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Ogihara S, Yamaguchi T, Sato T, Aoki K, Komori K, Sasaki M, Murakami H, Ishii Y, Tateda K. Assessing the discriminability of PCR-based open reading frame typing versus single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis via draft whole-genome sequencing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in nosocomial transmission analysis. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00056-4. [PMID: 38437985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis based on single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based through whole-genome sequencing is recognized as the standard method for probing nosocomial transmission. However, the application of WGS is constrained by the high cost of equipment and the need for diverse analysis tools, which limits its widespread use in clinical laboratory settings. In Japan, the prevalent use of PCR-based open reading frame typing (POT) for tracing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission routes is attributed to its simplicity and ease of use. Although POT's discriminatory power is considered insufficient for nosocomial transmission analysis, conclusive data supporting this notion is lacking. This study assessed the discriminatory capabilities of SNP analysis and POT across 64 clinical MRSA strains. All 21 MRSA strains of ST5/SCCmec IIa, having more than 16 SNPs, demonstrated distinct clones. Conversely, two strains shared the same POT number and were identified as group A. Among the 12 MRSA strains of ST8/SCCmec IVl with over nine SNPs, five fell into POT group B, and five into POT group C. All four MRSA strains of ST8/SCCmec IVa were classified into POT group D, although they included strains with more than 30 SNPs. Among the 27 MRSA strains of ST1/SCCmec IVa, 14 were classified into POT group E. However, except for two clusters (each comprising two or three strains), all had SNP counts >10 (Fig.1-D). SNP analysis of MRSA in CC1/SCCmec IV showed that several strains had the same number of SNPs in POT number (106-183-37), even among bacteria with >100 SNPs, indicating POT's limited use in detailed nosocomial transmission analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ogihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan; Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, Toho University Omori 12 Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Aoki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kohji Komori
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Masakazu Sasaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Hinako Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Toho University Omori Medical Center, 6-11-1, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
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Furuya H, Ogura K, Takemoto N, Watanabe S, Yamazaki A, Ogai K, Sugama J, Okamoto S. A multilocus sequence typing method of Staphylococcus aureus DNAs in a sample from human skin. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:438-446. [PMID: 37574717 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The skin and mucous membranes are the primary sites of Staphylococcus aureus colonization, particularly those of health care personnel and patients in long-term care centers. We found that S. aureus colonized with a higher abundance ratio on skins which had recovered from pressure injury (PI) than on normal skins in our earlier research on the skin microbiota of bedridden patients. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a useful tool for typing S. aureus isolated from clinical specimens. However, the MLST approach cannot be used in microbiota DNA owing to the contamination from other bacteria species. In this study, we developed a multiplex-nested PCR method to determine S. aureus MLST in samples collected from human skins. The seven pairs of forward and reverse primers were designed in the upstream and downstream regions, which were conserved specifically in S. aureus. The first amplifications of the seven pairs were conducted in a multiplex assay. The samples were diluted and applied to conventional PCR for MLST. We confirmed that the method amplified the seven allele sequences of S. aureus specifically in the presence of untargeted DNAs from human and other skin commensal bacteria. Using this assay, we succeeded in typing sequence types (STs) of S. aureus in the DNA samples derived from the skins healed from PI. Peaks obtained by Sanger sequencing showed that each sample contained one ST, which were mainly categorized into clonal complex 1 (CC1) or CC5. We propose that this culture-free approach may be used in detecting S. aureus in clinical specimens without isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Furuya
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogura
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Gokasho, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takemoto
- Pathogenic Microbe Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yamazaki
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogai
- AI Hospital/Macro Signal Dynamics Research and Development Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Junko Sugama
- Research Center for Implementation Nursing Science Initiative, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Kishita M, Matsumura Y, Yamamoto M, Nagao M, Takemura M, Sumi M, Osawa M, Nakano Y, Tanikawa S, Tsukaguchi F, Ikemoto T, Kushima R. Increase in the frequency of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones among inpatients of acute care hospitals in the Kyoto and Shiga regions, Japan. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:458-463. [PMID: 36702205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific epidemic clones of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) are responsible for the worldwide spread of MRSA. However, in recent years, the isolation of community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) clones has been increasing. We investigated the latest molecular epidemiology trends of HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA clones in the Kyoto and Shiga regions, Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS All nonduplicate MRSA isolates obtained from the clinical specimens of inpatients at four acute care hospitals in the Kyoto and Shiga regions between 2014 and 2019 were typed using the PCR-based open reading frame typing (POT) method. CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA were classified according to the POT1 values. We performed whole-genome sequencing analysis for representative isolates displaying common POT types. RESULTS A total of 2413 isolates were included in the study, comprising 1730 nosocomial and 683 nonnosocomial isolates. The rates of HA-MRSA decreased from 50.2% in 2014 to 19.0% in 2019, while those of CA-MRSA increased from 44.7% to 76.4% (p < 0.001). Isolates belonging to the most common 10 POT types (CA-MRSA, n = 6; HA-MRSA, n = 4) accounted for 42% of the isolates studied and were obtained from 3 or more hospitals. Whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that the common CA-MRSA isolates with POT types 106-137-80, 106-9-80, 106-9-2, and 106-137-2, those with POT types 106-183-37 and 106-129-5, and HA-MRSA isolates with POT types 93-191-103, 93-157-127, 93-137-103, and 93-223-111 belonged to ST8-SCCmecIV, ST1-SCCmecIV, and ST764-SCCmecII, respectively. CONCLUSION A recent clonal shift from HA-MRSA to CA-MRSA occurred, and specific regional clones were prevalent among inpatients in the Kyoto and Shiga regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kishita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Matsumura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miwa Takemura
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masaki Sumi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Makoto Osawa
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nakano
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shohei Tanikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Fumie Tsukaguchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ikemoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kushima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Shiga, Japan
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Shoji T, Muto R, Sakai R, Matsumura H, Uchida T, Kitta F, Inoue O, Kawata K, Akazawa M. Estimated medical costs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection classified by polymerase chain reaction-based open reading frame typing in Japan. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 8:528-543. [PMID: 36694583 PMCID: PMC9834076 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective, observational cohort study investigated the economic impact of genotype by classifying methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by using the polymerase chain reaction-based open reading frame typing (POT) method. Using administrative claims and bacteriological data for April 2016 to March 2021 from the University of Yamanashi Hospital, we ascertained the POT1 numbers and classified MRSA as either "hospital-derived" or "community-derived". We defined MRSA-associated medical practices and estimated the associated medical costs. After applying inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-based adjustment for patient characteristics between the two groups, we estimated the differences in medical costs during the "total therapy period" (defined as the interval from specimen submission to Day 42 after the susceptibility report) and the "definitive therapy period" (defined as the interval from susceptibility reporting to Day 42). Among the 135 MRSA-infected patients, 54 and 81 were classified as having hospital-derived and community-derived MRSA infections, respectively. Significant differences in patient characteristics were observed with regard to age (p = 0.0478), sex (p = 0.0422), surgery (p = 0.0349), chemotherapy (p = 0.0457) and immunosuppressive drug use (p = 0.0222). The median duration of the definitive therapy was 29 and 27 days, and the mortality rate during this period was 11% and 5% for the hospital-derived and community-derived types, respectively. After IPTW-based adjustment, the medical costs for the total therapy period were 324,480 and 296,462 Japanese yen (JPY) per patient for the hospital-derived and community-derived types, respectively, whereas the medical costs for the definitive therapy period were 279,635 and 256,542 JPY per patient for the hospital-derived and community-derived types, respectively. No statistically significant difference was detected (p = 0.5813 and p = 0.6355, respectively). In this study, MRSA healthcare costs were compared according to the POT scores, and no statistically significant differences were observed between hospital-derived and community-derived MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Shoji
