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Chourasia R, Abedin MM, Chiring Phukon L, Sahoo D, Singh SP, Rai AK. Biotechnological approaches for the production of designer cheese with improved functionality. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:960-979. [PMID: 33325160 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cheese is a product of ancient biotechnological practices, which has been revolutionized as a functional food product in many parts of the world. Bioactive compounds, such as peptides, polysaccharides, and fatty acids, have been identified in traditional cheese products, which demonstrate functional properties such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, immunomodulation, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Besides, cheese-making probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert a positive impact on gut health, aiding in digestion, and improved nutrient absorption. Advancement in biotechnological research revealed the potential of metabolite production with prebiotics and bioactive functions in several strains of LAB, yeast, and filamentous fungi. The application of specific biocatalyst producing microbial strains enhances nutraceutical value, resulting in designer cheese products with multifarious health beneficial effects. This review summarizes the biotechnological approaches applied in designing cheese products with improved functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rounak Chourasia
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Md Minhajul Abedin
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Loreni Chiring Phukon
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India.,Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, SAS Nagar, Mohali, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
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Ferrocino I, Di Cagno R, De Angelis M, Turroni S, Vannini L, Bancalari E, Rantsiou K, Cardinali G, Neviani E, Cocolin L. Fecal Microbiota in Healthy Subjects Following Omnivore, Vegetarian and Vegan Diets: Culturable Populations and rRNA DGGE Profiling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128669. [PMID: 26035837 PMCID: PMC4452701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the fecal microbiota of 153 healthy volunteers, recruited from four different locations in Italy, has been studied by coupling viable counts, on different microbiological media, with ribosomal RNA Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (rRNA-DGGE). The volunteers followed three different diets, namely omnivore, ovo-lacto-vegetarian and vegan. The results obtained from culture-dependent and -independent methods have underlined a high level of similarity of the viable fecal microbiota for the three investigated diets. The rRNA DGGE profiles were very complex and comprised a total number of bands that varied from 67 to 64 for the V3 and V9 regions of the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. Only a few bands were specific in/of all three diets, and the presence of common taxa associated with the dietary habits was found. As far as the viable counts are concerned, the high similarity of the fecal microbiota was once again confirmed, with only a few of the investigated groups showing significant differences. Interestingly, the samples grouped differently, according to the recruitment site, thus highlighting a higher impact of the food consumed by the volunteers in the specific geographical locations than that of the type of diet. Lastly, it should be mentioned that the fecal microbiota DGGE profiles obtained from the DNA were clearly separated from those produced using RNA, thus underlining a difference between the total and viable populations in the fecal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini n°2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Vannini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, viale Fanin 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Bancalari
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 49/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini n°2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Cardinali
- Department of Pharmaceutrical Sciences Università of Perugia, Via Borgo 20 Giugno, 74 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Erasmo Neviani
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 49/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini n°2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
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Long-term changes in human colonic Bifidobacterium populations induced by a 5-day oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50257. [PMID: 23209691 PMCID: PMC3507739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the possible modifications due to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) treatment on total bacteria and on Bifidobacterium species balance in human colonic microbiota. Eighteen healthy volunteers (19 to 36 years old) were given a 875/125 mg dose of AMC twice a day for 5 days. Fecal samples were obtained before and after antibiotic exposure. After total DNA extraction, total bacteria and bifidobacteria were specifically quantified using real-time PCR. Dominant species were monitored over time using bacterial and bifidobacterial Temporal Temperature Gradient gel Electrophoresis (TTGE). At the end of AMC exposure, total bacterial concentrations as well as bifidobacteria concentrations were significantly reduced compared to before AMC exposure:10.7±0.1 log10 16S rRNA gene copies/g vs 11.1±0.1 log10 (p = 0.003) and 8.1±0.5 log10 16S rRNA gene copies/g vs 9.4±0.3 log10 (p = 0.003), respectively. At the same time, the mean similarity percentages of TTGE bacteria and TTGE bifidobacteria profiles were significantly reduced compared to before AMC exposure: 51.6%±3.5% vs 81.4%±2.1% and 55.8%±7.6% vs 84.5%±4.1%, respectively. Occurrence of B. adolescentis, B. bifidum and B. pseudocatenulatum/B. catenulatum species significantly decreased. Occurrence of B. longum remained stable. Moreover, the number of distinct Bifidobacterium species per sample significantly decreased (1.5±0.3 vs 2.3±0.3; p = 0.01). Two months after AMC exposure, the mean similarity percentage of TTGE profiles was 55.6% for bacteria and 62.3% for bifidobacteria. These results clearly demonstrated that a common antibiotic treatment may qualitatively alter the colonic microbiota. Such modifications may have potential long-term physiological consequences.
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