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Rastinfard A, Dalisson B, Barralet J. Aqueous decomposition behavior of solid peroxides: Effect of pH and buffer composition on oxygen and hydrogen peroxide formation. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:390-402. [PMID: 35405328 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of solid peroxides to provide sustained release of both oxygen and hydrogen peroxide makes them potentially suitable for oxygen release or antibacterial applications. Most recent reports using solid peroxides to augment oxygen levels do so by compounding solid peroxide powders in polymers to retard the aqueous decomposition. Compounds with peroxidase activity may be added to reduce hydrogen peroxide toxicity. Peroxides are rarely pure and are mixed with oxide and themselves decompose to form hydroxides in water. Therefore, even if buffering strategies are used, locally the pH at the surface of aqueously immersed peroxide particles is inevitably alkaline. Since pH affects the decomposition of peroxides and hydrogen peroxide stability, this study compared for the first-time the aqueous decomposition products of hydrogen and inorganic peroxides that are in use or have been used for medical applications of have been evaluated preclinically; calcium peroxide (CaO2), magnesium peroxide (MgO2), zinc peroxide (ZnO2), sodium percarbonate (Na2CO3.1.5H2O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Since plasma can be approximated to be carbonate buffered phosphate solution, we maintained pH using carbonate and phosphate buffers and compared results with citrate buffers. For a given peroxide compound, we identified not only a strong effect of pH but also of buffer composition on the extent to which oxygen and hydrogen peroxide formation occurred. The influence of buffer composition was not previously appreciated, thereby establishing in vitro parameters for better design of intentional release of specific decomposition species. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper compares for the first time the aqueous decomposition products oxygen and hydrogen peroxide of solid peroxy compounds of metal cations, (calcium, magnesium, sodium and zinc) across a pH range that could feasibly be found in the body, (pH 5,7, 9) either physiologically or pathologically. We find that in addition to pH, buffer composition is also a critically important factor, making translation from in vitro models challenging. Cytotoxicity was related to hydrogen peroxide release, alkalinity and in the case of zinc peroxide to the cation itself. In vitro and preclinical studies generally report release data from polymer-peroxide composites and rarely compare peroxides with one another. Together our data provide guidance for oxygen and ROS delivery from these inorganic materials.
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Zoya A, Tewari RK, Mishra SK, Faisal SM, Ali S, Kumar A, Moin S. Sodium percarbonate as a novel intracoronal bleaching agent: assessment of the associated risk of cervical root resorption. Int Endod J 2018; 52:701-708. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zoya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College & Hospital Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - R. K. Tewari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College & Hospital Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - S. K. Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College & Hospital Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - S. M. Faisal
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - S. Ali
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College & Hospital Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - A. Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College & Hospital Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - S. Moin
- Department of Biochemistry Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
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de Geus JL, Rezende M, Margraf LS, Bortoluzzi MC, Fernández E, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Kossatz S. Evaluation of Genotoxicity and Efficacy of At-home Bleaching in Smokers: A Single-blind Controlled Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2015; 40:E47-55. [DOI: 10.2341/14-121-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective
This single-blind controlled study evaluated the genotoxicity and efficacy of at-home bleaching in smokers and nonsmokers.
Methods
We selected 60 patients with central incisors A2 or darker: 30 smokers (experimental group) and 30 nonsmokers (control group). The bleaching was carried out with 10% carbamide peroxide for three hours a day for three weeks. The color was evaluated using a shade guide, Vita Bleachedguide 3D-Master, at baseline, during bleaching (first, second, and third weeks), and one week and one month after bleaching. Smears were obtained with a moistened wooden spatula from marginal gingiva. All the cytologic smears were stained with Giemsa solution. From each slide, 1000 cells were examined under 40× magnification and where micronuclei (MN) were located, they were examined under 100× magnification. The change in shade guide units at the different assessment periods and the frequency of MN were subjected to a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05).
Results
In both groups we detected a whitening of approximately 4 to 5 shade guide units, without color rebound after one month (p>0.05). The frequency of MN was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group, regardless of the bleaching treatment (p>0.001).
Conclusion
The efficacy of bleaching does not appear to be affected by the smoking habit. Additionally, at-home bleaching did not induce DNA damage to the gingival tissue during the bleaching period.