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan,Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2–522–1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204–8588, Japan,Division of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Yamanashi Hospital, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan,* Correspondence: ; Tel: +81552731111; Fax: +81552736672
| | - Ryusei Muto
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2–522–1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204–8588, Japan
| | - Ryoko Sakai
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2–522–1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204–8588, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsumura
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan,Division of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Yamanashi Hospital, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan
| | - Takashi Uchida
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Yamanashi Hospital, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan,Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Yamanashi Hospital, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kitta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan
| | - Osamu Inoue
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Yamanashi Hospital, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan
| | - Keishi Kawata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Yamanashi Hospital, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan
| | - Manabu Akazawa
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2–522–1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204–8588, Japan
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Nonogaki R, Iijima A, Kawamura K, Kayama S, Sugai M, Yagi T, Arakawa Y, Doi Y, Suzuki M. PCR-based ORF typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae for rapid identification of global clones and transmission events. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2050-2062. [PMID: 35797348 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections. In this study, we aimed to develop a rapid and simple genotyping method that can characterize strains causing nosocomial infections. METHODS AND RESULTS The PCR-based open reading frame (ORF) typing (POT) method consists of two multiplex PCR reactions which were designed to detect 25 ORFs specific to bacterial genetic lineages, species, antimicrobial resistant genes (blaCTX-M group-1 , blaCTX-M group-9 , blaIMP and blaKPC ), a capsular K1-specific gene, and a virulence factor gene (rmpA/A2). The electrophoresis results are then digitized. A total of 192 strains (136 clinical and 8 reference strains of K. pneumoniae, 33 clinical and 1 reference strains of K. variicola, and 14 clinical strains of K. quasipneumoniae) were classified into 95, 26, and 11 POT values, respectively. The distribution patterns of ORFs among K. pneumoniae correlated well with multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Furthermore, closely related species could be distinguished and key antimicrobial resistance and hypervirulence genes were identified as part of POT. CONCLUSIONS The POT method was developed and validated for K. pneumoniae. In comparison to MLST, the POT method is a rapid and easy genotyping method for monitoring transmission events by K. pneumoniae in clinical microbiology laboratories. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The POT method supplies clear and informative molecular typing results for K. pneumoniae. The method would facilitate molecular epidemiological analysis in infection control and hospital epidemiology investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Nonogaki
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Anna Iijima
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kawamura
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shizuo Kayama
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yagi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Arakawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Doi
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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Nakamura M, Kawada H, Uchida H, Takagi Y, Obata S, Eda R, Hanaki H, Kitasato H. Single nucleotide polymorphism leads to daptomycin resistance causing amino acid substitution-T345I in MprF of clinically isolated MRSA strains. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245732. [PMID: 33481910 PMCID: PMC7822245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Daptomycin (DAP) is one of the most potent antibiotics used for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Due to an increase in its administration for combating MRSA infections, DAP non-susceptible (DAP-NS) MRSA strains have recently been reported in clinical settings. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the multiple peptide resistance factor (mprF) gene is the most frequently reported cause for the evolution of DAP-NS MRSA strains; however, there are some variations of SNPs that could lead to DAP-NS. In this study, we used two clinical MRSA strains, including DAP susceptible (DAP-S) and DAP-NS, isolated from the same patient at different time points. We introduced T345I SNP to mprF of the DAP-S MRSA strain using the gene exchange method with pIMAY vector. Further, we investigated the phenotype of the mutant strain, including drug susceptibility, cell surface positive charge, and growth speed. The mutant strain exhibited (i) resistance to DAP, (ii) up-regulation of positive surface charge, (iii) slower growth speed, and (iv) thickened cell walls. Hence, the SNP in mprF may have caused an up-regulation in MprF function, with a subsequent increase in positive surface charge. Cumulatively, these results demonstrated that the T345I amino acid substitution in mprF represents one of the primary causes of DAP-NS in MRSA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Research Center for Infection control, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hayato Kawada
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Uchida
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takagi
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obata
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Eda
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hanaki
- Research Center for Infection control, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidero Kitasato
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
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Clinical characteristics and molecular analysis of USA300 and ST 764 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from outpatients in Japan by PCR-Based open reading frame typing. J Infect Chemother 2020; 27:466-472. [PMID: 33139181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION USA300 is the most common community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain. Sequence type (ST) 764 MRSA is a new local variant of the ST 5 lineage. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of USA300 and ST 764 infections among outpatients in Japan. METHODS We obtained MRSA isolates from 132 outpatients who visited our hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 and compared USA300 infection group to ST 764 infection group. Molecular analysis, including that of various toxins and other virulence factors, of the MRSA isolates were performed. In particular, we investigated the relationships among PCR-based open reading frame typing (POT) scores, MRSA clones, and virulence factors. RESULTS Twenty-seven USA300 isolates (20.5%) and 16 ST 764 isolates (12.1%) were identified. Although USA300 and ST 764 had lower rates of risk factors, their infection rates were higher. USA300-infected patients had higher rates of deep skin and soft tissue infections compared with the non-USA300 CA-MRSA-infected patients. Notably, the USA300 and ST 764 isolates had unique POT scores. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that USA300 MRSA was spreading in an area 120 km west of Tokyo, Japan. We observed multiple cases of ST 764 MRSA infection, raising concerns about the antimicrobial resistance of ST 764, as it limits the choices of antibiotics to treat infection. The POT score can predict the presence of toxins and virulence factors, as well as the clone identity of MRSA with high accuracy.
