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Navarro Chica CE, Qin T, de Haan BJ, Faas MM, Smink AM, Sierra L, López BL, de Vos P. In vitro determination of the immunosuppressive effect, internalization, and release mechanism of squalene-gusperimus nanoparticles for managing inflammatory responses. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:651-661. [PMID: 34751061 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.1999968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gusperimus is an anti-inflammatory drug that has shown to be effective in managing autoimmunity and preventing graft rejection. This is unstable and easily broken down into cytotoxic components. We encapsulated gusperimus binding it covalently to squalene obtaining squalene-gusperimus nanoparticles (Sq-GusNPs). These nanoparticles enhanced the immunosuppressive effect of gusperimus in both mouse macrophages and T cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration in macrophages was 9-fold lower for Sq-GusNPs compared with the free drug. The anti-inflammatory effect of the Sq-GusNPs was maintained over time without cytotoxicity. By studying nanoparticles uptake by cells with flow cytometry, we demonstrated that Sq-GusNPs are endocytosed by macrophages after binding to low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). In presence of cathepsin B or D release of gusperimus is increased demonstrating the participation of proteases in the release process. Our approach may allow the application of Sq-GusNPs for effective management of inflammatory disorders including autoimmunity and graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Navarro Chica
- Section of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Tian Qin
- Section of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bart J de Haan
- Section of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M M Faas
- Section of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra M Smink
- Section of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ligia Sierra
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Betty L López
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Paul de Vos
- Section of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Navarro Chica CE, Qin T, de Haan BJ, Faas MM, Smink AM, Sierra L, López BL, de Vos P. In Vitro Studies of Squalene‐Gusperimus Nanoparticles in Islet‐Containing Alginate Microcapsules to Regulate the Immune Response in the Immediate Posttransplant Period. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E. Navarro Chica
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1, EA11 Groningen 9713 GZ The Netherlands
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Antioquia Calle 70 No. 52-21 Medellín Antioquia Colombia
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1, EA11 Groningen 9713 GZ The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. de Haan
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1, EA11 Groningen 9713 GZ The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M. Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1, EA11 Groningen 9713 GZ The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra M. Smink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1, EA11 Groningen 9713 GZ The Netherlands
| | - Ligia Sierra
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Antioquia Calle 70 No. 52-21 Medellín Antioquia Colombia
| | - Betty L. López
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Antioquia Calle 70 No. 52-21 Medellín Antioquia Colombia
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1, EA11 Groningen 9713 GZ The Netherlands
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Navarro Chica CE, de Haan BJ, Faas MM, Smink AM, Sierra L, de Vos P, López BL. Design and characterization of Squalene-Gusperimus nanoparticles for modulation of innate immunity. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119893. [PMID: 32956823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs are widely used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and to prevent rejection in organ transplantation. Gusperimus is a relatively safe immunosuppressive drug with low cytotoxicity and reversible side effects. It is highly hydrophilic and unstable. Therefore, it requires administration in high doses which increases its side effects. To overcome this, here we encapsulated gusperimus as squalene-gusperimus nanoparticles (Sq-GusNPs). These nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained from nanoassembly of the squalene gusperimus (Sq-Gus) bioconjugate in water, which was synthesized starting from squalene. The size, charge, and dispersity of the Sq-GusNPs were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). The colloidal stability of the Sq-GusNPs was tested using an experimental block design at different storage temperatures after preparing them at different pH conditions. Sq-GusNPs showed to be colloidally stable, non-cytotoxic, readily taken up by cells, and with an anti-inflammatory effect sustained over time. We demonstrate that gusperimus was stabilized through its conjugation with squalene and subsequent formation of NPs allowing its controlled release. Overall, the Sq-GusNPs have the potential to be used as an alternative in approaches for the treatment of different pathologies where a controlled release of gusperimus could be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Navarro Chica
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart J de Haan
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra M Smink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ligia Sierra
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section of Immunoendocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA11, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Betty L López
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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Perenyei M, Jayne DRW, Flossmann O. Gusperimus: immunological mechanism and clinical applications. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53:1732-41. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Stricher F, Macri C, Ruff M, Muller S. HSPA8/HSC70 chaperone protein: structure, function, and chemical targeting. Autophagy 2013; 9:1937-54. [PMID: 24121476 DOI: 10.4161/auto.26448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HSPA8/HSC70 protein is a fascinating chaperone protein. It represents a constitutively expressed, cognate protein of the HSP70 family, which is central in many cellular processes. In particular, its regulatory role in autophagy is decisive. We focused this review on HSC70 structure-function considerations and based on this, we put a particular emphasis on HSC70 targeting by small molecules and peptides in order to develop intervention strategies that deviate some of HSC70 properties for therapeutic purposes. Generating active biomolecules regulating autophagy via its effect on HSC70 can effectively be designed only if we understand the fine relationships between HSC70 structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Stricher
