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Tumor-Stroma Ratio in Basaloid and Conventional Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Significance and Concordance in Paired Biopsies and Surgical Samples. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061645. [PMID: 36980531 PMCID: PMC10046013 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) associated with a poor prognosis. Tumor–stroma ratio (TSR) has been introduced as a prognostic feature in many solid tumors. TSR was investigated in a series of laryngeal BSCCs and compared with a group of stage-matched conventional SCCs (cSCCs), in both preoperative and surgical specimens, with the intent of ascertaining the more aggressive behavior of BSCC and verifying the presence of stromal-related causes. A series of 14 consecutive laryngeal BSCCs and a control group of 28 stage-matched conventional cSCCs were analyzed. A higher nodal metastasis presence was found in BSCCs (57.1% vs. 28.6%). The recurrence rate was 33.5% and 63.6% in the cSCC and BSCC groups; disease-free survival (DFS) was higher, though not significantly, in patients with cSCC. TSR, large cell nests, and tumor budding showed a moderate to very good agreement, and stroma type a good to very good agreement between biopsies and surgical specimens in the cSCC group. In the BSCC group, agreement was poor to very good for TSR and stroma type, and good to very good for large cell nests and tumor budding. Age was the only feature significant in predicting recurrence in the BSCC group (p = 0.0235). In cSCC, TSR low/stroma rich cases, when evaluated on biopsies or surgical specimens, were associated with lower DFS (p = 0.0036; p = 0.0041, respectively). Laryngeal BSCCs showed a lower DFS than cSCCs, even if statistical significance was not reached. TSR, evaluated in laryngeal biopsies and excised tumors, was prognostic in terms of DFS in cSCC but not in BSCC cases.
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Alessandrini L, Franz L, Ottaviano G, Ghi MG, Lanza C, Blandamura S, Marioni G. Prognostic role of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and the immune microenvironment in laryngeal carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2020; 108:104836. [PMID: 32512470 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The immune system is crucial in the evolution of head and neck cancer. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) seems to rely on close relations between neoplastic cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. The main aim of this study was to apply univariate/multivariate analysis to investigate the prognostic significance of PD-L1, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in laryngeal carcinoma (LSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS PD-L1 (in terms of combined positive score [CPS]), TILs and TLS were assessed at pathology on 70 consecutive samples of LSCC. RESULTS A CPS ≥ 1 coincided with a lower recurrence rate (RR) (p = 0.007) and longer disease-free survival (DFS) than a CPS < 1 (p = 0.0027). Cases with higher TIL counts showed a lower RR (p = 0.036) and longer DFS than those with lower TIL counts (p = 0.0062). Cases revealing TLS had a lower RR (p = 0.004) and longer DFS (p = 0.0034) than those with no TLS. On multivariate analysis, the presence of TLS retained its positive prognostic value (p = 0.024), while CPS remained significant as regards disease recurrence (p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 seems to be an indirect marker of effective anti-tumor response in LSCC, possibly being expressed as a result of a greater immune pressure on cancer cells. The presence of TLS emerged as a positive prognostic factor. Further prospective studies are needed to characterize the role of PD-L1 as a marker of anti-tumor immune response and prognostic factor in LSCC, also with regard to the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Franz
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ottaviano
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ghi
- Oncology Unit 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristiano Lanza
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Gino Marioni
- Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy.
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Expression of maspin tumor suppressor and mTOR in laryngeal carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2020; 41:102322. [PMID: 31732312 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the possible relationship between mTOR and the nuclear tumor suppressor maspin in laryngeal carcinoma (LSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS mTOR expression and maspin pattern were ascertained, also with the aid of image analysis in 79 consecutive LSCCs. RESULTS Considering the whole series, univariate statistical analysis identified significant differences in the distributions by lymph node status (N0 vs N+) between two subgroups of patients with and without loco-regional carcinoma recurrences (p = 0.017). The log-rank test also showed a shorter disease-free survival (DFS) in pN+ patients (p = 0.0008). mTOR expression was significantly higher in patients whose disease recurred (p = 0.009). The DFS rate was also significantly shorter in cases of LSCC with an mTOR expression ≥11.55% (p = 0.049). Multivariate analysis showed that N status (p = 0.002) and mTOR expression (p = 0.037) retained their prognostic significance in relation to cancer recurrence. In a subgroup of LSCCs with a non-nuclear maspin pattern, mTOR expression was significantly higher in patients whose disease recurred. Multivariate analysis disclosed that N stage (p = 0.012) retained its independent prognostic significance for disease recurrence in this setting. mTOR expression showed a trend towards independent significance in terms of carcinoma recurrence (p = 0.083). CONCLUSIONS mTOR inhibitors seem promising for use in cancer therapies. Further investigations are needed on the prospects of incorporating modern mTOR inhibitors in multimodality or multitarget strategies against advanced LSCCs, also considering the role and expression of tumor suppressor genes.