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Nakaie K, Yamada K, Kuwabara G, Imoto W, Yamairi K, Shibata W, Oshima K, Niki M, Sakurai N, Nonose Y, Okada Y, Fujita A, Kaneko Y, Kakeya H. Three-year epidemiological analysis of Clostridioides difficile infection and the value of hospital-infection control measures in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Japan using PCR-based open-reading frame typing. J Infect Chemother 2020; 27:179-184. [PMID: 32950394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clostridioides difficile is an important causative pathogen in antibiotic-associated colitis and nosocomial infections. This study aimed to assess immunochromatographic test results for C. difficile infection and the utility of PCR-based open-reading frame typing (POT) for potentially controlling the intra-ward transmission of C. difficile. METHODS We conducted a molecular epidemiological analysis using POT to investigate 102 inpatients who tested positive for the C. difficile toxin using immunochromatography in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Japan between 2016 and 2018; isolates from the patients were obtained and cultured. RESULTS The number of POT numbers detected in 2016, 2017, and 2018 were 27 (among 34 patients), 20 (among 31 patients), and 28 (among 37 patients), respectively. During this three-year period, there were seven cases whose bacterial strains with the same POT number was identified in the same ward within 6 months. The intra-ward transmission rate was the highest in 2017 (16.1%). Intra-ward transmission was identified at a higher rate in patients whose sample cultures tested toxin-positive than in patients whose sample cultures tested toxin- and glutamate-dehydrogenase-positive via immunochromatography (16% vs. 3%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the use of immunochromatographic tests for C. difficile diagnosis and epidemiological analyses via POT may be helpful for evaluating intra-ward transmission of C. difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Nakaie
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Gaku Kuwabara
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Waki Imoto
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazushi Yamairi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Wataru Shibata
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Oshima
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Niki
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sakurai
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yuka Nonose
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Okada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujita
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kaneko
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Bacteriology, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kakeya
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka City University Hospital, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Department of Infection Control Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
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9
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Tsujiwaki A, Hisata K, Tohyama Y, Matsunaga N, Uehara Y, Sasaki T, Hiramatsu K, Shimizu T. Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Japanese neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Int 2020; 62:911-919. [PMID: 32215993 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been few reports on the genetic structure of the current population of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Japan. In the present study we conducted a molecular epidemiological analysis based on whole genome sequencing against MRSA strains in a Japanese NICU. METHODS We performed genotyping by whole genome sequencing, polymerase chain reaction-based typing of Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and polymerase chain reaction-based open-reading frame typing against 57 MRSA strains from fecal or nasal specimens from NICU patients in Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital in 2013-2014. RESULTS Forty-nine MRSA strains (86.0%) exhibited a clonal complex (CC) 1, and were divided into three sequence types (STs): ST2725 (n = 25), ST2764 (n = 21), and ST1 (n = 3). All CC1 MRSA strains had SCCmec IVa, and were resistant to new quinolones, which are limited in pediatric use, suggesting that these strains were derived from adult MRSA clones. Single nucleotide polymorphism differences of both ≤10 and >100 nucleotides were observed by pairwise, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis among ST2725 and ST2764 MRSA strains, respectively. Seven ST8 MRSA strains (12.2%) were isolated, and no strain exhibiting the Japanese hospital-associated MRSA genotype (ST5/SCCmec II) was isolated in this study. CONCLUSIONS Our molecular epidemiological analysis suggested that ST2725 and ST2764 MRSA strains had genetic diversity that could not be explained only by a recent transmission event in the NICU. These MRSA clones might be disseminated in other Japanese hospital facilities as new endemic clones. Our results are expected to contribute to the improvement of infection control measures of MRSA in NICUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tsujiwaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Hisata
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yudai Tohyama
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsunaga
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Uehara
- Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Animal Research Center, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hiramatsu
- Department of Infection Control Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Nagano N, Kawakami Y, Matsumoto T, Tanimoto K, Kashihara M, Nagata M, Honjyo H, Yamamoto K, Takada A, Sugiura T. Isolation of thymidine-dependent and extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli small-colony variant from urine of a septuagenarian female patient with recurrent cystitis: A case report with genetic investigation. J Infect Chemother 2020; 26:1066-1069. [PMID: 32571646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thymidine-dependent small-colony variant (TD-SCV) of Escherichia coli was isolated from urine of a septuagenarian female patient on hemodialysis suffering from recurrent cystitis. The patient had been treated with frequent administrations of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (SXT), every time her cystitis symptoms developed. In the TD-SCV isolate, the deletion was detected in the thyA gene associated with thymidylate synthase. Interestingly, the isolate was found to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), and the experiment on conjugational transfer of the resistance trait was successful. By means of genetic analysis, the isolate was found to carry blaCTX-M-1 group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of urinary tract infection caused by the transmissible ESBL-producing TD-SCV of E. coli. MICs of the TD-SCV were obtained only on the Mueller Hinton agar media supplemented with appropriate concentrations of thymidine, which might lead to the difficulty for proper chemotherapy in daily medicine. Furthermore, transmission of the ESBL gene via plasmid should be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Nagano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, 570-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawakami
- Division of Infection Control and Microbiological Regulation, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Takehisa Matsumoto
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanimoto
- Laboratory of Bacterial Drug Resistance, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masami Kashihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, 570-8507, Japan
| | - Megumi Nagata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, 570-8507, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Honjyo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, 570-8507, Japan
| | - Konosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, 570-8507, Japan
| | - Atsuaki Takada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, 570-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sugiura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi, 570-8507, Japan
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11
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Brancaccio M, Mennitti C, Laneri S, Franco A, De Biasi MG, Cesaro A, Fimiani F, Moscarella E, Gragnano F, Mazzaccara C, Limongelli G, Frisso G, Lombardo B, Pagliuca C, Colicchio R, Salvatore P, Calabrò P, Pero R, Scudiero O. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Risk for General Infection and Endocarditis Among Athletes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E332. [PMID: 32570705 PMCID: PMC7345113 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first studies on Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infections in athletes were conducted in the 1980s, and examined athletes that perform in close physical contact, with particular attention to damaged or infected skin. Recent studies have used molecular epidemiology to shed light on the transmission of SA in professional athletes. These studies have shown that contact between athletes is prolonged and constant, and that these factors influence the appearance of infections caused by SA. These results support the need to use sanitary measures designed to prevent the appearance of SA infections. The factors triggering the establishment of SA within professional sports groups are the nasal colonization of SA, contact between athletes and sweating. Hence, there is a need to use the most modern molecular typing methods to evaluate the appearance of cutaneous SA disease. This review aims to summarize both the current SA infections known in athletes and the diagnostic methods employed for recognition, pointing to possible preventive strategies and the factors that can act as a springboard for the appearance of SA and subsequent transmission between athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.F.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Adelaide Franco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.F.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Margherita G. De Biasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.F.); (M.G.D.B.)
