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Hernández-Lara A, Ros M, Cuartero J, Bustamante MÁ, Moral R, Andreu-Rodríguez FJ, Fernández JA, Egea-Gilabert C, Pascual JA. Bacterial and fungal community dynamics during different stages of agro-industrial waste composting and its relationship with compost suppressiveness. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150330. [PMID: 34818753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an advantageous and efficient process for recycling organic waste and producing organic fertilizers, and many kinds of microorganisms are involved in obtaining quality compost with suppressive activity against soil-borne pathogens. The aim of this work was to evaluate the main differences in the effects of three composting piles on the whole bacterial and fungal communities of baby-leaf lettuce crops and to determine the specific communities by high-throughput sequencing related to suppressiveness against the soil-borne plant pathogen Pythium irregulare- (P. irregulare). Compost pile A was composed of 47% vineyard pruning waste, 34% tomato waste and 19% leek waste; pile B was composed of 54% vineyard pruning waste and 46% tomato waste; and pile C was composed of 42% vineyard pruning waste, 25% tomato waste and 33% olive mill cake. The temperature and the chemical properties of the piles were monitored throughout the composting process. In addition, the potential suppressive capacity of the three composts (C_A, C_B and C_C) against P. irregulare in baby-leaf lettuce was assessed. We found that the bacterial community changed according to the composting phases and composting pile and was sensitive to chemical changes throughout the composting process. The fungal community, on the other hand, did not change between the composting piles and proved to be less influenced by chemical properties, but it did change, principally, according to the composting phases. All composts obtained were considered stable and mature, while compost C_C showed higher maturity than composts C_A and C_B. During composting, the three piles contained a greater relative abundance of Bacterioidetes, Proteobacterias and Actinobacterias related to the suppression of soil-borne pathogens such as Pythium irregulare. Composts C_A and C_B, however, showed higher suppressiveness against P. irregulare than compost C_C. Deeper study showed that this observed suppressiveness was favored by a higher abundance of genera that have been described as potential suppressive against P. irregulare, such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Truepera and Luteimonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Hernández-Lara
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Margarita Ros
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jessica Cuartero
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Bustamante
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raul Moral
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Andreu-Rodríguez
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan A Fernández
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; Plant Biotechnology Institute, Edificio I + D + i, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Catalina Egea-Gilabert
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; Plant Biotechnology Institute, Edificio I + D + i, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pascual
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Hernández-Lara A, Ros M, Pérez-Murcia MD, Bustamante MÁ, Moral R, Andreu-Rodríguez FJ, Fernández JA, Egea-Gilabert C, Antonio Pascual J. The influence of feedstocks and additives in 23 added-value composts as a growing media component on Pythium irregulare suppressivity. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 120:351-363. [PMID: 33340817 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alternative materials with added-value functions, such as phytopathogen suppression and biostimulant and/or biofertilising activity, have been proposed as peat substitutes in growing media. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of 23 agro-industrial composts as components of growing media for baby-leaf lettuce transplant production and their activity against the plant pathogen Pythium irregulare. The composts were produced by mixing different starting feedstocks-tomato waste, leek waste, olive mill cake and vineyard pruning waste-with different additives (coffee, thyme, lavender and rockrose waste), which were incorporated at the beginning of the maturation phase. The results obtained indicated that the composts were mature enough to be used as growing media. The fresh weight of the lettuce plants grown with the different composts was significantly higher than in plants obtained with peat. Composts with the coffee additive produced higher lettuce fresh weight, while those with thyme yielded a lower fresh weight. Moreover, composts as components of growing media showed significantly higher P. irregulare suppressiveness than peat. The composts with additives produced lower lettuce fresh weight than composts without additives, but showed higher suppressiveness. Composts with additives showed opposite results depending on whether they were exposed to pathogens or not. Composts with additives showed opposite results according to pathogen pressure or not. Out of all the composts studied, the compost with tomato waste and leek waste as the initial feedstock, and lavender as an additive, showed the highest suppressive capacity. After lettuce harvesting, the growing media with composts showed significantly lower concentrations of P. irregulare than peat. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the growing media with compost can be grouped together according to the additive type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Hernández-Lara
