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Haberbusch M, Reil J, Uyanik-Ünal K, Schukro C, Zuckermann A, Moscato F. Decoding cardiac reinnervation from cardiac autonomic markers: A mathematical model approach. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024; 43:985-995. [PMID: 38360162 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cardiac autonomic markers (CAMs) are commonly used to assess cardiac reinnervation in heart-transplant patients, their relationship to the degree of sympathetic and vagal cardiac reinnervation is not well understood yet. To study this relationship, we applied a mathematical model of the cardiovascular system and its autonomic control. METHODS By simulating varying levels of sympathetic and vagal efferent sinoatrial reinnervation, we analyzed the induced changes in CAMs including resting heart rate (HR), bradycardic and tachycardic HR response to Valsalva maneuver, root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD), low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF), and total spectral power (TSP). RESULTS For assessment of vagal cardiac reinnervation levels >20%, resting HR (ρ = 0.99, p < 0.05), RMSSD (ρ = 0.97, p < 0.05), and TSP (ρ = 0.96, p < 0.05) may be equally suitable as HF-power (ρ = 0.97, p < 0.05). To assess sympathetic reinnervation, LF/HF ratio (ρ = 0.87, p < 0.05) and tachycardic response to Valsalva maneuver (ρ = 0.9, p < 0.05) may be more suitable than LF-power (ρ = 0.77, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our model reports mechanistic relationships between CAMs and levels of efferent autonomic sinoatrial reinnervation. The results indicate differences in the suitability of these markers to assess vagal and sympathetic reinnervation. Although our analysis is purely conceptual, the developed model can help to gain important insights into the genesis of CAMs and their relationship to efferent sinoatrial reinnervation and, thus, provide indications for clinical study evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Haberbusch
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Julius Reil
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Keziban Uyanik-Ünal
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Schukro
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Zuckermann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesco Moscato
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Correlates and Outcomes of Low Physical Activity Posttransplant: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Transplantation 2019; 103:679-688. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Scopa C, Palagi E, Sighieri C, Baragli P. Physiological outcomes of calming behaviors support the resilience hypothesis in horses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17501. [PMID: 30504840 PMCID: PMC6269543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To manage a stressful stimulus animals react both behaviorally and physiologically to restore the homeostasis. In stable horses, a stressful stimulus can be represented by social separation, riding discomfort or the presence of novel objects in their environment. Although Heart Rate Variability is a common indicator of stress levels in horses, the behavioral mechanisms concurrently occurring under stressful conditions are still unknown. The sudden inflation of a balloon was administered to 33 horses. Video-recording of self-directed behaviors (snore, vacuum chewing, snort, head/body shaking) and monitoring of heart activity (HR and SDRR) were conducted for five minutes before (Pre-test) and after the stimulus administration (Stress-test). During the Stress-test, only snore and vacuum chewing increased and a significant increase was also recorded in both HR and SDRR. Moreover, the snore variation between the two conditions showed a significant correlation with the variation of both HR and SDRR. With the snore acting as stress-releasing behavior to restore basal condition, the homeostasis recovered via the enactment of such behavior could be physiologically expressed by an increasing vagal activity. Hence, the capacity to maintain homeostasis (resilience) could correspond to a prevalence of parasympathetic control on heart activity, intervening when certain behaviors are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scopa
- Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Assisted Interventions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Palagi
- Unit of Ethology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Sighieri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Baragli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Cardiac autonomic modulation impairments in advanced breast cancer patients. Clin Res Cardiol 2018; 107:924-936. [PMID: 29721647 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-018-1264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare cardiac autonomic modulation in early- versus advanced-stage breast cancer patients before any type of cancer treatment and investigate associated factors. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study included women (30-69 years old) with primary diagnosis of breast cancer and women with benign breast tumors. We evaluated cardiac modulation by heart rate variability and assessed factors of anxiety, depression, physical activity, and other relevant medical variables. Patients were divided into three groups based on TNM staging of cancer severity: early-stage cancer (n = 42), advanced-stage cancer (n = 37), or benign breast tumors to serve as a control (n = 37). We analyzed heart rate variability in time and frequency domains. The advanced-stage cancer group had lower vagal modulation than early-stage and benign groups; also, the advance-stage group had lower overall heart rate variability when compared to benign conditions. Heart rate variability was influenced by age, menopausal status, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Heart rate variability seems to be a promising, non-invasive tool for early diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction in breast cancer and detection of cardiovascular impairments at cancer diagnosis. Cardiac autonomic modulation is inversely associated with breast cancer staging.
