A stability-indicating first-derivative spectrophotometric assay of acetazolamide and its use in dissolution and kinetic studies

A highly selective and sensitive Tb3+-acetylacetone photo probe for the assessment of acetazolamide in pharmaceutical and serum samples

A novel, simple, sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of Acetazolamide in pharmaceutical tablets and serum samples using photo probe Tb³⁺-ACAC. The Acetazolamide can remarkably quench the luminescence intensity of Tb³⁺-ACAC complex in DMSO at pH 6.8 and λ_ex = 350 nm. The quenching of luminescence intensity of Tb³⁺-ACAC complex especially the electrical band at λ_em = 545 nm is used for the assessment of Acetazolamide in the pharmaceutical tablet and serum samples. The dynamic range found for the determination of Acetazolamide concentration is 4.49 × 10^-9-1.28 × 10^-7 mol L^-1, and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are (4.0 × 10^-9 and 1.21 × 10^-8) mol L^-1, respectively.

Acetazolamide: future perspective in topical glaucoma therapeutics

Through this review it is contemplated that acetazolamide (ACZ), an age-old treatment for glaucoma with a myriad of side effects and inadequate topical effectiveness, may be formulated into a topically effective agent by utilizing various newer formulation approaches of ocular drug delivery. Even though it has a poor solubility and penetration power, various studies mentioned in the review indicate that it is possible to successfully formulate topically effective ACZ by using: (i) high concentration of the drug, (ii) surfactant gel preparations of ACZ, (iii) ACZ loaded into liposomes, (iv) cyclodextrins to increase the solubility and hence bioavailability of ACZ, and (v) viscolyzers and other polymers either alone or in combination with cyclodextrins. With the advent of newer topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) like dorzolamide and brinzolamide, a localized effect with fewer side effects is expected. But whenever absorbed systemically, a similar range of adverse effects (attributable to sulphonamides) may occur upon use. Furthermore, oral ACZ is reported to be more physiologically effective than 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride administered topically, even though in isolated tissues dorzolamide appears to be the most active as it shows the lowest IC(50) values for CA-II and CA-IV [M.F. Surgue, J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther. 12 (1996) 363-376]. Hence, there exists considerable scope for the development of more/equally effective and inexpensive topically effective formulations of ACZ. The use of various formulation technologies discussed in this review can provide a fresh impetus to research in this area.

Development of validated stability-indicating assay methods--critical review

This write-up provides a review on the development of validated stability-indicating assay methods (SIAMs) for drug substances and products. The shortcomings of reported methods with respect to regulatory requirements are highlighted. A systematic approach for the development of stability-indicating methods is discussed. Critical issues related to development of SIAMs, such as separation of all degradation products, establishment of mass balance, stress testing of formulations, development of SIAMs for combination products, etc. are also addressed. The applicability of pharmacopoeial methods for the analysis of stability samples is discussed. The requirements of SIAMs for stability study of biotechnological substances and products are also touched upon.