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Margarita Ros
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez-Murcia
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Bustamante
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raul Moral
- Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Miguel Hernández University, EPS-Orihuela, ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Juan A Fernández
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; Plant Biotechnology Institute, Edificio I + D + i, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Catalina Egea-Gilabert
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; Plant Biotechnology Institute, Edificio I + D + i, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pascual
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Han LR, Zhang X, Feng JT. Antifungal Activity and Action Mode of Cuminic Acid from the Seeds of Cuminum cyminum L. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum (FON) Causing Fusarium Wilt on Watermelon. Molecules 2017; 22:E2053. [PMID: 29189726 PMCID: PMC6150018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to develop a novel biofungicide, the antifungal activity and action mode of cuminic acid from the seed of Cuminum cyminum L. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) on watermelon was determined systematically. In this study, the median effective concentration (EC50) value for cuminic acid in inhibiting mycelial growth of FON was 22.53 μg/mL. After treatment with cuminic acid, the mycelial morphology was seriously influenced; cell membrane permeability and glycerol content were increased markedly, but pigment and mycotoxin (mainly fusaric acid) were significantly decreased. Synthesis genes of bikaverin (Bike1, Bike2 and Bike3) and fusaric acid (FUB1, FUB2, FUB3 and FUB4) both were downregulated compared with the control, as confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. In greenhouse experiments, cuminic acid at all concentrations displayed significant bioactivities against FON. Importantly, significant enhancement of activities of SOD, POD, CAT and decrease of MDA content were observed after in vivo cuminic acid treatment on watermelon leaves. These indicated that cuminic acid not only showed high antifungal activity, but also could enhance the self-defense system of the host plant. Above all, cuminic acid showed the potential as a biofungicide to control FON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Li Rong Han
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jun Tao Feng
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China.
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Ros M, Raut I, Santisima-Trinidad AB, Pascual JA. Relationship of microbial communities and suppressiveness of Trichoderma fortified composts for pepper seedlings infected by Phytophthora nicotianae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174069. [PMID: 28346470 PMCID: PMC5367787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the dynamic of soil-borne diseases is related to the microbial composition of the rhizosphere which is the key to progress in the field of biological control. Trichoderma spp. is commonly used as a biological control agent. The use of next generation sequencing approaches and quantitative PCR are two successful approaches to assess the effect of using compost as substrate fortified with two Trichoderma strains (Trichoderma harzianum or Trichoderma asperellum) on bacterial and fungal communities in pepper rhizosphere infected with Phytophthora nicotianae. The results showed changes in the bacterial rhizosphere community not attributed to the Trichoderma strain, but to the pathogen infection, while, fungi were not affected by pathogen infection and depended on the type of substrate. The Trichoderma asperellum fortified compost was the most effective combination against the pathogen. This could indicate that the effect of fortified composts is greater than compost itself and the biocontrol effect should be attributed to the Trichoderma strains rather than the compost microbiota, although some microorganisms could help with the biocontrol effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Ros
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Iulia Raut
- National institute for Research & Development in Chemistry & Petrochemistry – ICECHIM, Biotechnology & Bioanalysis group, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Belén Santisima-Trinidad
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Pascual
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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Zhou Y, Selvam A, Wong JWC. Effect of Chinese medicinal herbal residues on microbial community succession and anti-pathogenic properties during co-composting with food waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 217:190-199. [PMID: 27039351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the antimicrobial properties of Chinese medicinal herbal residues (CMHRs) during its co-composting with food waste (FW) in two different ratios along with a control. Inhibition on total microbial population were assessed while the numerically dominant microbes were isolated and their antagonistic effects were assessed. Results indicate that the active ingredients persist in the composting mass did not affect the microbes unspecifically as revealed from almost similar bacterial and fungal populations. Rather specific inhibitory activities against Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum were observed. Apart from the CMHR-born active compounds, CMHR-induced changes in the antagonistic and mycoparasitic abilities of the bacteria and fungi also contribute to the specific inhibition against the tested pathogens. Therefore use of CMHRs during the composting of CMHRs enhances its antipathogenic property resulting in an anti-pathogenic compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ammaiyappan Selvam