| | - Arturo Cesaro
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Center of Excellence for Research on Cardiovascular Diseases Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Felice Gragnano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (A.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (C.M.); (G.F.); (B.L.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy
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12
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Saeki M, Sato T, Furuya D, Yakuwa Y, Sato Y, Kobayashi R, Ono M, Nirasawa S, Tanaka M, Nakafuri H, Nakae M, Shinagawa M, Asanuma K, Yanagihara N, Yokota SI, Takahashi S. Clonality investigation of clinical Escherichia coli isolates by polymerase chain reaction-based open-reading frame typing method. J Infect Chemother 2020; 26:38-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Thongratsakul S, Usui M, Higuchi H, Takahashi T, Sato T, Poolkhet C, Tamura Y. Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in raw milk from cows in Hokkaido, Japan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1631-1637. [PMID: 31845117 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotypes and genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw bovine milk in Hokkaido, Japan. S. aureus isolates were identified in 135 of 436 milk samples from cows with and without signs of mastitis from three farms in Hokkaido. These clinical isolates were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, molecular typing using phage-open-reading frame typing (POT), coagulase gene type, virulence genes, and biofilm-associated genes and were evaluated for biofilm-forming ability. Most isolates were susceptible to the antimicrobial agents tested. The highest rate of resistance was to ampicillin. Molecular typing of all S. aureus isolates indicated a predominance of coagulase type VI and 0-17-34 POT type, and virulence genes were highly prevalent in the isolates from all farms. Moreover, a high percentage of the 0-17-34 POT type isolates showed extensive formation of biofilm. These findings will help veterinarians and farmers to understand the epidemiology of S. aureus so that they can monitor the transmission and spread of this pathogen and control it more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Thongratsakul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Takahashi
- Livestock Hygiene, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chaithep Poolkhet
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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14
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Hanawa T, Shimoda-Komatsu Y, Araki K, Ohyama M, Ohnishi H, Kamiya S, Matsuda T. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Caused by Different Genotypes of PVL-Positive Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Jpn J Infect Dis 2019; 73:72-75. [PMID: 31666493 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2019.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a causative agent of lethal necrotizing pneumonia and is associated with epidemic strains of community-acquired (CA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). PVL-producing strains have rarely been isolated in Japan. However, PVL-positive CA-MRSA has been isolated much more frequently in recent years. To investigate the relevance of pvl genes (lukS/F-PV) and clinical traits in epidemic S. aureus strains, we genotyped four PVL-positive CA-MRSA strains isolated from patients with skin and soft tissue infections and measured their susceptibility to antibiotics. Three of the isolates matched the genotype of the USA300 clone, which has predominantly been isolated in the USA. The remaining strain matched the ST217 genotype, and its spa type was identical to that of PVL-positive strains previously reported in India and China. Abscess drainage was necessary in all cases, and deep cutaneous ulcers were formed in three out of four cases regardless of the genotype. The ST217 genotype strain was resistant to clindamycin, in addition to quinolones, macrolides, and aminoglycosides. Thus, diagnostic determination of lukS/F-PV should be used as a guide for selecting the treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hanawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | | | - Koji Araki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroaki Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | - Takeaki Matsuda
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine
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15
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Peng C, Hanawa T, Azam AH, LeBlanc C, Ung P, Matsuda T, Onishi H, Miyanaga K, Tanji Y. Silviavirus phage ɸMR003 displays a broad host range against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of human origin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7751-7765. [PMID: 31388727 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of life-threatening methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has led to increased interest in the use of bacteriophages as an alternative therapy to antibiotics. The success of phage therapy is greatly dependent on the selected phage possessing a wide host range. This study describes phage ɸMR003 isolated from sewage influent at a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Tokyo, Japan. ɸMR003 could infect 97% of 104 healthcare- and community-associated MRSA strains tested, compared with 73% for phage ɸSA012, which has a broad host range against bovine mastitis S. aureus. Genome analysis revealed that ɸMR003 belongs to the genus Silviavirus which has not been studied extensively. ɸMR003 recognizes and binds to wall teichoic acid (WTA) of S. aureus during infection. In silico comparisons of the genomes of ɸMR003 and ɸSA012 revealed that ORF117 and ORF119 of ɸMR003 are homologous to the putative receptor-binding proteins ORF103 and ORF105 of ɸSA012, with amino acid similarities of 75% and 72%, respectively. ORF104, which is an N-acetylglucosaminidase found in the ɸMR003 tail, may facilitate phage's infection onto the WTA-null S. aureus RN4220. The differences in tail and baseplate proteins may be key contributing factors to the different host specificities of ɸMR003 and ɸSA012. ɸMR003 showed strong adsorptivity, but not infectivity, against S. aureus SA003, which may be influenced by the bacterium's restriction modification system. This study expands our knowledge of the genomic diversity and host specificity of Silviavirus, which is a potential phage therapy candidate for MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanthol Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., P.O. Box 86, Phnom Penh, 12156, Cambodia
| | - Tomoko Hanawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Aa Haeruman Azam
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Cierra LeBlanc
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Porsry Ung
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Blvd., P.O. Box 86, Phnom Penh, 12156, Cambodia
| | - Takeaki Matsuda
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Onishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tanji
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259J2-15 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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16
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Kawamura K, Kitaoka K, Kimura K, Wachino JI, Kondo T, Iinuma Y, Murakami N, Fujimoto S, Arakawa Y. Spread of seb-Positive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus SCC mec Type II-ST764 Among Elderly Japanese in Nonacute Care Settings. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:915-924. [PMID: 30897025 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among 356 residents of nine long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Japan during 2015 and 2017. In total, 800 specimens were tested and 39 MRSA isolates were recovered from 31 (8.71%) residents. PCR-based open reading frame typing (POT) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing were performed for the 39 MRSA isolates; five of them showing identical pulsotypes, and POT scores were excluded in further analysis. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, multilocus sequence typing, and toxin gene detection were performed for one representative MRSA isolate per resident. Among the 34 unrelated MRSA isolates, 15 (44.1%) and 19 (55.9%) were of SCCmec types II and IV, respectively, and belonged to seven sequence types (STs). Among the 15 SCCmec II isolates, 11 (73.3%), 3, and 1 belonged to ST764 (clonal complex [CC]5), ST5 (CC5), and ST630 (CC8), respectively. Among the 19 SCCmec IV isolates, 13 (68.4%), 3, 2, and 1 belonged to ST1 (CC1), ST474 (CC1), ST8 (CC8), and ST380 (CC8), respectively. Among the 14 CC5 lineage-SCCmec II isolates, one ST5 isolate and 7 of the 11 ST764 isolates (63.6%) carried seb gene, and 14 (87.5%) of 16 CC1 lineage-SCCmec IV isolates had sea gene (p < 0.05). The results indicate that the seb-positive SCCmec type II-ST764 clone has spread in Japanese LTCF environments. As LTCF residents have multiple comorbidities and increased susceptibility to infections, it is necessary to monitor MRSA colonization in LTCFs through periodic screening to prevent dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kawamura
- 1 Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kitaoka
- 2 Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kouji Kimura
- 2 Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Wachino
- 2 Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kondo
- 1 Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Iinuma
- 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Murakami
- 4 Center for Nutrition Support and Infection Control, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shuhei Fujimoto
- 5 Department of Bacteriology and Bacterial Infection, Division of Host Defense Mechanism, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Arakawa
- 2 Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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17