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Ben Elhadj M, Amine OEL, Mokni Baizig N, Ben Ayoub W, Goucha A, El May MV, Fourati A. Expression Profile of Survivin and p16 in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Contribution of Tunisian Patients. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2019; 100:NP7-NP15. [PMID: 31159573 DOI: 10.1177/0145561319855644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of survivin and p16 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) in order to analyze their pathogenesis and prognostic significance in Tunisian patients. A total of 70 patients with LSCC collected at the Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute of Tunis were retrospectively evaluated. Expression of survivin and p16 was examined using immunohistochemistry, and the correlations with clinicopathological parameters, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were statistically evaluated. The positive expression of survivin and p16 were found in 58.6% and 51.43% of LSCC cases, respectively. The p16 expression was not associated with either clinical parameters or patient survival, whereas there was a strong correlation of survivin expression and lymph node metastases (P = .002), alcohol consumption (P = .024), and therapeutic protocol (with or without chemotherapy; P = .001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with LSCC having positive survivin expression have shorter OS (P = .026) and shorter DFS (P = .01) than those with negative expression. Positive survivin expression was also correlated with high recurrence rate (P = .014). Therefore, survivin is a poor prognostic marker for LSCC but the therapeutic protocol remains, in multivariate study, the most decisive for the OS and DFS of our patients with P < .01. Our data indicated that, in Tunisian laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, survivin expression is associated with unfavorable outcomes and represents a predictor marker of recurrence and chemoresistance. However, p16 expression has no prognosis value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Ben Elhadj
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, 59075Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa E L Amine
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, 59075Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nehla Mokni Baizig
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, 59075Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wided Ben Ayoub
- Departement of Epidemiology, 59075Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aida Goucha
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, 59075Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Asma Fourati
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, 59075Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
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Effect and Mechanism of Survivin on Hypoxia-Induced Multidrug Resistance of Human Laryngeal Carcinoma Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5696801. [PMID: 31179330 PMCID: PMC6507141 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5696801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at clarifying the mechanism and role of survivin in hypoxia-induced multidrug resistance (MDR) of laryngeal carcinoma cells. Human laryngeal cancer cells were incubated under hypoxia or normoxia. The expression of survivin was silenced by performing RNA interference. Additionally, by Western blot and real-time quantitative RT-PCR, survivin expression was detected. The sensitivity of human laryngeal carcinoma cells to multiple drugs was measured by CCK-8 assay. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of cells induced by cisplatin or paclitaxel was assessed by Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining analysis. Under hypoxic conditions, the upregulation of survivin was abolished by RNA interference. Then, CCK-8 analysis demonstrated that the sensitivity to multiple agents of laryngeal carcinoma cells could be increased by inhibiting survivin expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining analysis revealed that decreased expression of survivin could evidently increase the apoptosis rate of laryngeal carcinoma cells that were induced by cisplatin or paclitaxel evidently (P < 0.05). Our data suggests that hypoxia-elicited survivin may exert a pivotal role in regulating hypoxia-induced MDR of laryngeal cancer cells by preventing the apoptosis of cells induced by chemotherapeutic drug. Thus, blocking survivin expression in human laryngeal carcinoma cells may provide an avenue for gene therapy.