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Affiliation(s)
- JL de Geus
- Juliana L. de Geus, MS, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Parana, Brazil
| | - M Rezende
- Márcia Rezende, MS. State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - LS Margraf
- Letícia S. Margraf, graduate student, State University of Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - MC Bortoluzzi
- Marcelo C. Bortoluzzi, PhD, State University of Ponta Grossa, Stomatology, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - E Fernández
- Eduardo Fernández, PhD, University of Chile, Restorative Dentistry, Santiago, Chile
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro D. Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, Ponta Grossa State University, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - S Kossatz
- Stella Kossatz, DDS, MS, PhD, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Restorative Dentistry, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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ALMEIDA AFD, TORRE EDN, SELAYARAN MDS, LEITE FRM, DEMARCO FF, LOGUERCIO AD, ETGES A. Genotoxic potential of 10% and 16% Carbamide Peroxide in dental bleaching. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100217. [PMID: 25590507 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ward CL, Corona BT, Yoo JJ, Harrison BS, Christ GJ. Oxygen generating biomaterials preserve skeletal muscle homeostasis under hypoxic and ischemic conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72485. [PMID: 23991116 PMCID: PMC3753241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Provision of supplemental oxygen to maintain soft tissue viability acutely following trauma in which vascularization has been compromised would be beneficial for limb and tissue salvage. For this application, an oxygen generating biomaterial that may be injected directly into the soft tissue could provide an unprecedented treatment in the acute trauma setting. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine if sodium percarbonate (SPO), an oxygen generating biomaterial, is capable of maintaining resting skeletal muscle homeostasis under otherwise hypoxic conditions. In the current studies, a biologically and physiologically compatible range of SPO (1-2 mg/mL) was shown to: 1) improve the maintenance of contractility and attenuate the accumulation of HIF1α, depletion of intramuscular glycogen, and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) that occurred following ∼30 minutes of hypoxia in primarily resting (duty cycle = 0.2 s train/120 s contraction interval <0.002) rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in vitro (95% N2-5% CO2, 37°C); 2) attenuate elevations of rat EDL muscle resting tension that occurred during contractile fatigue testing (3 bouts of 25 100 Hz tetanic contractions; duty cycle = 0.2 s/2 s = 0.1) under oxygenated conditions in vitro (95% O2-5% CO2, 37°C); and 3) improve the maintenance of contractility (in vivo) and prevent glycogen depletion in rat tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in a hindlimb ischemia model (i.e., ligation of the iliac artery). Additionally, injection of a commercially available lipid oxygen-carrying compound or the components (sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide) of 1 mg/mL SPO did not improve EDL muscle contractility under hypoxic conditions in vitro. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that a biological and physiological concentration of SPO (1-2 mg/mL) injected directly into rat skeletal muscle (EDL or TA muscles) can partially preserve resting skeletal muscle homeostasis under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L. Ward
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Benjamin T. Corona
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James J. Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Benjamin S. Harrison
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - George J. Christ
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
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Hintzen F, Laffleur F, Sarti F, Shahnaz G, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiomers: influence of molar mass on in situ gelling properties. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:120-6. [PMID: 22683454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of molar mass of thiolated polymers (thiomers) on their in situ gelling properties. Chitosan-thioglycolic acid (chitosan-TGA) and pectin-cysteine (pectin-Cys) of increasing molar mass were chosen to produce in situ gels in combination with carbamide peroxide. Low molar mass chitosan (~2 kDa) was prepared by oxidative degradation with NaNO(2), whereas pectin was depolymerized by heat treatment. Thiomers, displaying 1271-1616 μmol (chitosan-TGA) and 305-403 μmol (pectin-Cys) free thiol groups per gram polymer, were synthesized via amide bond formation mediated by a carbodiimide. The results showed that a reduction of molar mass combined with increased concentrations of both cationic chitosan-TGA and anionic pectin-Cys leads to higher final viscosities and to a higher relative increase in viscosity within 60 min and 180 min, respectively. Using this method, the dynamic viscosity of a very low molar mass chitosan-TGA (~2 kDa) could be increased 100,000-fold within 60 min and 390,000-fold within 180 min. In view of these in situ gelling properties carbohydrate thiomers might be useful for various pharmaceutical applications such as vehicle for drug delivery or as wound dressing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hintzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Ahmed HMA, Abbott PV. Discolouration potential of endodontic procedures and materials: a review. Int Endod J 2012; 45:883-97. [PMID: 22621247 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in endodontic materials and techniques are at the forefront of endodontic research. Despite continuous improvements, tooth discolouration, especially in anterior teeth, is considered an undesirable consequence following endodontic treatment as it creates a range of aesthetic problems. This article aims to discuss the intrinsic and internalized tooth discolouration caused by endodontic procedures, and to address the discolouration potential of materials used during root canal treatment, including root canal irrigants, intra-canal medicaments, endodontic and post-endodontic filling materials. In addition, the discolouration patterns caused by combined endodontic and nonendodontic aetiological factors are discussed. The recommended guidelines that should be followed by dental practitioners to prevent and manage tooth discolouration are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M A Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Hintzen F, Laffleur F, Sakloetsakun D, Leithner K, Bernkop-Schnürch A. In situgelling properties of anionic thiomers. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 38:1479-85. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.653813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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EMOTO M, TOMITA K, KANEMARU N, TOKUDA M, TORII M. Development of surface coating material for discolored tooth equipped with bleaching effect. Dent Mater J 2012; 31:797-805. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kuga MC, dos Santos Nunes Reis JM, Fabrício S, Bonetti-Filho I, de Campos EA, Faria G. Fracture strength of incisor crowns after intracoronal bleaching with sodium percarbonate. Dent Traumatol 2011; 28:238-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2011.01077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milton Carlos Kuga
- Departments of Restorative Dentistry Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, University Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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