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Nakamura A, Misawa S, Chonan M, Kawakami T, Horii T, Komatsu N, Ohsaka A. Efficacy of PCR-based open reading frame typing assay for outbreak investigation of metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hematology unit. J Infect Chemother 2018; 24:1020-1023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Maeda N, Hagiya H, Takiuchi T, Kusakabe S, Maeda T, Kimura K, Iwai S, Kawasaki K, Hori Y, Morii E, Kanakura Y, Kimura T, Tomono K. Persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia owing to placental abscess. J Infect Chemother 2018; 24:975-979. [PMID: 29804839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus as a pathogen in human gestational membranes, a rather rare phenomenon, has recently been the focus of several researches. S. aureus forms biofilms on these membranes and potentially causes chorioamnionitis in pregnant women. We report a case of persistent methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteremia owing to placental infection, causing chorioamnionitis and preterm birth. A 29-year-old Japanese woman at the 27th gestational week was diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia and underwent all-trans retinoic acid therapy. Soon after hospitalization, the patient presented with persistent MRSA bacteremia of unknown origin. Despite various antimicrobial therapies, she experienced 12 MRSA bacteremia episodes over 6 weeks. However, after child birth, MRSA bacteremia disappeared without any complications. A pathologic examination of her placenta revealed placenta abscess, resulting in a diagnosis of MRSA-associated chorioamnionitis. Molecular analysis proved that a single MRSA strain (SCCmec Type IVa), which tested negative for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, caused the obstinate infection. We should be aware that persistent MRSA bacteremia in pregnant women can originate from placental abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Maeda
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hagiya
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Takiuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | - Keigo Kimura
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | - Sayuri Iwai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Yumiko Hori
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tomono
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Japan
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19
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Walker DD, David MZ, Catalano D, Daum R, Gluth MB. In Vitro Susceptibility of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Ototopical Therapy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599818762382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David D. Walker
- Section of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Z. David
- Section of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dominic Catalano
- Section of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert Daum
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael B. Gluth
- Section of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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20
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Osaka S, Okuzumi K, Koide S, Tamai K, Sato T, Tanimoto K, Tomita H, Suzuki M, Nagano Y, Shibayama K, Arakawa Y, Nagano N. Genetic shifts in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidemic clones and toxin gene profiles in Japan: comparative analysis among pre-epidemic, epidemic and post-epidemic phases. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:392-399. [PMID: 29458554 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The decline in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolation rates has become a general observation worldwide, including Japan. We hypothesized that some genetic shift in MRSA might cause this phenomenon, and therefore we investigated the genetic profiles among MRSA clinical isolates obtained from three different epidemic phases in Japan. METHODOLOGY A total of 353 MRSA isolates were selected from 202 medical facilities in 1990 (pre-epidemic phase), 2004 (epidemic phase) and 2016 (post-epidemic phase). Molecular typing was performed by PCR detection of 22 genes using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based ORF typing (POT) system, including an additional eight genes including small genomic islets and seven toxin genes. RESULTS Isolates with a POT1 of score 93, identified as presumed clonal complex (pCC)5-staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type II including ST5-SCCmec type II New York/Japan clone, represented the major epidemic MRSA lineage in 1990 and 2004. In 2016, however, a marked decrease in isolates with a POT1 score of 93, along with changes in the epidemiology of toxin genes carried, was noted, where the carriers of tst genes including the tst-sec combination were markedly reduced, and those possessing the seb gene alone were markedly increased. Rather, isolates with a POT1 score of 106, including pCC1 or pCC8 among the isolates with SCCmec type IV, which often links to community-associated MRSA, were predominant. Interestingly, the pCC1 and pCC8 lineages were related to sea and tst-sec carriage, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Over time, a transition in MRSA genetic profiles from a POT1 score of 93 in 1990 and 2004 to 106 in 2014 was found in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Osaka
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Katsuko Okuzumi
- Division of Infection Control, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shota Koide
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanimoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tomita
- Department of Bacteriology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nagano
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Arakawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagano
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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21
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Iwano H, Inoue Y, Takasago T, Kobayashi H, Furusawa T, Taniguchi K, Fujiki J, Yokota H, Usui M, Tanji Y, Hagiwara K, Higuchi H, Tamura Y. Bacteriophage ΦSA012 Has a Broad Host Range against Staphylococcus aureus and Effective Lytic Capacity in a Mouse Mastitis Model. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:biology7010008. [PMID: 29315249 PMCID: PMC5872034 DOI: 10.3390/biology7010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland caused by bacterial infection in dairy cattle. It is the most costly disease in the dairy industry because of the high use of antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causative agents of bovine mastitis and antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, new strategies to control bacterial infection are required in the dairy industry. One potential strategy is bacteriophage (phage) therapy. In the present study, we examined the host range of previously isolated S. aureus phages ΦSA012 and ΦSA039 against S. aureus strains isolated from mastitic cows. These phages could kill all S. aureus (93 strains from 40 genotypes) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (six strains from six genotypes) strains tested. Using a mouse mastitis model, we demonstrated that ΦSA012 reduced proliferation of S. aureus and inflammation in the mammary gland. Furthermore, intravenous or intraperitoneal phage administration reduced proliferation of S. aureus in the mammary glands. These results suggest that broad host range phages ΦSA012 is potential antibacterial agents for dairy production medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetomo Iwano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (T.F.); (K.T.); (J.F.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-388-4885
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (T.F.); (K.T.); (J.F.); (H.Y.)
| | - Takuji Takasago
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (T.F.); (K.T.); (J.F.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (T.F.); (K.T.); (J.F.); (H.Y.)
| | - Takaaki Furusawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (T.F.); (K.T.); (J.F.); (H.Y.)
| | - Kotomi Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (T.F.); (K.T.); (J.F.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jumpei Fujiki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (T.F.); (K.T.); (J.F.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroshi Yokota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; (Y.I.); (T.T.); (H.K.); (T.F.); (K.T.); (J.F.); (H.Y.)
| | - Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; (M.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yasunori Tanji
- Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan;
| | - Katsuro Hagiwara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan;
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan;
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; (M.U.); (Y.T.)
- Center for Veterinary Drug Vevelopment, Rakuno Gakuen University, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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22
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Ogihara S, Saito R, Sawabe E, Kozakai T, Shima M, Aiso Y, Fujie T, Nukui Y, Koike R, Hagihara M, Tohda S. Molecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Comparison of PCR-based open reading frame typing, multilocus sequence typing, and Staphylococcus protein A gene typing. J Infect Chemother 2017; 24:312-314. [PMID: 29233460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The recently developed PCR-based open reading frame typing (POT) method is a useful molecular typing tool. Here, we evaluated the performance of POT for molecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates and compared its performance to those of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Staphylococcus protein A gene typing (spa typing). Thirty-seven MRSA isolates were collected between July 2012 and May 2015. MLST, spa typing, and POT were performed, and their discriminatory powers were evaluated using Simpson's index analysis. The MRSA isolates were classified into 11, 18, and 33 types by MLST, spa typing, and POT, respectively. The predominant strains identified by MLST, spa typing, and POT were ST8 and ST764, t002, and 93-191-127, respectively. The discriminatory power of MLST, spa typing, and POT was 0.853, 0.875, and 0.992, respectively, indicating that POT had the highest discriminatory power. Moreover, the results of MLST and spa were available after 2 days, whereas that of POT was available in 5 h. Furthermore, POT is rapid and easy to perform and interpret. Therefore, POT is a superior molecular typing tool for monitoring nosocomial transmission of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ogihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Saito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Etsuko Sawabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kozakai
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Shima
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshibumi Aiso
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Fujie
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Nukui
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Koike
