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Activities of indigenous proteases in cow, buffalo and goat milk of Indian subcontinent and their correlation with somatic cell count. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Panopoulos G, Moatsou G, Psychogyiopoulou C, Moschopoulou E. Microfiltration of Ovine and Bovine Milk: Effect on Microbial Counts and Biochemical Characteristics. Foods 2020; 9:E284. [PMID: 32143320 PMCID: PMC7143640 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research work was to assess the effect of the microfiltration (ceramic membranes 1.4 μm, 50 °C) of partially defatted ovine milk (fat 0.4%) and bovine milk (fat 0.3%) characteristics. Feed milks, permeates and retentates were analyzed for microbial counts, gross composition, protein fractions, the indigenous enzymes cathepsin D and alkaline phosphatase and the behavior during renneting. It was showed that the microbial quality of both ovine and bovine permeate was improved by reduction of the total mesophilic microflora about 4 Log and 2 Log, respectively. The protein contents and the total solids contents of both permeates were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. A further analysis of protein fractions by Reversed Phase -High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) revealed lower αs1- and β-casein and higher κ-casein contents in permeates. The activity of alkaline phosphatase followed the allocation of the fat content, while activity of cathepsin D in permeates was not influenced, although somatic cells counts were removed. Regarding cheesemaking properties, the firmness of ovine curd made from the feed milk did not differ significantly from that made from the permeate. The obtained results suggested that microfiltration could be used for pre-treating of ovine milk prior to cheesemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ekaterini Moschopoulou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
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Sánchez-Macías D, Hernández-Castellano L, Morales-delaNuez A, Herrera-Chávez B, Argüello A, Castro N. Somatic cells: A potential tool to accelerate low-fat goat cheese ripening. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rasmussen MD, Larsen LB. Milking hygiene: new issues and opportunities from automatic milking. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2003.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dallas DC, Murray NM, Gan J. Proteolytic Systems in Milk: Perspectives on the Evolutionary Function within the Mammary Gland and the Infant. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2015; 20:133-47. [PMID: 26179272 PMCID: PMC4637187 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-015-9334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk contains elements of numerous proteolytic systems (zymogens, active proteases, protease inhibitors and protease activators) produced in part from blood, in part by mammary epithelial cells and in part by immune cell secretion. Researchers have examined milk proteases for decades, as they can cause major defects in milk quality and cheese production. Most previous research has examined these proteases with the aim to eliminate or control their actions. However, our recent peptidomics research demonstrates that these milk proteases produce specific peptides in healthy milk and continue to function within the infant's gastrointestinal tract. These findings suggest that milk proteases have an evolutionary function in aiding the infant's digestion or releasing functional peptides. In other words, the mother provides the infant with not only dietary proteins but also the means to digest them. However, proteolysis in the milk is controlled by a balance of protease inhibitors and protease activators so that only a small portion of milk proteins are digested within the mammary gland. This regulation presents a question: If proteolysis is beneficial to the infant, what benefits are gained by preventing complete proteolysis through the presence of protease inhibitors? In addition to summarizing what is known about milk proteolytic systems, we explore possible evolutionary explanations for this proteolytic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Dallas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Niamh M Murray
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Junai Gan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Abstract
A variety of proteases release hundreds of endogenous peptide fragments from intact bovine milk proteins. Mass spectrometry-based peptidomics allows for high throughput sequence assignment of a large number of these peptides. Mastitis is known to result in increased protease activity in the mammary gland. Therefore, we hypothesized that subclinically mastitic milks would contain higher concentrations of released peptides. In this work, milks were sampled from three cows and, for each, one healthy and one subclinically mastitic teat were sampled for milk. Peptides were analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry and identified with database searching. In total, 682 peptides were identified. The total number of released peptides increased 146% from healthy to subclinically mastitic milks (p < 0.05), and the total abundance of released peptides also increased significantly (p < 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis of enzyme cleavage revealed increases in activity of cathepsin D and elastase (p < 0.05) with subclinical mastitis.