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Marioni G, Brescia G, Nicolè L, Marchese-Ragona R, Barion U, Giacomelli L, Marino F, Martini A, Ottaviano G. Survivin and cortactin expression in sinonasal schneiderian (inverted) papilloma and associated carcinoma. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2018; 32:78-81. [DOI: 10.1177/1945892418762644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sinonasal inverted (schneiderian) papilloma (IP) is histologically benign but shows a propensity for malignant transformation. Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of the apoptosis family of proteins that controls cell division, apoptosis, metastasis, and, probably, also neoangiogenesis, is overexpressed in essentially all human cancers. Overexpression of the multidomain protein cortactin has also been associated with increased cell migration, invasion, and metastatic potential in several malignancies. Objective: The aim of the present study was to preliminarily investigate survivin and cortactin expression in a consecutive series of sinonasal IPs, and IP-associated squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of nuclear survivin and cortactin was measured in 19 consecutive sinonasal IPs and 3 IP-associated SCCs. Results: The mean ± standard deviation nuclear survivin expression was 9.4 ± 9.2% and 31.7% ± 15.4% in sinonasal IPs and SCCs, respectively (p < 0.0001). Results of cortactin immunostaining was strongly positive in the cytoplasm of both sinonasal IPs and SCCs: no significant difference emerged between the IP and SCC epithelial components. Conclusion: Nuclear survivin expression was significantly higher in SCCs than in IPs. Prospective, multi-institutional prognostic studies, preferably on an international scale (given the few cases treated at single institutions), are needed to confirm the role of survivin in IP malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Marioni
- From the Otolaryngology Section,
Department of Neurosciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy, and
| | - Giuseppe Brescia
- From the Otolaryngology Section,
Department of Neurosciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy, and
| | - Lorenzo Nicolè
- Department of Medicine, Padova
University, Padova, Italy
| | - Rosario Marchese-Ragona
- From the Otolaryngology Section,
Department of Neurosciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy, and
| | - Umberto Barion
- From the Otolaryngology Section,
Department of Neurosciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy, and
| | | | - Filippo Marino
- Department of Medicine, Padova
University, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Martini
- From the Otolaryngology Section,
Department of Neurosciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy, and
| | - Giancarlo Ottaviano
- From the Otolaryngology Section,
Department of Neurosciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy, and
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Geng J, Lei YR, Pei SG. Correlation between Survivin expression and laryngeal carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Curr Med Sci 2017; 37:965-973. [PMID: 29270761 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to provide evidence for evidence-based medicine in the treatment and prognosis of laryngeal cancer in China, the meta-analysis electronically retrieved the case-control studies published in China about the Survivin expression and its association with clinical pathological features in the tissues of laryngeal carcinoma. The results showed that a total of 25 case-control studies were finally included with 1333 cases of laryngeal cancer and 528 cases of controls. The difference in the expression of Survivin between the two groups was statistically significant [OR=18.34, 95% CI (11.82, 28.47), P<0.00001]. The difference in the expression of Survivin between laryngeal carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis or not was statistically significant [OR=0.25, 95% CI (0.17, 0.37), P<0.00001]. The expression of Survivin in clinical I-II stage group was significantly lower than in the clinical stage III-IV group [OR=0.24, 95% CI (0.18, 0.32), P<0.00001]. The expression of Survivin in patients with low/medium differentiation was significantly lower than that in those with high differentiation [OR=0.33, 95% CI (0.26, 0.43), P<0.00001]. The difference in the expression of Survivin among different T stages of laryngeal carcinoma was statistically significant [OR=0.35, 95% CI (0.21, 0.58), P<0.00001]. In conclusion, Survivin may play an important role in the occurrence and development of laryngeal carcinoma, and its high expression is related to the poor prognosis of patients with laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Geng
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Yan-Rong Lei
- Department of Oncology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Sheng-Guang Pei
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
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Marioni G, Ottaviano G, Marchese-Ragona R, Fasanaro E, Tealdo G, Zanotti C, Randon B, Giacomelli L, Stellini E, Blandamura S. Nuclear survivin expression correlates with endoglin-assessed microvascularisation in laryngeal carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:1033-1037. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AimsSurvivin—a member of the family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins that control cell division, apoptosis and metastasis—is overexpressed in virtually all human cancers, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Recent findings also correlate survivin expression with the regulation of angiogenesis. The novel main aim of this study was a preliminary investigation into the potential role of survivin expression in LSCC neoangiogenesis, as determined by endoglin-assessed microvascular density (MVD).MethodsImmunohistochemical expression of nuclear survivin and endoglin-assessed MVD were ascertained by image analysis in 75 consecutive LSCCs.ResultsStatistical analysis disclosed a strong direct correlation between nuclear survivin expression and MVD. Patients whose nuclear survivin expression was ≥6.0% had a significantly higher LSCC recurrence rate, and a significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) than those with a nuclear survivin expression <6.0%. The LSCC recurrence rate was also higher and the DFS shorter in patients with endoglin-assessed MVD ≥6.89%. The OR for recurrence was 2.79 in patients with LSCC with a nuclear survivin expression ≥6.0%, and 12.31 in those with an MVD≥6.89%.ConclusionsSurvivin-targeting strategies to enhance tumour cell response to apoptosis and inhibit tumour growth should receive more attention with a view to developing agents for use in multimodality advanced LSCC treatment, or combined with conventional chemotherapy. Given the present preliminary evidence in LSCC, survivin targeting should also be further investigated for anti-angiogenic purposes, to reduce tumour blood flow and induce cancer necrosis.
