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Manzur-Valdespino S, Arias-Rico J, Ramírez-Moreno E, Sánchez-Mata MDC, Jaramillo-Morales OA, Angel-García J, Zafra-Rojas QY, Barrera-Gálvez R, Cruz-Cansino NDS. Applications and Pharmacological Properties of Cactus Pear ( Opuntia spp.) Peel: A Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1903. [PMID: 36431039 PMCID: PMC9696565 DOI: 10.3390/life12111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the exploitation of by-products from fruits and vegetables, generated from industrial processing or human feeding. Residues of popularly consumed fruits such as orange, lemon, banana, pomegranate, among others, have been widely described and studied; however, cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) residues, as a locally consumed product, have been forgotten. The whole fruit can be divided into the edible portion (pulp) and the non-edible portion (seeds and peel). Several studies mainly focus on the characteristics of the edible portion or in the whole fruit, ignoring by-products such as peels, which are rich in compounds such as phenols, flavonoids and dietary fiber; they have also been proposed as an alternative source of lipids, carbohydrates and natural colorants. Some uses of the peel have been reported as a food additives, food supplements, as a source of pectins and for wastewater treatment; however, there have not been any deep investigations of the characteristics and potential uses of the cactus pear peel (CPP). The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of the current research on CPP. CPP has many bio-active compounds that may provide health benefits and may also be useful in pharmaceutical, food and manufacturing industries; however, greater research is needed in order to gain thorough knowledge of the possibilities of this by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Manzur-Valdespino
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - José Arias-Rico
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - María de Cortes Sánchez-Mata
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Osmar Antonio Jaramillo-Morales
- Nursing and Obstetrics Department, Life Sciences Division, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, University of Guanajuato, Ex Hacienda El Copal, Km. 9 Carretera Irapuato-Silao, A.P 311, Irapuato 36500, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Julieta Angel-García
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Quinatzin Yadira Zafra-Rojas
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Rosario Barrera-Gálvez
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Nelly del Socorro Cruz-Cansino
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
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Paturi G, Butts CA, Stoklosinski H, Herath TD, Monro JA. Short-term feeding of fermentable dietary fibres influences the gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity in rats. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunaranjan Paturi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; Private Bag 92169 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Christine A. Butts
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; Private Bag 11600 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - Halina Stoklosinski
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; Private Bag 11600 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - Thanuja D. Herath
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; Private Bag 11600 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - John A. Monro
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; Private Bag 11600 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
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Butts CA, Paturi G, Tavendale MH, Hedderley D, Stoklosinski HM, Herath TD, Rosendale D, Roy NC, Monro JA, Ansell J. The fate of (13)C-labelled and non-labelled inulin predisposed to large bowel fermentation in rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:1825-32. [PMID: 26778667 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The fate of stable-isotope (13)C labelled and non-labelled inulin catabolism by the gut microbiota was assessed in a healthy rat model. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to diets containing either cellulose or inulin, and were fed these diets for 3 days. On day (d) 4, rats allocated to the inulin diet received (13)C-labelled inulin. The rats were then fed the respective non-labelled diets (cellulose or inulin) until sampling (d4, d5, d6, d7, d10 and d11). Post feeding of (13)C-labelled substrate, breath analysis showed that (13)C-inulin cleared from the host within a period of 36 hours. Faecal (13)C demonstrated the clearance of inulin from gut with a (13)C excess reaching maximum at 24 hours (d5) and then declining gradually. There were greater variations in caecal organic acid concentrations from d4 to d6, with higher concentrations of acetic, butyric and propionic acids observed in the rats fed inulin compared to those fed cellulose. Inulin influenced caecal microbial glycosidase activity, increased colon crypt depth, and decreased the faecal output and polysaccharide content compared to the cellulose diet. In summary, the presence of inulin in the diet positively influenced large bowel microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Butts
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Gunaranjan Paturi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Duncan Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Halina M Stoklosinski
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Thanuja D Herath
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Douglas Rosendale
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Nicole C Roy
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand and Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - John A Monro
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. and Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Juliet Ansell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. and Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Perez-Chab ML, Cerda-Tapi A, Diaz-Vela J, Delgadillo PC, Diaz MM, Aleman G. Physiological Effects of Agroindustrial Co-Products: Cactus (Opuntia ficus) Pear Peel Flour and Stripe Apple (Malus domestica) Marc Flour on Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2015.346.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shen RL, Dang XY, Dong JL, Hu XZ. Effects of oat β-glucan and barley β-glucan on fecal characteristics, intestinal microflora, and intestinal bacterial metabolites in rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11301-8. [PMID: 23113683 DOI: 10.1021/jf302824h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective was to determine the beneficial effects of oat β-glucan (OG) and barley β-glucan (BG) on gut health. A total of 200 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups of 40 rats each, control group (CON), low-dose OG-administered group (OGL), high-dose OG-administered group (OGH), low-dose BG-administered group (BGL), and high-dose BG-administered group (BGH). OGL and OGH were administered oat β-glucan by intragastric gavage at a dose of 0.35 g/kg of body weight (BW) and 0.70 g/kg of BW daily for 6 weeks, and BGL and BGH were administered barley β-glucan. The CON received normal saline. Intestinal-health-related indexes were analyzed at baseline, week 3, week 6, and week 7. Cereal β-glucan significantly influenced the fecal water content, pH value, ammonia levels, β-glucuronidase activity, azoreductase activity, and colonic short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations (p < 0.05). Moreover, the population of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium increased (p < 0.05), whereas the number of Enterobacteriaceae decreased (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner during the period of cereal β-glucan administration. These results suggested that cereal β-glucan might exert favorable effects on improving intestinal functions and health but the gut-health-promoting effects of oat β-glucan were better than those of barley β-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ling Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 5 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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