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Hagihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Tohda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Nagano N, Nakaya H, Nagata M, Nishizawa T, Kawahara R, Matsumoto T, Oana K, Kawakami Y. Characterization of first hemin-requiring Pseudomonas aeruginosa small-colony variants from the blood of an octogenarian male-patient with double pneumonitis. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:852-855. [PMID: 28673558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A hemin-requiring Pseudomonas aeruginosa small-colony variant (SCV) was isolated from the blood of an octogenarian male-patient with double pneumonitis. The isolate was capable of growing on both sheep blood and chocolate agars but not on MacConkey agars without blood ingredient. Furthermore, the isolate revealed to grow only around the X-factor impregnated discs when examined using the X and V disc strips. However, not only RapID-NH system but also the VITEK2 system failed to identify the isolate. The isolate was finally identified as P. aeruginosa by the sequence of the 16S rRNA genes and the MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Interestingly, the isolate represented positive reaction for δ-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-test despite the requirement of hemin. Detailed analysis indicated that the isolate produced protoporphyrin IX from ALA. Therefore, the reason for the hemin dependence was deduced the dysfunction of hemH-encoded ferrochelatase behaving at the end of biosynthetic pathway of heme. However, the genetic analysis of hemH gene demonstrated no variations of both the DNA and the amino-acid sequences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical isolation of a hemin-dependent P. aeruginosa SCV from blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Nagano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakaya
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Japan
| | - Megumi Nagata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Japan
| | - Toru Nishizawa
- Instructor of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawahara
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsumoto
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi 371-8543, Japan
| | - Kozue Oana
- Division of Infection Control and Microbiological Regulation, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawakami
- Division of Infection Control and Microbiological Regulation, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
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24
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Suzuki M, Yamada K, Aoki M, Hosoba E, Matsumoto M, Baba H, Iinuma Y. Applying a PCR-based open-reading frame typing method for easy genotyping and molecular epidemiological analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:487-97. [PMID: 26642191 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Molecular epidemiological techniques, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), or multilocus sequence typing (MLST) have facilitated our understanding of the transmission routes of nosocomial infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, they are time consuming and technically demanding. To perform molecular epidemiological analysis in a standard microbiology laboratory, we aimed to develop a simpler and effective molecular epidemiological technique based on the open-reading frame (ORF) distribution patterns detected by PCR, which we call PCR-based ORF typing (POT). METHODS AND RESULTS Ten ORFs from genomic islets, five ORFs from genomic islands, and the metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) blaIMP and blaVIM were selected by comparing the whole-genome sequences of different Ps. aeruginosa strains (PAO1, PA7, UCBPP-PA14 and LESB58). These 17 ORFs were detected, along with a Ps. aeruginosa marker, using 9-plex and 10-plex PCR systems. The genotypes in the POT were compared to those obtained by using PFGE and MLST. CONCLUSIONS Using the POT method, molecular epidemiological analyses of Ps. aeruginosa can be completed in 4 h. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Since this method is very easy to perform, even in standard clinical laboratories, it could be a valuable tool for monitoring daily infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Yamada
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Aoki
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Japan
| | - E Hosoba
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Baba
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Y Iinuma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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25
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Effectiveness of weekly polymerase chain reaction-based open reading frame typing analysis of all newly isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains for controlling nosocomial infections. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:733-737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Suzuki T, Yamamoto T, Kaito C, Miyamoto H, Ohashi Y. Impact ofpsm-mecin Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus(ST764) Strains Isolated from Keratitis Patients. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:589-597. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Chikara Kaito
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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27
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Shinomiya H, Seto K, Kawase J, Arikawa K, Funatogawa K, Suzuki M, Kubota H, Shirabe K. [Current status of bacteriological studies at prefectural and municipal public health institutes in Japan]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 2016; 70:309-18. [PMID: 26028211 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.70.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prefectural and municipal public health institutes are located in prefectures and ordinance-designated cities in Japan, and play a vital role in the regional surveillance of infectious diseases and foodborne illnesses. These institutes, in close cooperation with national institutes such as the National Institute of Infectious Diseases and the National Institute of Health Sciences, construct the national surveillance network for infectious diseases and their causative agents. Bacteriological examinations and studies on a variety of infectious diseases and foodborne illnesses are core activities of prefectural and municipal public health institutes, through which novel and important bacteriological findings have been acquired. In this article, we report the latest findings regarding bacteriological examinations/studies and interesting cases at these institutes, especially concerning foodborne illnesses, tuberculosis, and antimicrobial resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Shinomiya
- Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science
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28
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Kawamura H, Tokuda K, Imuta N, Kubota T, Koriyama T, Miyanohara H, Hashiguchi T, Kawano Y, Nishi J. Epidemiological Analysis of Nosocomial MRSA Outbreaks Using Phage Open-Reading Frame Typing in a Tertiary-Care Hospital. Jpn J Infect Dis 2016; 69:523-524. [PMID: 26743145 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2015.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a reliable method for analyzing outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); however, it is time-consuming and technically demanding. A new strain-differentiation method for MRSA, namely phage open reading frame (ORF) typing (POT), is a rapid PCR-based technique, in which the ORFs of lysogenized phage genomes in MRSA are amplified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the POT method for epidemiological analysis of nosocomial MRSA outbreaks. Forty-four strains from 12 episodes of 3 or more nosocomial MRSA infections in 1 ward within a 4-week period were characterized using PFGE and POT methods. The strains were classified into 16 distinct types using POT and 19 subtypes using PFGE. We defined an outbreak as 3 or more new MRSA infections caused by strains with indistinguishable genetic patterns. The identification of 11 (91.7%) episodes by PFGE, including 4 outbreaks and 7 sporadic events, was consistent with the results of POT analysis. These results suggest that POT is a useful epidemiological tool for evaluating nosocomial MRSA outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kawamura
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Division of Medical and Environmental Safety, Kagoshima University Hospital
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29
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Hagiya H, Haruki Y, Uchida T, Wada T, Shiota S, Ishida T, Ogawa H, Murase T, Otsuka F. Emergence of Daptomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus during Treatment. Intern Med 2016; 55:73-8. [PMID: 26726090 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.4763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 68-year-old man with persistent bacteremia accompanying a large iliopsoas abscess, vertebral osteomyelitis, discitis and central venous port infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was admitted to our hospital. During the course of treatment, the emergence of a daptomycin (DAP)-resistant MRSA strain was confirmed; the minimum inhibitory concentration was 1 to 2 μg/mL for vancomycin and more than 1 μg/mL for DAP. Although the bacterial cell wall was not significantly thickened, an increased positive surface charge and single-nucleotide polymorphism within mprF have been confirmed in DAP-resistant strains. Still rare, but clinicians need to be cautious of the emergence of DAP-resistant MRSA during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Hagiya
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
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Inomata S, Yano H, Tokuda K, Kanamori H, Endo S, Ishizawa C, Ogawa M, Ichimura S, Shimojima M, Kakuta R, Ozawa D, Aoyagi T, Gu Y, Hatta M, Oshima K, Nakashima K, Kaku M. Microbiological and molecular epidemiological analyses of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a tertiary care hospital in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:729-36. [PMID: 26271590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is generally conducted referred to staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV or V. CA-MRSA is now a cause of concern since such strains have been isolated not only from individuals in a community but also from patients in healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to analyze microbiological and molecular epidemiological features of CA-MRSA strains at a Japanese tertiary care hospital using PCR based-open reading frame typing (POT). This technique allows for molecular classification into CA-MRSA (POT-CA) and hospital-associated (HA-) MRSA (POT-HA) with clonal discrimination. Clinical MRSA isolates obtained from consecutive patients between October 1, 2012 and September 30, 2013 at the hospital were analyzed in combination with the clinical definition for CA-MRSA by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and POT. Of 219 isolates (76 clonal groups), 64 (29.3%) were clinical-HA/POT-CA isolates (22 clonal groups). Some clones of them accumulated in this hospital and might be involved in nosocomial transmission. Virulent factors of the isolates were analyzed, and only one (1.6%) Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene positive isolate but no arginine catabolic mobile element genes positive isolate were found in clinical-HA/POT-CA. Additionally, clinical-HA/POT-CA isolates showed higher antimicrobial susceptibility than clinical-HA/POT-HA, especially to minocycline, doxycycline, and amikacin. The most frequent genotype of molecular CA-MRSA was multi-locus sequence type 5-SCCmecIV, previously not detected in Japan. Although CA-MRSA at this hospital showed low virulence and higher antimicrobial susceptibility, the risk of nosocomial infection from them should be recognized, requiring stricter infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Inomata