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Stache C, Bils C, Fahlbusch R, Flitsch J, Buchfelder M, Stefanits H, Czech T, Gaipl U, Frey B, Buslei R, Hölsken A. Drug priming enhances radiosensitivity of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma via downregulation of survivin. Neurosurg Focus 2017; 41:E14. [PMID: 27903123 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.focus16316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the authors investigated the underlying mechanisms responsible for high tumor recurrence rates of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) after radiotherapy and developed new targeted treatment protocols to minimize recurrence. ACPs are characterized by the activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), known to mediate radioresistance in various tumor entities. The impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib or CUDC-101 on radiation-induced cell death and associated regulation of survivin gene expression was evaluated. METHODS The hypothesis that activated EGFR promotes radioresistance in ACP was investigated in vitro using human primary cell cultures of ACP (n = 10). The effects of radiation (12 Gy) and combined radiochemotherapy on radiosensitivity were assessed via cell death analysis using flow cytometry. Changes in target gene expression were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Survivin, identified in qRT-PCR to be involved in radioresistance of ACP, was manipulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), followed by proliferation and vitality assays to further clarify its role in ACP biology. Immunohistochemically, survivin expression was assessed in patient tumors used for primary cell cultures. RESULTS In primary human ACP cultures, activation of EGFR resulted in significantly reduced cell death levels after radiotherapy. Treatment with TKIs alone and in combination with radiotherapy increased cell death response remarkably, assessed by flow cytometry. CUDC-101 was significantly more effective than gefitinib. The authors identified regulation of survivin expression after therapeutic intervention as the underlying molecular mechanism of radioresistance in ACP. EGFR activation promoting ACP cell survival and proliferation in vitro is consistent with enhanced survivin gene expression shown by qRT-PCR. TKI treatment, as well as the combination with radiotherapy, reduced survivin levels in vitro. Accordingly, ACP showed reduced cell viability and proliferation after survivin downregulation by siRNA. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate an impact of EGFR signaling on radioresistance in ACP. Inhibition of EGFR activity by means of TKI treatment acts as a radiosensitizer on ACP tumor cells, leading to increased cell death. Additionally, the results emphasize the antiapoptotic and pro-proliferative role of survivin in ACP biology and its regulation by EGFR signaling. The suppression of survivin by treatment with TKI and combined radiotherapy represents a new promising treatment strategy that will be further assessed in in vivo models of ACP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Stache
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane Bils
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Flitsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Buchfelder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Stefanits
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Thomas Czech
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Udo Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rolf Buslei
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annett Hölsken
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Michmerhuizen NL, Birkeland AC, Bradford CR, Brenner JC. Genetic determinants in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and their influence on global personalized medicine. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:182-200. [PMID: 27551333 PMCID: PMC4979591 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While sequencing studies have provided an improved understanding of the genetic landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), there remains a significant lack of genetic data derived from non-Caucasian cohorts. Additionally, there is wide variation in HNSCC incidence and mortality worldwide both between and within various geographic regions. These epidemiologic differences are in part accounted for by varying exposure to environmental risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, high risk human papilloma viruses and betel quid. However, inherent genetic factors may also play an important role in this variability. As limited sequencing data is available for many populations, the involvement of unique genetic factors in HNSCC pathogenesis from epidemiologically diverse groups is unknown. Here, we review current knowledge about the epidemiologic, environmental, and genetic variation in HNSCC cohorts globally and discuss future studies necessary to further our understanding of these differences. Long-term, a more complete understanding of the genetic drivers found in diverse HNSCC cohorts may help the development of personalized medicine protocols for patients with rare or complex genetic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carol R Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Marioni G, Agostini M, Cappellesso R, Bedin C, Ottaviano G, Marchese-Ragona R, Lovato A, Cacco T, Giacomelli L, Nitti D, Blandamura S, Stellini E, de Filippis C. miR-19a and SOCS-1 expression in the differential diagnosis of laryngeal (glottic) verrucous squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:415-21. [PMID: 26502748 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal verrucous squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is a highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the diagnosis of which can meet with many pitfalls: benign hyperplastic lesions and conventional SCC are the most important differential diagnoses. The microRNA miR-19a is overexpressed in many solid tumours and regulates the suppressor of cytokine signalling-1 (SOCS-1) expression. AIMS The main endpoints were to assess miR-19a