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Dysregulated Transcription Factor TFAP2A After Peripheral Nerve Injury Modulated Schwann Cell Phenotype. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2776-2785. [PMID: 31650361 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors regulate the transcriptions and expressions of numerous target genes and direct a variety of physiological and pathological activities. To obtain a better understanding of the involvement of transcription factors during peripheral nerve repair and regeneration, significantly differentially expressed genes coding for transcription factors in rat sciatic nerves after sciatic nerve crush injury were identified. A total of 9 transcription factor genes, including GBX2, HIF3A, IRF8, LRRC63, SNAI3, SPIB, TBX21, TFAP2A, and ZBTB16 were identified to be commonly differentially expressed at 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after nerve injury. TFAP2A, a gene encoding transcription factor activating enhancer binding protein 2 alpha, was found to be critical in the regulatory network. PCR validation and immunohistochemistry staining of injured rat sciatic nerves showed that TFAP2A expression was significantly up-regulated in the Schwann cells after nerve injury for at least 2 weeks. Schwann cells transfected with TFAP2A-siRNA exhibited elevated proliferation rate and migration ability, suggesting that TFAP2A suppressed Schwann cell proliferation and migration. Collectively, our study provided a global overview of the dynamic changes of transcription factors after sciatic nerve injury, discovered key transcription factors for the regeneration process, and deepened the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve repair and regeneration.
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Pytel P, Karrison T, Can Gong, Tonsgard JH, Krausz T, Montag AG. Neoplasms with schwannian differentiation express transcription factors known to regulate normal schwann cell development. Int J Surg Pathol 2009; 18:449-57. [PMID: 20034979 DOI: 10.1177/1066896909351698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of transcription factors have been identified as important in guiding normal Schwann cell development. This study used immunohistochemistry on tissue arrays to assess the expression of some of these transcription factors (Sox5, Sox9, Sox10, AP-2α, Pax7, and FoxD3) on 76 schwannomas, 105 neurofibromas, and 34 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). Sox9 and Sox10 were found to be widely expressed in all tumor types. FoxD3 reactivity was stronger and more frequently found in schwannomas and MPNSTs than neurofibromas. AP-2α was positive in 31% to 49% of all tumors, but strong reactivity was limited to MPNSTs and schwannomas. Pax7 and Sox5 expression was restricted to subsets of MPNSTs. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the 3 tumor types in the expression of these markers. No differences were found in the analyzed tumor subgroups, including schwannomas of different sites, schwannomas with or without NF2 association, neurofibromas of different types, or sporadic versus NF1-associated MPNSTs. These results suggest that the transcription factors that guide normal Schwann cell development also play a role in the biology of neoplastic cells with Schwannian differentiation. FoxD3, AP-2α, Pax7, and Sox5 are upregulated in MPNSTs compared with neurofibromas and may be markers of malignant transformation. Screening the expression of FoxD3, Sox9, and Sox10 on 23 cases of other spindle-cell proliferations that may be considered in the differential diagnosis of MPNST, including synovial sarcoma and spindle cell melanoma, suggests that these 3 are helpful markers of Schwannian differentiation in the context of diagnosing MPNSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pytel
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Williams JP, Wu J, Johansson G, Rizvi TA, Miller SC, Geiger H, Malik P, Li W, Mukouyama YS, Cancelas JA, Ratner N. Nf1 mutation expands an EGFR-dependent peripheral nerve progenitor that confers neurofibroma tumorigenic potential. Cell Stem Cell 2008; 3:658-69. [PMID: 19041782 PMCID: PMC3487385 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Defining growth factor requirements for progenitors facilitates their characterization and amplification. We characterize a peripheral nervous system embryonic dorsal root ganglion progenitor population using in vitro clonal sphere-formation assays. Cells differentiate into glial cells, smooth muscle/fibroblast (SM/Fb)-like cells, and neurons. Genetic and pharmacologic tools revealed that sphere formation requires signaling from the EGFR tyrosine kinase. Nf1 loss of function amplifies this progenitor pool, which becomes hypersensitive to growth factors and confers tumorigenesis. DhhCre;Nf1(fl/fl) mouse neurofibromas contain a progenitor population with similar growth requirements, potential, and marker expression. In humans, NF1 mutation predisposes to benign neurofibromas, incurable peripheral nerve tumors. Prospective identification of human EGFR(+);P75(+) neurofibroma cells enriched EGF-dependent sphere-forming cells. Neurofibroma spheres contain glial-like progenitors that differentiate into neurons and SM/Fb-like cells in vitro and form benign neurofibroma-like lesions in nude mice. We suggest that expansion of an EGFR-expressing early glial progenitor contributes to neurofibroma formation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/physiopathology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mutation/genetics
- Neurofibromatoses/genetics
- Neurofibromatoses/metabolism
- Neurofibromatoses/physiopathology
- Neurofibromin 1/genetics
- Neurofibromin 1/metabolism
- Peripheral Nerves/cytology
- Peripheral Nerves/metabolism
- Peripheral Nerves/physiopathology
- Sensory Receptor Cells/cytology
- Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/cytology
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon P. Williams
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gunnar Johansson
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tilat A. Rizvi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Shyra C. Miller
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Wenling Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yoh-suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jose A. Cancelas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Hoxworth Blood Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-7013, USA
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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