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Hisakazu Yano
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijouchou, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Koichi Tokuda
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan; Infection Control Unit, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hajime Kanamori
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shiro Endo
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan; Infection Control Unit, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chiyuki Ishizawa
- Infection Control Unit, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Miho Ogawa
- Department of Bacteriology, BML Inc., 1360-1, Matoba, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1101, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Ichimura
- Department of Bacteriology, BML Inc., 1360-1, Matoba, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1101, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shimojima
- Department of Bacteriology, BML Inc., 1360-1, Matoba, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1101, Japan
| | - Risako Kakuta
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Daiki Ozawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Aoyagi
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Gu
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masumitsu Hatta
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kengo Oshima
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nakashima
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kaku
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Internal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
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Takahashi H, Seki M, Yamamoto N, Hamaguchi S, Ojima M, Hirose T, Yoshiya K, Toyokawa M, Nishi I, Ogura H, Shimazu T, Tomono K. Validation of a phage-open reading frame typing kit for rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission in a tertiary hospital. Infect Drug Resist 2015; 8:107-11. [PMID: 25999746 PMCID: PMC4437523 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s83509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance is very important to prevent the nosocomial spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and infection sources and routes have historically been identified using molecular and epidemiological genotyping with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. However, phage-open reading frame typing (POT) has recently been developed. Here, we investigated whether POT would be useful to survey MRSA outbreaks and transmission. We therefore applied POT to 91 MRSA isolates detected in cultures from inpatients at our hospital between May and October 2014. Among the 91 isolates, 12 POT types comprising 38 isolated MRSA strains were considered as overlapping. Five of them were detected in different wards, whereas the remaining seven were found in the same ward, including the emergency department. Three of seven POT number 93-155-111 strains were detected in the surgical ward, and all of four POT number 93-157-61 strains were detected in the cardiosurgical ward. These data suggested that transmission of the MRSA strains with the same POT-types from the same wards was nosocomial, and that POT accurately and rapidly identified MRSA strains, which allowed effective control of infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Seki
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan ; Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Norihisa Yamamoto
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeto Hamaguchi
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ojima
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirose
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yoshiya
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toyokawa
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Nishi
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimazu
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tomono
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Hosoya S, Ito T, Misawa S, Yoshiike T, Oguri T, Hiramatsu K. [MRSA clones identified in outpatient dermatology clinics]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 88:840-8. [PMID: 25764806 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi.88.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To know the characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains disseminating through the Japanese community, we have determined types of Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements, Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), and carriages of four exotoxin genes (toxic-shock syndrome toxin, Panton-Valentine Leukocidine, and exfoliative toxins a and b) using 54 MRSA strains isolated from outpatients attending dermatology clinics at the four university hospitals of Juntendo University. Ten clonal complexes and 12 SCCmec types have been identified. As a result, more than 15 MRSA clones that were defined by the combination of genotype and SCCmec type, were identified. Among them, Clonal Complex (CC) 5-type IIa SCCmec strains were the most major (16 strains). In contrast to the fact that CC5- type IIa SCCmec strains known as a hospital-associated MRSA clone in Japan carried toxic-shock syndrome toxin gene (tst), only 2 of 16 strains have been shown to carry tst. Thirty-eight (70.4%) of isolates belonged to the clones distinct from the CC5-type IIa SCCmec strains. Among them, CC8 strains were major (12 strains), which contained 9 tst-positive CC8-type IVl SCCmec clones and a CC8-type IVa SCCmec strain carrying the Panton Valentine Leukocidin gene (lukS, F-PV). Clones related to impetigo were also identified: 7 exfoliative toxin b (etb) -positive clones, CC89-type IIa SCCmec and CC89-type V SCCmec strains; and 2 exfoliative toxin a (eta) -positive CC121-type V SCCmec strains. Other clones were as follows: CC1-type IVa SCCmec, CC8-type I SCCmec, CC81-type IVg SCCmec, CC97-type IVc SCCmec, CC91-type IVa SCCmec, CC59-type IVg SCCmec, CC45-type IIn SCCmec, CC89-SCCmec nontypeable, and CC8-type IVm, novel subtype of type IV SCCmec were identified in this study. Our data showed that many novel MRSA clones have emerged in the community.
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Yamada K, Ibata A, Suzuki M, Matsumoto M, Yamashita T, Minagawa H, Kurane R. Designing multiplex PCR system of Campylobacter jejuni for efficient typing by improving monoplex PCR binary typing method. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:50-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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[Molecular epidemiological study of community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) - an examination of commercially distributed meat as a possible vehicle for CA-MRSA]. J UOEH 2014; 36:179-90. [PMID: 25224710 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.36.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has occupied an important position in public health as a cause of food poisoning and hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) infections. The spread of community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections has also recently become a concern. However, the sources of this infection remain unclear, and there are few reports of epidemiology information. In order to understand MRSA spread in the community, we investigated the distribution of MRSA strains in commercially distributed raw meat samples (n=305) and stool samples from outpatients with diarrhea (n=1,543) from the same meat distribution region in Oita Prefecture, Japan. 301 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated and 18 of them were MRSA (2 from chicken meat, 1 from duck meat, 1 from pork meat, and 14 from patients with diarrhea). All 18 MRSA strains were negative for Panton-Valentine leucocidin gene. In this study conducting a comparison of properties and a molecular epidemiological analysis of MRSA isolated from commercially distributed meat and diarrhea patient stools, the results suggest that commercially distributed meat could play a role in the prevalence of CA-MRSA in the community.
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New PCR-based open reading frame typing method for easy, rapid, and reliable identification of Acinetobacter baumannii international epidemic clones without performing multilocus sequence typing. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:2925-32. [PMID: 24899031 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01064-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance issues have become a global health concern. The rapid identification of multidrug-resistant microbes, which depends on microbial genomic information, is essential for overcoming growing antimicrobial resistance challenges. However, genotyping methods, such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST), for identifying international epidemic clones of Acinetobacter baumannii are not easily performed as routine tests in ordinary clinical laboratories. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel genotyping method that can be performed in ordinary microbiology laboratories. Several open reading frames (ORFs) specific to certain bacterial genetic lineages or species, together with their unique distribution patterns on the chromosomes showing a good correlation with the results of MLST, were selected in A. baumannii and other Acinetobacter spp. by comparing their genomic data. The distribution patterns of the ORFs were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis after multiplex PCR amplification and digitized. A. baumannii sequence types (STs) corresponding to international clones I and II were successfully discriminated from other STs and Acinetobacter species by detecting the distribution patterns of their ORFs using the multiplex PCR developed here. Since bacterial STs can be easily expressed as digitized numeric data with plus (+) expressed as 1 and minus (-) expressed as 0, the results of the method can be easily compared with those obtained by different tests or laboratories. This PCR-based ORF typing (POT) method can easily and rapidly identify international epidemic clones of A. baumannii and differentiate this microbe from other Acinetobacter spp. Since this POT method is easy enough to be performed even in ordinary clinical laboratories, it would also contribute to daily infection control measures and surveillance.