and SOCS-1 expression in glottic VSCC, and the former's potential role in differentiating between glottic VSCC, conventional SCC and hyperplastic lesions. METHODS The expression of MiR-19a (by reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR) and SOCS-1 (by immunohistochemistry, rabbit polyclonal anti-SOCS-1 antibody) was assessed in 11 consecutive cases of glottic VSCC, 20 of papillary hyperplasia and 42 cases of conventional SCC. RESULTS Mean miR-19a expression was significantly higher (p = 0.000) in malignant glottic lesions (conventional SCC/VSCC) than in benign conditions. Significant differences in mean miR-19a expression also emerged between conventional SCC and papillary hyperplasia (p = 0.000), and between conventional SCC and VSCC (p = 0.03). miR-19a expression was not statistically associated with SOCS-1 immunoreactivity or immunostaining intensity in VSCC, conventional SCC or papillary hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary outcomes suggest the utility of miR-19a in the challenging differential diagnosis of laryngeal VSCC. Although miR-19a has been found to regulate SOCS-1 expression, this evidence was not confirmed by this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Marioni
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica-Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy Nanomedicine Department, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Chiara Bedin
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica-Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ottaviano
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Lovato
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cacco
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Otolaryngology Section, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Donato Nitti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Stellini
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Odontostomatology Institute, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Cosimo de Filippis
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Audiology Unit, Treviso Hospital, Padova University, Treviso, Italy
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Dellal FD, Niyazoglu M, Gorar S, Ademoglu E, Candan Z, Bekdemir H, Hacioglu Y, Kaya FO. Serum survivin increases in prolactinoma. J Clin Med Res 2015; 7:248-52. [PMID: 25699121 PMCID: PMC4330017 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr2098w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolactinoma is the most common adult pituitary adenoma. Survivin is a member of the family of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins. Its expression is observed in many tumors. Survivin expression has shown in prolactinoma tissue before but no study exists showing serum survivin level. The aim of the present study was to investigate serum survivin levels in patients with prolactinoma and demonstrate its value in diagnosis of the disease. Methods The group of patients consisted of 25 women, aged from 17 to 51 years. As a control group, 21 healthy women, aged from 22 to 45 years were included. Twenty patients had microprolactinoma, while five patients had macroprolactinoma. All patients had received dopamine agonist treatment. Serum survivin levels were measured in all of the groups. Results Survivin levels were significantly higher in prolactinoma patients compared to controls (19.04 (10 - 38) pg/mL; 15.05 (8 - 22) pg/mL; P = 0.042). There was no difference between microadenoma and macroadenoma patients in survivin levels (19.22 (10 - 38) pg/mL; 18.40 (16 - 22) pg/mL; P = 0.914). In correlation analysis, survivin was not correlated with other parameters. Conclusions We consider that higher survivin levels might be a molecular marker predicting the presence of prolactinoma and may be useful for the diagnosis. But large-scale research is needed to clarify its role in diagnosis of prolactinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Dilek Dellal
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Niyazoglu
- Department of Endocrinology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suheyla Gorar
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esranur Ademoglu
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Candan
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Handan Bekdemir
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Hacioglu
- Department of Family Medicine, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Oner Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Marioni G, Ottaviano G, Lionello M, Fasanaro E, Staffieri C, Giacomelli L, Gattazzo S, Staffieri A, Blandamura S. A panel of biomarkers for predicting response to postoperative RT for laryngeal cancer? Am J Otolaryngol 2014; 35:771-8. [PMID: 25064017 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) improves locoregional control and survival rates for patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma (LSCC), but reported outcomes after PORT for LSCC vary considerably. Predictive markers (including biomarkers) are needed for LSCC to orient the choice of the most appropriate adjuvant therapy for individual patients. The aim of this study was to identify a panel of LSCC tissue markers (considering EGFR, mTOR, survivin, Bcl-2, angiogenin, endoglin [CD105], nm23-H1) capable of pinpointing patients at higher risk of recurrence among 33 LSCC cases treated with PORT. METHODS/RESULTS Univariate analysis found 4 biomarkers (mTOR, nuclear survivin, CD105, non-nuclear nm23-H1) significantly associated with LSCC recurrence. A collinearity emerged between mTOR and CD105 expressions. The predictive role of two different panels (panel 1: mTOR, nuclear survivin, non-nuclear nm23-H1; panel 2: CD105, nuclear survivin, non-nuclear nm23-H1) was considered. According to the Hosmer and Lemeshow scale, panel 1 demonstrated an outstanding discriminatory power (AUC 0.903) in predicting LSCC recurrence after PORT. Panel 2 had an excellent discriminatory power too (AUC 0.899). CONCLUSIONS Both panels of biomarkers showed an important discriminatory power in pinpointing patients at higher risk of recurrence after PORT for LSCC who could reasonably benefit from adjuvant postoperative chemo-RT.
