16
|
EBDRUP LOTTE, KROG JAN, GRANFELDT ASGER, LARSEN PERNILLEØ, VESTERGAARD CHRISTIAN, HOKLAND MARIANNE, TØNNESEN ELSE. Leukocyte, plasma, and organ-associated cytokine profiles in an animal model of acute inflammation. APMIS 2008; 116:352-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.00982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
17
|
Rallidis LS, Hamodraka ES, Fountoulaki K, Moustogiannis G, Zolindaki MG, Kremastinos DT. Simvastatin exerts its anti-inflammatory effect in hypercholesterolaemic patients by decreasing the serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Int J Cardiol 2008; 124:271-2. [PMID: 17399814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 12/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effect of simvastatin on serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, macrophage colony stimulating factor, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A in hypercholesterolaemic patients without coronary heart disease. METHODS Sixty consecutive hypercholesterolaemic patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 process to 40 mg of simvastatin daily (n=40) and to hypolipidaemic only diet (n=20) for 3 months. Blood was taken at baseline and at the end of the study and analysed for lipids and inflammatory markers. RESULTS From the inflammatory markers only MCP-1 was decreased significantly (217.4+/-48 versus 177+/-75 pg/ml, p<0.001) after treatment with simvastatin and this reduction was independent of lipid changes. CONCLUSION Simvastatin significantly decreases only MCP-1 levels in hypercholesterolaemic patients suggesting that this molecule is probably a sensitive marker to detect the anti-inflammatory effect of simvastatin in blood.
Collapse
|
18
|
Statins in Sepsis and Acute Lung Injury. Intensive Care Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-49518-7_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Bibliography. Current world literature. Raynaud phenomenon, scleroderma, overlap syndromes and other fibrosing syndromes. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2006; 18:654-6. [PMID: 17053515 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e328010f1cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|