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Vockerodt M, Yap LF, Shannon-Lowe C, Curley H, Wei W, Vrzalikova K, Murray PG. The Epstein-Barr virus and the pathogenesis of lymphoma. J Pathol 2015; 235:312-22. [PMID: 25294567 DOI: 10.1002/path.4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery in 1964 of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in African Burkitt lymphoma, this virus has been associated with a remarkably diverse range of cancer types. Because EBV persists in the B cells of the asymptomatic host, it can easily be envisaged how it contributes to the development of B-cell lymphomas. However, EBV is also found in other cancers, including T-cell/natural killer cell lymphomas and several epithelial malignancies. Explaining the aetiological role of EBV is challenging, partly because the virus probably contributes differently to each tumour and partly because the available disease models cannot adequately recapitulate the subtle variations in the virus-host balance that exist between the different EBV-associated cancers. A further challenge is to identify the co-factors involved; because most persistently infected individuals will never develop an EBV-associated cancer, the virus cannot be working alone. This article will review what is known about the contribution of EBV to lymphoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vockerodt
- Centre for Human Virology and the School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Mohamed G, Vrzalikova K, Cader FZ, Vockerodt M, Nagy E, Flodr P, Yap LF, Diepstra A, Kluin PM, Rosati S, Murray P. Epstein-Barr virus, the germinal centre and the development of Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1861-1869. [PMID: 24893782 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.066712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the germinal centre (GC) of the asymptomatic host remains an enigma. The occasional appearance of EBV-positive germinal centres in some patients, particularly those with a history of immunosuppression, suggests that EBV numbers in the GC are subject to immune control. The relationship, if any, between lymphoid hyperplasia with EBV-positive germinal centres and subsequent or concurrent lymphomagenesis remains to be clarified. As far as the development of EBV-associated Hodgkin's lymphoma is concerned, the suppression of virus replication, mediated by LMP1 on the one hand, and the loss of B-cell receptor signalling on the other, appears to be an important pathogenic mechanism. A further important emerging concept is that alterations in the microenvironment of the EBV-infected B-cell may be important for lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Mohamed
- Centre for Human Virology and the School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katerina Vrzalikova
- Centre for Human Virology and the School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fathima Zumla Cader
- Centre for Human Virology and the School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martina Vockerodt
- Centre for Human Virology and the School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eszter Nagy
- Centre for Human Virology and the School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Patrik Flodr
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lee-Fah Yap
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences & Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip M Kluin
- University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Rosati
- University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Murray
- Centre for Human Virology and the School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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MARTÍN PALOMA, CORONADO MARIAJOSÉ, BELLAS CARMEN. Evidence of the intersection of Epstein-Barr virus with germinal center. APMIS 2011; 120:253-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02837.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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