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Awad M, Czer LSC, Hou M, Golshani SS, Goltche M, De Robertis M, Kittleson M, Patel J, Azarbal B, Kransdorf E, Esmailian F, Trento A, Kobashigawa JA. Early Denervation and Later Reinnervation of the Heart Following Cardiac Transplantation: A Review. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.004070. [PMID: 27802930 PMCID: PMC5210323 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morcos Awad
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lawrence S C Czer
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Margaret Hou
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarah S Golshani
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael Goltche
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Michelle Kittleson
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jignesh Patel
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Babak Azarbal
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Evan Kransdorf
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fardad Esmailian
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alfredo Trento
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jon A Kobashigawa
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Kuo J, Kuo CD. Decomposition of Heart Rate Variability Spectrum into a Power-Law Function and a Residual Spectrum. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:16. [PMID: 27314001 PMCID: PMC4889601 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The power spectral density (PSD) of heart rate variability (HRV) contains a power-law relationship that can be obtained by plotting the logarithm of PSD against the logarithm of frequency. The PSD of HRV can be decomposed mathematically into a power-law function and a residual HRV (rHRV) spectrum. Almost all rHRV measures are significantly smaller than their corresponding HRV measures except the normalized high-frequency power (nrHFP). The power-law function can be characterized by the slope and Y-intercept of linear regression. Almost all HRV measures except the normalized low-frequency power have significant correlations with the Y-intercept, while almost all rHRV measures except the total power [residual total power (rTP)] do not. Though some rHRV measures still correlate significantly with the age of the subjects, the rTP, high-frequency power (rHFP), nrHFP, and low-/high-frequency power ratio (rLHR) do not. In conclusion, the clinical significances of rHRV measures might be different from those of traditional HRV measures. The Y-intercept might be a better HRV measure for clinical use because it is independent of almost all rHRV measures. The rTP, rHFP, nrHFP, and rLHR might be more suitable for the study of age-independent autonomic nervous modulation of the subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kuo
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Deng Kuo
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Chest Medicine and Physiological Signals Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
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Lu WA, Chen GY, Shih CC, Kuo CD. The use of heart rate variability measures as indicators of autonomic nervous modulation must be careful in patients after orthotopic heart transplantation. J Clin Monit Comput 2015; 30:687-97. [PMID: 26271510 PMCID: PMC5023756 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-015-9747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The precise relation between heart rate variability (HRV) and autonomic re-innervation has not been established explicitly in patients after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT), but can be inferred from the fact that the HRV is reduced immediately after OHT and may increase gradually with time. The aim of this study was to investigate the residual HRV in patients about 1–2 years after OHT, as compared with patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Thirteen patients who had received OHT and 14 patients who had received CABG surgery were recruited. HRV analysis was performed and the HRV measures in supine position were compared between these two groups of patients. We found that the mean (mRRI), standard deviation and coefficient of variation of RR intervals, total power, very low frequency power (VLFP), low frequency power, high frequency power (HFP), normalized VLFP (nVLFP) and low-/high-frequency power ratio in the OHT group were all significantly decreased, while the heart rate (HR) and normalized HFP (nHFP) were significantly increased, as compared with the CABG group. The decrease in HRV was more severe in the VLFP region. A smaller nVLFP and a greater nHFP were associated with a smaller mRRI and a larger HR in the OHT patients. The slope of the power law relation of HRV became positive in OHT patients, instead of negative in CABG patients. We conclude that patients after OHT have residual HRV which were characterized by severely depressed time and frequency domain HRV, increased HR and nHFP, decreased nVLFP, and positive slope of the power-law relation of HRV. The use of nHFP as the indicator of vagal modulation and the use of nVLFP as the indicator of renin-angiotensin modulation, thermoregulation and vagal withdrawal must be careful in the OHT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-An Lu
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Institute of Cultural Asset and Reinvention, Fo-Guang University, Yilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Gau-Yang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ten-Chen General Hospital, Yangmei, Tao-Yuan, 326, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Shih
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Deng Kuo
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Division of Respiratory Therapy, Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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