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El Deeb NM, Abdelzaher E. Stem cell markers OCT4 and nestin in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and their relation to survivin expression. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:751-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Al-Ajmi N, Al-Maghrebi M, Renno WM. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Modulates the Differential Expression of Survivin Splice Variants and Protects Spermatogenesis During Testicular Torsion. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:259-65. [PMID: 23946684 PMCID: PMC3741481 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.4.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) during unilateral testicular torsion and detorsion (TT/D) was established in our previous study. In mice, the smallest inhibitor of apoptosis, survivin, is alternatively spliced into three variants, each suggested to have a unique function. Here, we assessed how EGCG exerts its protective effect through the expression of the different survivin splice variants and determined its effect on the morphology of the seminiferous tubules during TT/D. Three mouse groups were used: sham, TT/D+vehicle and TT/D treated with EGCG. The expression of the survivin variants (140 and 40) and other apoptosis genes (p53, Bax and Bcl-2) was measured with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Histological analysis was performed to assess DNA fragmentation, damage to spermatogenesis and morphometric changes in the seminiferous tubules. In the TT/D+vehicle group, survivin 140 expression was markedly decreased, whereas survivin 40 expression was not significantly different. In parallel, there was an increase in the mRNA level of p53 and the Bax to Bcl-2 ratio in support of apoptosis induction. Histological analyses revealed increased DNA fragmentation and increased damage to spermatogenesis associated with decreased seminiferous tubular diameter and decreased germinal epithelial cell thickness in the TT/D+vehicle group. These changes were reversed to almost sham levels upon EGCG treatment. Our data indicate that EGCG protects the testis from TT/D-induced damage by protecting the morphology of the seminiferous tubules and modulating survivin 140 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Al-Ajmi
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education & Training, Safat 13092, Kuwait
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Mulay K, Puthyapurayil FM, Mohammad JA, Hasnat Ali M, Honavar SG, Reddy VAP. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland: role of nuclear survivin (BIRC5) as a prognostic marker. Histopathology 2013; 62:840-6. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Mulay
- L.V. Prasad Eye Institute; Ocular Pathology Service; Hyderabad; India
| | | | | | | | - Santosh G Honavar
- L.V. Prasad Eye Institute; Ocular Oncology Service; Hyderabad; India
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17
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Marioni G, Staffieri A, Lionello M, Tealdo G, Staffieri C, Giacomelli L, Friso ML, Stramare R, Ottaviano G, Blandamura S. Relationship between anti-apoptotic proteins survivin and Bcl-2, and response to treatment in patients undergoing post-operative RT for laryngeal cancer: a pilot study. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 42:339-44. [PMID: 23126236 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicopathological research has focused on identifying molecular and biological prognostic factors for laryngeal carcinoma (LSCC) treated with post-operative radiotherapy (RT). The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic importance of anti-apoptotic proteins survivin and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in a series of patients with LSCC who had primary surgery followed by RT. METHODS Thirty-three consecutive patients who underwent primary surgery followed by RT were considered. Survivin nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions and Bcl-2 expression were determined immunohistochemically. RESULTS The loco-regional recurrence rate was significantly higher among LSCC patients with a nuclear survivin expression >10.0% (P = 0.029), and their disease-free survival (DFS) was shorter than in cases whose nuclear survivin expression was ≤10.0% (P = 0.002). DFS was significantly shorter in cases with a Bcl-2 expression >2.0% than in those whose Bcl-2 expression was ≤2.0% (P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Nuclear survivin expression and Bcl-2 expression warrant further investigation as potential predictive biomarkers to enable individualized treatments (e.g. post-operative chemo-radiotherapy instead of RT alone for patients whose LSCCs strongly express nuclear survivin or/and Bcl-2). This preliminary evidence justifies the design of new studies on the association of agents targeting survivin and Bcl-2 with conventional chemotherapeutic agents and RT for advanced LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Marioni
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
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Rationale Behind Survivin Inhibition as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Head and Neck Carcinoma too. Curr Oncol Rep 2012; 15:1-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-012-0267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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