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36
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Comparison between phage-open-reading frame typing and automated repetitive-sequence-based PCR for typing MRSA isolates. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:565-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kali A, Stephen S, Sivaraman U, Kumar S, Joseph NM, Srirangaraj S, Easow JM. Bacteriophage types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital. Australas Med J 2013; 6:496-503. [PMID: 24223065 DOI: 10.4066/amj.2013.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phage typing had been utilised extensively to characterise methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreak strains in the past. It is an invaluable tool even today to monitor emergence and dissemination of MRSA strains. AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the prevalent phage types of MRSA in south India and the association between phage types, antibiotic resistance pattern and risk factors. METHOD A total of 48 non-duplicate MRSA strains recovered from various clinical samples during January to December, 2010 were tested against a panel of anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. Phage typing was carried out at the National Staphylococcal Phage Typing Centre, New Delhi. Out of 48, 32 hospitalised patients were followed up for risk factors and response to empirical and post sensitivity antibiotic therapy. The risk factors were compared with a control group of 30 patients with methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infection. RESULTS Amongst the five prevalent phage types, 42E was most common (52%), followed by a non-typable variant (22.9%), 42E/47/54/75 (16.6%), 42E/47 (6.2%) and 47 (2%). Phage type 42E was the predominant strain in all wards and OPDs except in the ICU where 42E/47/54/75 was most common. Although not statistically significant, strain 42E/47/54/75 (n=8) showed higher resistance to all drugs, except ciprofloxacin and amikacin, and were mostly D-test positive (87.5%) compared to the 42E strain (32%). Duration of hospital stay, intravenous catheterisation and breach in skin were the most significant risk factors for MRSA infection. CONCLUSION We found MRSA strain diversity in hospital wards with differences in their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. The findings may impact infection control and antibiotic policy significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Kali
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, India
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38
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Risk factors for anti-MRSA drug resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 40:423-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nihonyanagi S, Kanoh Y, Okada K, Uozumi T, Kazuyama Y, Yamaguchi T, Nakazaki N, Sakurai K, Hirata Y, Munekata S, Ohtani S, Takemoto T, Bandoh Y, Akahoshi T. Clinical usefulness of multiplex PCR lateral flow in MRSA detection: a novel, rapid genetic testing method. Inflammation 2012; 35:927-34. [PMID: 21994180 PMCID: PMC3332352 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with exogenous cassette DNA containing the methicillin-resistant gene mecA (SCCmec) poses a problem as a drug-resistant bacterium responsible for hospital- and community-acquired infections. The frequency of MRSA detection has recently been increasing rapidly in Japan, and SCCmec has also been classified more diversely into types I–V. A rapid test is essential for early diagnosis and treatment of MRSA infections, but detection by conventional methods requires at least two days. The newly developed multiplex PCR lateral flow method allows specific amplification of femA to detect S. aureus, mecA to detect SCCmec, and kdpC to detect SCCmec type II; moreover, PCR products can be evaluated visually in about 3 h. In the present study, we developed a PCR lateral flow method for MRSA using this method and investigated its clinical usefulness in the detection of MRSA. The results showed a diagnostic concordance rate of 91.7% for MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus between bacteriological examination and PCR lateral flow, and a high level of specificity in PCR lateral flow. In addition, a higher detection rate for S. aureus using the same sample was observed for PCR lateral flow (70.2%) than for bacteriological tests (48.6%). The above results show that PCR lateral flow for MRSA detection has high sensitivity, specificity, and speed, and its clinical application as a method for early diagnosis of MRSA infections appears to be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nihonyanagi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kitasato University Hospital, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan.
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Suzuki M, Yamada K, Nagao M, Aoki E, Matsumoto M, Hirayama T, Yamamoto H, Hiramatsu R, Ichiyama S, Iinuma Y. Antimicrobial ointments and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 17:1917-20. [PMID: 22000371 PMCID: PMC3310646 DOI: 10.3201/eid1710.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested 259 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates and 2 USA300 ATCC type strains for susceptibility to bacitracin and neomycin contained in over-the-counter antibacterial ointments. Resistance to both bacitracin and neomycin was found only in USA300. The use of over-the counter antimicrobial drugs may select for the USA300 clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Suzuki
- Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Japan.
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Commercially distributed meat as a potential vehicle for community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:2797-802. [PMID: 22307310 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07470-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection has been increasing; however, the sources of infection remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of meat as a possible mediator of CA-MRSA infection. We examined the distribution of MRSA strains in commercially distributed raw meat samples (n = 197) and diarrheal stool samples of outpatients (n = 1,287) that were collected in Oita Prefecture, Japan, between 2003 and 2009 for routine legal inspections. Fourteen MRSA strains were isolated from three meat and 11 stool samples. Among these, seven isolates from three meat and four stool samples exhibited the same epidemiological marker profiles [coagulase type III, staphylococcal enterotoxin C, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) type IV, ST8, spa type 606 (t1767), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) producing type]. Furthermore, of the seven strains, three isolates from two meat samples and one stool sample collected in 2007 exhibited completely identical characteristics with respect to phage open reading frame (ORF) typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and drug susceptibility profiles. The results suggest that commercially distributed meat could play a role in the prevalence of CA-MRSA in the community.
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42
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Genotyping of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI)-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains among outpatients in a teaching hospital in Japan: application of a phage-open reading frame typing (POT) kit. J Infect Chemother 2012; 18:906-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10156-012-0506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in hospitals by use of phage-derived open reading frame typing enhanced by multiplex PCR and reverse line blot assay. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:2741-8. [PMID: 20519463 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02201-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively high-level clonality of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its frequent high-level endemicity in nosocomial settings complicate the development of methods for rapid subtyping of MRSA strains that are capable of identifying person-to-person transmission in hospitals. Phage-derived open reading frame (PDORF) typing is an MRSA typing method targeting mobile genetic elements that was recently described and evaluated using a geographically restricted set of isolates. The objective of this study was to develop a multiplex PCR-reverse line blot (mPCR/RLB) assay for PDORF typing and to test its applicability on a broad range of isolates and in an environment where MRSA is highly endemic. The 16 targets were identified using a 23-primer-pair mPCR/RLB assay with two probes for each target. The method was evaluated using 42 MRSA reference strains, including those representing major international clones, and 35 isolates from episodes of suspected nosocomial transmission. In vivo stability was explored using 81 isolate pairs. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and spa typing were performed for comparison. Among the 42 reference strains, there were 33 PFGE subtypes, 30 PDORF types, and 22 spa types. Simpson's index of diversity was 0.987, 0.971, and 0.926 for PFGE subtyping, PDORF typing, and spa typing, respectively. Typing of clinical isolates by PDORF typing and PFGE demonstrated concordant results. mPCR/RLB-based PDORF typing has similar discriminatory power to that of PFGE, can assist in tracking MRSA transmission events in a setting of high-level endemicity, and has the advantage of being a high-throughput technique.
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Kahánková J, Pantůček R, Goerke C, Růžičková V, Holochová P, Doškař J. Multilocus PCR typing strategy for differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus siphoviruses reflecting their modular genome structure. Environ Microbiol 2010; 12:2527-38. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Suzuki M, Matsumoto M, Takahashi M, Hayakawa Y, Minagawa H. Identification of the clonal complexes of Staphylococcus aureus strains by determination of the conservation patterns of small genomic islets. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1367-74. [PMID: 19426274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the clonality of Staphylococcus aureus isolates, it is important to identify their clonal complexes (CCs) with multilocus sequence typing (MLST). However, it is expensive to carry out MLST analyses for many isolates. The aim of this study, therefore, was to develop a cost-effective method to identify CCs by determining the conservation pattern of 'small genomic islets' (SGIs). SGIs are nonconserved regions between strains and have single or multiple open-reading frames (ORFs). METHODS AND RESULTS The whole-genome sequences of nine strains were compared in order to select 16 SGIs. The conservation patterns of the 16 SGIs (islet patterns) were investigated in 136 S. aureus isolates, which were classified into 21 CCs. The islet patterns (IPs) exhibited a one-to-one correspondence with the CCs, except for isolates belonging to CC1, CC5 and CC8. The IPs typical of strains belonging to CC1, CC5 and CC8 differed between those of sequence type 1 (ST1) and ST188 (CC1), ST5 and ST6 (CC5) and ST8 and ST239 (CC8). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The CCs of many isolates can be identified in an easy and inexpensive manner by detecting these 16 SGIs. Emergent clones, particularly methicillin-resistant ones, can be identified by examining numerous islets by IP analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Tsuji-machi, Kita-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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