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Bernal-Vicente A, Pascual JA, Tittarelli F, Hernández JA, Diaz-Vivancos P. Trichoderma harzianum T-78 supplementation of compost stimulates the antioxidant defence system in melon plants. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2208-2214. [PMID: 25255983 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compost is emerging as an alternative plant growing medium in efforts to achieve more sustainable agriculture. The addition of specific microorganisms such as Trichoderma harzianum to plant growth substrates increases yields and reduces plant diseases, but the mechanisms of such biostimulants and the biocontrol effects are not yet fully understood. In this work we investigated how the addition of citrus and vineyard composts, either alone or in combination with T. harzianum T-78, affects the antioxidant defence system in melon plants under nursery conditions. RESULTS Compost application and/or Trichoderma inoculation modulated the antioxidant defence system in melon plants. The combination of citrus compost and Trichoderma showed a biostimulant effect that correlated with an increase in ascorbate recycling enzymes (monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase) and peroxidase. Moreover, the inoculation of both composts with Trichoderma increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, especially those involved in ascorbate recycling. CONCLUSION Based on the long-established relationship between ascorbic acid and plant defence responses as well as plant growth and development, it can be suggested that ascorbate recycling activities play a major role in the protection provided by Trichoderma and its biostimulant effect and that these outcomes are linked to increases in antioxidant enzymes. We can conclude that the combination of citrus compost and T. harzianum T-78 constitutes a viable, environmentally friendly strategy for improving melon plant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Bernal-Vicente
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - José A Pascual
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fabio Tittarelli
- Centro per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per lo studio delle relazioni tra pianta e suolo (CRA-RPS), via della Navicella, 2, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - José A Hernández
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Diaz-Vivancos
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Abiala MA, Odebode AC, Hsu SF, Blackwood CB. Phytobeneficial Properties of Bacteria Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Maize in Southwestern Nigerian Soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4736-43. [PMID: 25956774 PMCID: PMC4551208 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00570-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol agents isolated outside Africa have performed inconsistently under field conditions in Africa. The development of indigenous phytobeneficial microbial strains that suit local environments may help enhance competitiveness with in situ microorganisms and effectiveness at suppressing local pathogen strains. We isolated bacteria from the rhizosphere of maize growing in southwestern Nigeria and assessed them for growth-promoting characteristics. The best isolates were characterized using 16S rRNA genes and were further evaluated in the greenhouse on maize seedlings. Four isolates (EBS8, IGBR11, EPR2, and ADS14) were outstanding in in vitro assays of antagonistic activity against a local strain of Fusarium verticillioides, phosphate solubilization efficiency, chitinase enzyme activity, and indole-3-acetic acid production. Inoculation of maize seeds with these isolates resulted in ≥95% maize seed germination and significantly enhanced radicle and plumule length. In the greenhouse, maize seedling height, stem girth, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot mass (dry matter), and nutrient contents were significantly enhanced. The bioprotectant and phytobeneficial effects were strongest and most consistent for isolate EBS8, which was identified as a Bacillus strain by 16S rRNA gene analysis. As a bacterial strain that exhibits multiple growth-promoting characteristics and is adapted to local conditions, EBS8 should be considered for the development of indigenous biological fertilizer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Abiala
- Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - A C Odebode
- Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - S F Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - C B Blackwood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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Blaya J, López-Mondéjar R, Lloret E, Pascual JA, Ros M. Changes induced by Trichoderma harzianum in suppressive compost controlling Fusarium wilt. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 107:112-119. [PMID: 25149244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The addition of species of Trichoderma to compost is a widespread technique used to control different plant diseases. The biological control activity of these species is mainly attributable to a combination of several mechanisms of action, which may affect the microbiota involved in the suppressiveness of compost. This study was therefore performed to determine the effect of inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) on compost, focusing on bacterial community structure (16S rRNA) and chitinase gene diversity. In addition, the ability of vineyard pruning waste compost, amended (GCTh) or not (GC) with T. harzianum, to suppress Fusarium wilt was evaluated. The addition of T. harzianum resulted in a high relative abundance of certain chitinolytic bacteria as well as in remarkable protection against Fusarium oxysporum comparable to that induced by compost GC. Moreover, variations in the abiotic characteristics of the media, such as pH, C, N and iron levels, were observed. Despite the lower diversity of chitinolytic bacteria found in GCTh, the high relative abundance of Streptomyces spp. may be involved in the suppressiveness of this growing media. The higher degree of compost suppressiveness achieved after the addition of T. harzianum may be due not only to its biocontrol ability, but also to changes promoted in both abiotic and biotic characteristics of the growing media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Blaya
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rubén López-Mondéjar
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Lloret
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Pascual
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Margarita Ros
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Wang L, Cai K, Chen Y, Wang G. Silicon-mediated tomato resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum is associated with modification of soil microbial community structure and activity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:275-83. [PMID: 23371799 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious soil-borne disease of Solanaceae crops. In this study, the soil microbial effects of silicon-induced tomato resistance against R. solanacearum were investigated through pot experiment. The results showed that exogenous 2.0 mM Si treatment reduced the disease index of bacterial wilt by 19.18 % to 52.7 % compared with non-Si-treated plants. The uptake of Si was significantly increased in the Si-treated tomato plants, where the Si content was higher in the roots than that in the shoots. R. solanacearum inoculation resulted in a significant increase of soil urease activity and reduction of soil sucrase activity, but had no effects on soil acid phosphatase activity. Si supply significantly increased soil urease and soil acid phosphatase activity under pathogen-inoculated conditions. Compared with the non-inoculated treatment, R. solanacearum infection significantly reduced the amount of soil bacteria and actinomycetes by 52.5 % and 16.5 %, respectively, but increased the ratio of soil fungi/soil bacteria by 93.6 %. After R. solanacearum inoculation, Si amendments significantly increased the amount of soil bacteria and actinomycetes and reduced soil fungi/soil bacteria ratio by 53.6 %. The results suggested that Si amendment is an effective approach to control R. solanacearum. Moreover, Si-mediated resistance in tomato against R. solanacearum is associated with the changes of soil microorganism amount and soil enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Yogev A, Laor Y, Katan J, Hadar Y, Cohen R, Medina S, Raviv M. Does organic farming increase soil suppression against Fusarium wilt of melon? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13165-011-0016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Bradley GG, Punja ZK. Composts containing fluorescent pseudomonads suppress fusarium root and stem rot development on greenhouse cucumber. Can J Microbiol 2011; 56:896-905. [PMID: 21076480 DOI: 10.1139/w10-076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three composts (Ball, dairy, and greenhouse) were tested for the ability to suppress the development of Fusarium root and stem rot (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum) on greenhouse cucumber. Dairy and greenhouse composts significantly reduced disease severity (P = 0.05), while Ball compost had no effect. Assessment of total culturable microbes in the composts showed a positive relationship between disease suppressive ability and total population levels of pseudomonads. In vitro antagonism assays between compost-isolated bacterial strains and the pathogen showed that strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited the greatest antagonism. In growth room trials, strains of P. aeruginosa and nonantagonistic Pseudomonas maculicola, plus 2 biocontrol strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, were tested for their ability to reduce (i) survival of F. oxysporum, (ii) colonization of plants by the pathogen, and (iii) disease severity. Cucumber seedlings grown in compost receiving P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens had reduced disease severity index scores after 8 weeks compared with control plants without bacteria. Internal stem colonization by F. oxysporum was significantly reduced by P. aeruginosa. The bacteria colonized plant roots at 1.9 × 10(6) ± 0.73 × 10(6) CFU·(g root tissue)-1 and survival was >107 CFU·(g compost)-1 after 6 weeks. The locus for 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production was detected by Southern blot analysis and confirmed by PCR. The production of the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol in liquid culture by P. aeruginosa was confirmed by thin layer chromatography. These results demonstrate that composts containing antibiotic-producing P. aeruginosa have the potential to suppress diseases caused by Fusarium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey G Bradley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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Beaulieu R, López-Mondéjar R, Tittarelli F, Ros M, Pascual JA. qRT-PCR quantification of the biological control agent Trichoderma harzianum in peat and compost-based growing media. