In-depth hardness profiles of Stainless Steel and Ni-Ti endodontic instrument cross-sections by nano-indentation

Recent Progress on the Applications of Nanomaterials and Nano-Characterization Techniques in Endodontics: A Review

The impact of nano-based technologies in endodontics for the identification and treatment of various dental infections is showing fast progress. Studies show that nanoparticles could serve as useful agents with many beneficial results and continue to be promising in the field of endodontics. To ensure progress and improvements on novel nanomaterials in relation to their physicochemical and biological properties, nano-identification methods for the detection and evaluation of diseases need to be further highlighted. This study aims to review the current technological progress and recent research outcomes as well as possible prospective applications of nano-based technologies in endodontics. A comprehensive literature survey has been carried out on the utilizations of nanomaterials and nano-characterization techniques in endodontics. The current status and recent applications in endodontics are discussed with illustrative examples. The results have shown that the progress and improved accuracy of nano-identification techniques enabled a better characterization, evaluation and selection of appropriate treatment plans for endodontics-related diseases. The results have been inspiring for further clinical investigations. Nano-endodontics is still a developing field with a strong potential for revolutions of novel materials and techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of dental diseases. Further improvements in nanoparticles properties will pave the way for the development of many beneficial endodontic therapeutic agents. The future looks encouraging for sustainable products and testing methods for clinical endodontic applications.

A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study the physical properties of NiTi instruments and their fracture characteristics

The aim of this review is to provide a critical overview of the physical properties (surface hardness, cutting efficiency, bending properties, flexibility and cyclic fatigue resistance) of NiTi instruments. Frequently used experimental models regarding these aspects will be presented and discussed with regard to their strengths and weaknesses. For all these aspects, a plethora of experimental models have been described. Based on a critical appraisal and especially taking the appropriate translation of experimental findings to clinical endodontics into account, suggestions for future research based on clearly defined and valid experimental methodologies will be provided. Up to now, very few attempts have been made to assess which particular physical properties of NiTi instruments exert an impact on the clinical outcome of root canal treatment. Departure from merely focusing on physical properties and fracture characteristics towards more biological aspects in terms of treatment outcome is essential.