- CNRS; Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique/Laboratory of Excellence Medalis; Strasbourg, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Kinney
- Department of Dermatology; Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston-Salem; North Carolina; USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Evans
- Department of Pathology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216
| | - Lyra Chang
- Department of Pathology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department of Pathology and the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216
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Kälsch AI, Peters A, Buhl B, Breedijk A, Prem K, Schmitt WH, Weiss C, Heeringa P, Kallenberg C, Birck R, Yard BA. Retinoid X receptor beta polymorphisms do not explain functional differences in vitamins D and A response in Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis patients. Autoimmunity 2009; 42:467-74. [DOI: 10.1080/08916930902960347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Manna R, Cadoni G, Ferri E, Verrecchia E, Giovinale M, Fonnesu C, Calò L, Armato E, Paludetti G. Wegener's granulomatosis: an update on diagnosis and therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2008; 4:481-95. [PMID: 20477576 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.4.4.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a unique clinicopathological disease characterized by necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of the respiratory tract, pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis and small-vessel vasculitis. Owing to its wide range of clinical manifestations, WG has a broad spectrum of severity that includes the potential for alveolar hemorrhage or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, which are immediately life threatening. WG is associated with the presence of circulating antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (c-ANCAs). The most widely accepted pathogenetic model suggests that c-ANCA-activated cytokine-primed neutrophils induce microvascular damage and a rapid escalation of inflammation with recruitment of mononuclear cells. The diagnosis of WG is made on the basis of typical clinical and radiologic findings, by biopsy of involved organ, the presence of c-ANCA and exclusion of all other small-vessel vasculitis. Currently, a regimen consisting of daily cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids is considered standard therapy. A number of trials have evaluated the efficacy of less-toxic immunosuppressants and antibacterials for treating patients with WG, resulting in the identification of effective alternative regimens to induce or maintain remission in certain subpopulations of patients. Recent investigation has focused on other immunomodulatory agents (e.g., TNF-alpha inhibitors and anti-CD20 antibodies), intravenous immunoglobulins and antithymocyte globulins for treating patients with resistant WG.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manna
- Clinical Autoimmunity Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A Gemelli, 8-00168 Rome, Italy.
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Kälsch AI, Soboletzki M, Schmitt WH, van der Woude FJ, Hochhaus A, Yard BA, Birck R. Imatinib mesylate, a new kid on the block for the treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies-associated vasculitis? Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 151:391-8. [PMID: 18190601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent T cell activation is a common finding in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated systemic vasculitis (AAV) patients. Because imatinib, a selective inhibitor of the ABL, ARG, PDGFR and c-KIT tyrosine kinases, inhibits T cell activation, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential use of imatinib for the treatment AAV patients refractory to conventional therapy. In particular, we investigated the inhibition of T cell activation by this drug and its efficacy on activated T cells from anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated systemic vasculitides (AASV) patients. T cell stimulation has been induced by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies or by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin. T cell proliferation was analysed by tritiumthymidine incorporation. Cell cycle progression was determined by propidium iodide staining using fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and by RNAse protection assay (RPA). Cytokine levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. T cell proliferation was inhibited significantly by imatinib, due most probably to cell cycle arrest in the G1-phase. This was paralleled by inhibition in the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2 mRNA. The expression of CD25 in naive and memory T cells was decreased significantly by imatinib in activated T cells. Similarly, conversion from naive to memory T cells after T cell activation was impaired by imatinib. Imatinib did not influence interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha production but increased interferon-gamma production. These observed effects of imatinib were similar in T cells from AASV patients and from healthy individuals. Imatinib might be an alternative therapeutical option for AASV patients refractory to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-I Kälsch
- Fifth Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty of Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2008; 20:111-20. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e3282f408ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ferraro AJ, Hassan B, Savage CO. Pathogenic mechanisms of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2007; 3:543-55. [PMID: 20477159 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.4.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides are rare autoimmune diseases that can often be life threatening. They particularly affect the kidneys and lungs but can also affect many other organs. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the loss of tolerance against ANCA antigens (present in granules of neutrophils and monocytes); however, clear mechanisms remain elusive. Clinical observation, in vitro studies and newly developed animal models implicate ANCAs in disease pathogenesis and relevant mechanisms are now being characterized. Abnormalities in patient's T-cell populations exist and the increasingly recognized role of B cells in ANCA-associated vasculitis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Ferraro
- Birmingham University, Division of Immunity and Infection, Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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