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2793-2798. [PMID: 21030250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To ensure proper use of Trichoderma harzianum in agriculture, accurate data must be obtained in population monitoring. The effectiveness of qRT-PCR to quantify T. harzianum in different growing media was compared to the commonly used techniques of colony counting and qPCR. Results showed that plate counting and qPCR offered similar T. harzianum quantification patterns of an initial rapid increase in fungal population that decreased over time. However, data from qRT-PCR showed a population curve of active T. harzianum with a delayed onset of initial growth which then increased throughout the experiment. Results demonstrated that T. harzianum can successfully grow in these media and that qRT-PCR can offer a more distinct representation of active T. harzianum populations. Additionally, compost amended with T. harzianum exhibited a lower Fusarium oxysporum infection rate (67%) and lower percentage of fresh weight loss (11%) in comparison to amended peat (90% infection rate, 23% fresh weight loss).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Beaulieu
- Department of Soil Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Effect of biofumigation with manure amendments and repeated biosolarization on Fusarium densities in pepper crops. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:3-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Vassileva M, Serrano M, Bravo V, Jurado E, Nikolaeva I, Martos V, Vassilev N. Multifunctional properties of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms grown on agro-industrial wastes in fermentation and soil conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:1287-99. [PMID: 19946684 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the most studied approaches in solubilization of insoluble phosphates is the biological treatment of rock phosphates. In recent years, various techniques for rock phosphate solubilization have been proposed, with increasing emphasis on application of P-solubilizing microorganisms. The P-solubilizing activity is determined by the microbial biochemical ability to produce and release metabolites with metal-chelating functions. In a number of studies, we have shown that agro-industrial wastes can be efficiently used as substrates in solubilization of phosphate rocks. These processes were carried out employing various technologies including solid-state and submerged fermentations including immobilized cells. The review paper deals critically with several novel trends in exploring various properties of the above microbial/agro-wastes/rock phosphate systems. The major idea is to describe how a single P-solubilizing microorganism manifests wide range of metabolic abilities in different environments. In fermentation conditions, P-solubilizing microorganisms were found to produce various enzymes, siderophores, and plant hormones. Further introduction of the resulting biotechnological products into soil-plant systems resulted in significantly higher plant growth, enhanced soil properties, and biological (including biocontrol) activity. Application of these bio-products in bioremediation of disturbed (heavy metal contaminated and desertified) soils is based on another important part of their multifunctional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vassileva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
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15
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Bernal-Vicente A, Ros M, Tittarelli F, Intrigliolo F, Pascual JA. Citrus compost and its water extract for cultivation of melon plants in greenhouse nurseries. Evaluation of nutriactive and biocontrol effects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:8722-8728. [PMID: 18499444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two different types of citrus composts, and their water extracts, were tested with regard to their utilisations as partial substitutes for peat in growing media for melon seedlings in greenhouse nurseries. Both compost showed higher plant growth than peat. Compost composed by citrus waste and green residue (C2) showed greater plant growth than compost obtained from the same organic matrices mentioned above further the addition of sludge obtained from citrus industry (C1). Compost C2 showed a greater auxinic effect than C1 and it was the only one that showed cytokinic effect. Both composts also demonstrated a biocontrol effect against Fusarium oxysporum for melon plants: the effects were also higher in C2 than in C1. Higher number of isolated fungi was active against F. oxysporum in compost C2, than compost C1. No different bacterial biocontrol efficacy was observed between both composts. The water extracts of both composts gave lower plant yields than their solid matrices, their relative effects being similar to those of the solid composts (C2 extract gave higher plant yields than the extract from C1). The biocontrol effects of compost water extracts followed the same trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernal-Vicente
- Department of Soil Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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