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Barash U, Lapidot M, Zohar Y, Loomis C, Moreira A, Feld S, Goparaju C, Yang H, Hammond E, Zhang G, Li JP, Ilan N, Nagler A, Pass HI, Vlodavsky I. Involvement of Heparanase in the Pathogenesis of Mesothelioma: Basic Aspects and Clinical Applications. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 110:1102-1114. [PMID: 29579286 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalian cells express a single functional heparanase, an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate and thereby promotes tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Malignant mesothelioma is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis because of the lack of markers for early diagnosis and resistance to conventional therapies. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mode of action and biological significance of heparanase in mesothelioma and test the efficacy of heparanase inhibitors in the treatment of this malignancy. Methods The involvement of heparanase in mesothelioma was investigated by applying mouse models of mesothelioma and testing the effect of heparanase gene silencing (n = 18 mice per experiment; two different models) and heparanase inhibitors (ie, PG545, defibrotide; n = 18 per experiment; six different models). Synchronous pleural effusion and plasma samples from patients with mesothelioma (n = 35), other malignancies (12 non-small cell lung cancer, two small cell lung carcinoma, four breast cancer, three gastrointestinal cancers, two lymphomas), and benign effusions (five patients) were collected and analyzed for heparanase content (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Eighty-one mesothelioma biopsies were analyzed by H-Score for the prognostic impact of heparanase using immunohistochemistry. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Mesothelioma tumor growth, measured by bioluminescence or tumor weight at termination, was markedly attenuated by heparanase gene silencing (P = .02) and by heparanase inhibitors (PG545 and defibrotide; P < .001 and P = .01, respectively). A marked increase in survival of the mesothelioma-bearing mice (P < .001) was recorded. Heparanase inhibitors were more potent in vivo than conventional chemotherapy. Clinically, heparanase levels in patients' pleural effusions could distinguish between malignant and benign effusions, and a heparanase H-score above 90 was associated with reduced patient survival (hazard ratio = 1.89, 95% confidence interval = 1.09 to 3.27, P = .03). Conclusions Our results imply that heparanase is clinically relevant in mesothelioma development. Given these preclinical and clinical data, heparanase appears to be an important mediator of mesothelioma, and heparanase inhibitors are worthy of investigation as a new therapeutic modality in mesothelioma clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Barash
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moshe Lapidot
- Departments of General Thoracic Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaniv Zohar
- Departments of Pathology Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Andre Moreira
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Sari Feld
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Chandra Goparaju
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Ganlin Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Neta Ilan
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Tian SG, Gao HW, Chang HY, Li SB, Wang XL, Zhang YP, Gong F. Heparanase: a novel target of tumor metastasis therapy. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:406-412. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i4.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparanase plays a key role in promoting tumor angiogenesis, vasiveness and metastasis. This predominant enzyme is primarily responsible for cleaving heparin sulphate, the main polysaccharide constituent of extracellular matrix and basement membrane, thus having become a novel target of tumor therapy. It can prevent tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting its expression and reducing its activity. This paper reviews the biological characteristics of heparanase as a target of tumor therapy, the significance in tumor progression and tumor therapies, and the prospect of its relating medicine in clinical applications.
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