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Sitkiewicz I, Borek A, Gryko M, Karpińska A, Kozińska A, Obszańska K, Wilemska-Dziaduszycka J, Walory J, Bańska A, Belkiewicz K, Foryś M, Gołębiewska A, Hryniewicz W, Kadłubowski M, Kiedrowska M, Klarowicz A, Matynia B, Ronkiewicz P, Szczypa K, Waśko I, Wawszczak M, Wróbel-Pawelczyk I, Zieniuk B. Epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes upper respiratory tract infections in Poland (2003-2017). J Appl Genet 2024:10.1007/s13353-024-00875-y. [PMID: 38760644 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, GAS) is a major human pathogen and causes every year over 600 millions upper respiratory tract onfections worldwide. Untreated or repeated infections may lead to post-infectional sequelae such as rheumatic heart disease, a major cause of GAS-mediated mortality. There is no comprehensive, longitudinal analysis of the M type distribution of upper respiratory tract strains isolated in Poland. Single reports describe rather their antibiotic resistance patterns or focus on the invasive isolates. Our goal was to analyse the clonal structure of the upper respiratory tract GAS isolated over multiple years in Poland. Our analysis revealed a clonal structure similar to the ones observed in high-income countries, with M1, M12, M89, M28, and M77 serotypes constituting over 80% of GAS strains. The M77 serotype is a major carrier of erythromycin resistance and is more often correlated with upper respiratory tract infections than other serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sitkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Borek
- National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Gryko
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Karpińska
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Obszańska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 01-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jarosław Walory
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Bańska
- ALAB Laboratory, Mikrobiologia, Ul. Stępińska 22/30, 00-739, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Belkiewicz
- National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Foryś
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Waleria Hryniewicz
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of Quality Control in Microbiology (Polmicro), Rydygiera 8, 01-793, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Klarowicz
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Matynia
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Szczypa
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Waśko
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Wawszczak
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
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Saengcharoen W, Jaisawang P, Udomcharoensab P, Buathong K, Lerkiatbundit S. Appropriateness of diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis among Thai community pharmacists according to the Centor criteria. Int J Clin Pharm 2016; 38:1318-25. [PMID: 27573720 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-016-0373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Inappropriate use of antibiotic treatment for pharyngitis by community pharmacists is prevalent in developing countries. Little is known about how the pharmacists identify patients with bacterial pharyngitis. Objective To ascertain the appropriateness of diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis among Thai community pharmacists according to the Centor criteria and to identify factors related to antibiotic dispensing. Setting 1040 Thai community pharmacists. Method A cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists was conducted in November 2012 to March 2013. The self-administered questionnaires were mailed to 57 % of community pharmacists in the south of Thailand (n = 1040). The survey included questions on diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis, knowledge on pharyngitis, and attitudes and control beliefs regarding antibiotic dispensing. Main outcome measure The appropriateness of diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis according to the original and modified Centor criteria and determinants of antibiotic dispensing including demographic characteristics of pharmacists, knowledge on pharyngitis, and attitudes and control beliefs on antibiotic dispensing. Results Approximately 68 % completed the questionnaires (n = 703). Compared to the pharmacists who reported not dispensing antibiotics in the hypothetical case with common cold, those reported dispensing antibiotics were more likely to consider the following conditions-presence of cough, mild sore throat and patients with age >60 years as cues for diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis (p < 0.05). The use of fewer scores of the clinical prediction rules for diagnosis was observed in antibiotic dispensers, compared to who did not do so (p < 0.005). Antibiotic dispensing was positively associated with period of dispensing experience (>5 years) [odds ratio (OR) 1.52; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.03-2.23], belief that antibiotics could shorten duration of pharyngitis (OR 1.48; 95 % CI 1.11-1.99), belief that antibiotics could prevent the complications (OR 1.44; 95 % CI 1.09-1.91) and belief that dispensing antibiotics could satisfy the patients (OR 1.31; 95 % CI 1.01-1.71). Nonetheless, antibiotic dispensing was negatively associated with knowledge about pharyngitis (OR 0.83; 95 % CI 0.75-0.93). Conclusion Pharmacists who are knowledgeable on the Centor criteria are more likely to appropriately diagnose streptococcal pharyngitis and less likely to dispense antibiotics in such case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woranuch Saengcharoen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Pornchanok Jaisawang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Palita Udomcharoensab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Kittika Buathong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Sanguan Lerkiatbundit
- Department of Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
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