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Sánchez-Macías D, Morales-delaNuez A, Torres A, Hernández-Castellano L, Jiménez-Flores R, Castro N, Argüello A. Effects of addition of somatic cells to caprine milk on cheese quality. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Le Maréchal C, Thiéry R, Vautor E, Le Loir Y. Mastitis impact on technological properties of milk and quality of milk products—a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-011-0009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Albenzio M, Santillo A, Caroprese M, d’Angelo F, Marino R, Sevi A. Role of endogenous enzymes in proteolysis of sheep milk. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:79-86. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Albenzio M, D’Angelo F, Marzano A, Schena L, Sevi A. Indigenous enzymes and leukocyte in sheep milk are markers of health status and physiology of the mammary gland. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Albenzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni, dell’Ingegneria, della Meccanica e dell’Economia applicate ai Sistemi Agro-zootecnici (PrIME), Università di Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca D’Angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni, dell’Ingegneria, della Meccanica e dell’Economia applicate ai Sistemi Agro-zootecnici (PrIME), Università di Foggia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni, dell’Ingegneria, della Meccanica e dell’Economia applicate ai Sistemi Agro-zootecnici (PrIME), Università di Foggia, Italy
| | - Laura Schena
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni, dell’Ingegneria, della Meccanica e dell’Economia applicate ai Sistemi Agro-zootecnici (PrIME), Università di Foggia, Italy
| | - Agostino Sevi
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni, dell’Ingegneria, della Meccanica e dell’Economia applicate ai Sistemi Agro-zootecnici (PrIME), Università di Foggia, Italy
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Moatsou G, Katsaros G, Bakopanos C, Kandarakis I, Taoukis P, Politis I. Effect of high-pressure treatment at various temperatures on activity of indigenous proteolytic enzymes and denaturation of whey proteins in ovine milk. Int Dairy J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Effect of high-pressure treatment at various temperatures on indigenous proteolytic enzymes and whey protein denaturation in bovine milk. J DAIRY RES 2008; 75:262-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s002202990800321x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of high pressure (HP) processing (200, 450 and 650 MPa) at various temperatures (20, 40 and 55°C) on the total plasmin plus plasminogen-derived activity (PL), plasminogen activator(s) (PA) and cathepsin D activities and on denaturation of major whey proteins in bovine milk. Data indicated that transfer of both PL and PA from the casein micelles to milk serum occurred at all pressures utilized at room temperature (20°C). In addition to the transfer of PL and PA from micelles, there were reductions in activities of PL (16–18%) and PA (38–62%) for the pressures 450 and 650 MPa, at room temperature. There were synergistic negative effects between pressure and temperature on residual PL activity at 450 and 650 MPa and on residual PA activity only at 450 MPa. Cathepsin D activity in the acid whey from HP-treated milk was in general baroresistant at room temperature. The residual activity of cathepsin D decreased significantly at 650 MPa and 40°C and at the pressures 450 and 650 MPa at 55°C. Synergistic negative effects on the amount of native β-lactoglobulin were observed at 450 and 650 MPa and on the amount of native α-lactalbumin at 650 MPa. There were significant correlations between enzymatic activities (PL, PA and cathepsin D) and the residual native β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin in bovine milk. In conclusion, HP significantly affected the activity of indigenous proteolytic enzymes and whey protein denaturation in bovine milk. Reduction in activity of indigenous enzymes (PL, PA and cathepsin D) and transfer of PL and PA from the casein to milk serum induced by HP is expected to have a profound effect on cheese yield, proteolysis during cheese ripening and quality of UHT milk during storage.
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Napoli A, Aiello D, Di Donna L, Prendushi H, Sindona G. Exploitation of endogenous protease activity in raw mastitic milk by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Anal Chem 2007; 79:5941-8. [PMID: 17602500 DOI: 10.1021/ac0704863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The proteic profiling of bovine milk produced by cows with subclinical mastitis was obtained by MALDI mass spectrometry. A simple procedure of chemical fractionation of raw milk was developed, whereby less complex fractions of proteins were obtained prior to mass spectrometric and SDS-PAGE analysis. The profiles of milk proteins thus obtained could allow the identification of either early markers of the acute phase of mastitis or endogenous peptide of innate immune response. The activity of the endogenous proteases in raw milk produced from each quarter of healthy and mastic cows was therefore assayed over 24-, 48-, 96-, and 216-h incubation at 37 degrees C at both physiological and acid pH. Sequence-specific peptides were identified for each fraction by MS/MS experiments, and all tandem mass spectra were evaluated using MASCOT database searching. The results show a specific proteolytic activity of endogenous enzyme toward beta-casein precursor (P02666), alpha-S2-casein (P02663), alpha-S1-casein (P02662), and kappa-casein (P02668).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Napoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
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Larsen L, McSweeney P, Hayes M, Andersen J, Ingvartsen K, Kelly A. Variation in activity and heterogeneity of bovine milk proteases with stage of lactation and somatic cell count. Int Dairy J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marino R, Considine T, Sevi A, McSweeney P, Kelly A. Contribution of proteolytic activity associated with somatic cells in milk to cheese ripening. Int Dairy J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chen L, Daniel R, Coolbear T. Detection and impact of protease and lipase activities in milk and milk powders. Int Dairy J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0958-6946(02)00171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Enright E, Patricia Bland A, Needs EC, Kelly AL. Proteolysis and physicochemical changes in milk on storage as affected by UHT treatment, plasmin activity and KIO3 addition. Int Dairy J 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0958-6946(99)00128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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