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Basheti MM, Bussing J, Grunstein R, Gordon C, Saini B. Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Sleep Health Educational Module for Pharmacy Students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2024; 88:100632. [PMID: 38092088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pharmacists need sleep health knowledge and management skills to deliver evidence-based treatments to patients with sleep disorders/disturbances. This study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate a pedagogically informed, interactive sleep health educational module for pharmacy students. METHODS An educational module utilizing a flipped classroom approach, with an interactive lecture, student self-reflection of sleep patterns, case discussions, and pharmacist-patient role-play scenarios, was designed and implemented. A questionnaire assessing pre/post-module changes in knowledge about and attitudes toward sleep health as well as post-module learning satisfaction, was administered to all participating second-year pharmacy students at an Australian university. RESULTS Mean total knowledge scores for participating students (n = 125, 70.4% female) improved significantly, from a baseline of 11.1 ± 3.8 to 17.1 ± 3.5 post-module (range: 0-25). Attitudes toward sleep health were moderately high at baseline (28.8 ± 3.2) and improved marginally post-module (29.4 ± 3.8) (range: 10-50); however, this increase was insignificant. Participants expressed high satisfaction with the module through subjective feedback, and post-module reflective statements indicated plans for changing sleep behaviors. CONCLUSION The results of this study have shown that a targeted educational module for pharmacy students improved sleep health knowledge. It appeared that positive attitudes toward sleep health were not significantly increased which may reflect a ceiling effect. Future modules should focus on attitudinal aspects of positive sleep health to enhance pharmacists' skills in providing clinically related sleep health care to patients with sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Basheti
- University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, CIRUS Sleep and Chronobiology Research Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jocelyn Bussing
- University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald Grunstein
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, CIRUS Sleep and Chronobiology Research Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Gordon
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, CIRUS Sleep and Chronobiology Research Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bandana Saini
- University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, CIRUS Sleep and Chronobiology Research Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Meaklim H, Rehm IC, Junge MF, Monfries M, Kennedy GA, Bucks RS, Meltzer LJ, Jackson ML. Development of a Novel Behavioral Sleep Medicine Education Workshop Designed to Increase Trainee Psychologists' Knowledge and Skills in Insomnia Management. Behav Sleep Med 2023; 21:787-801. [PMID: 36606306 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2022.2164766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the clear influence of poor sleep on mental health, sleep education has been neglected in psychology training programs. Here, we develop a novel behavioral sleep medicine (BSM) education workshop, the Sleep Psychology Workshop, designed for integration within graduate psychology programs. We also examined the potential efficacy and acceptability of the workshop to upskill trainee psychologists in sleep and insomnia management. METHODS The Sleep Psychology Workshop was developed using a modified Delphi Method. Eleven trainee psychologists completing their Master of Psychology degrees (90% female, 24.4 ± 1.6 years old) attended the workshop, delivered as three, two-hour lectures (total of six hours). Sleep knowledge, attitudes, and practice assessments were completed pre-and post-intervention using the GradPsyKAPS Questionnaire. A focus group and 6-month follow-up survey captured feedback and qualitative data. RESULTS Trainees' sleep knowledge quiz scores (% correct) increased from 60% to 79% pre- to post-workshop (p = .002). Trainees' self-efficacy to use common sleep-related assessment instruments and empirically supported interventions to manage sleep disturbances increased, along with their confidence to manage insomnia (all p < .02). Participant feedback was positive, with 91% of trainees rating the workshop as "excellent" and qualitative data highlighting trainees developing practical skills in BSM. Six months post-intervention, 100% of trainees endorsed routinely asking their clients about sleep, with 82% reporting improvements in their own sleep. CONCLUSIONS The Sleep Psychology Workshop is a potentially effective and acceptable introductory BSM education program for trainee psychologists, ready for integration within the graduate psychology curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Meaklim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Imogen C Rehm
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Melissa Monfries
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Gerard A Kennedy
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- Schools of Psychological Science and Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa J Meltzer
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Melinda L Jackson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
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Yeung KWCM, Lee SKM, Bin YS, Cheung JMY. Pharmacists' perspectives and attitudes towards the 2021 down-scheduling of melatonin in Australia using the Theoretical Domains Framework: a mixed-methods study. Int J Clin Pharm 2023; 45:1153-1166. [PMID: 37354280 PMCID: PMC10600292 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01605-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australia, prescription melatonin became a 'Pharmacist Only Medicine' for people over 55 with insomnia from June 2021. However, little is known about pharmacists' views on melatonin down-scheduling and perceived impacts on practice. AIM To explore Australian community pharmacists' views on and attitudes towards the down-scheduling of melatonin. METHOD A convenience sample of community pharmacists and pharmacy interns were recruited. Participants completed a survey capturing demographic and professional practice details, and rated their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards melatonin. This was followed by an online semi-structured interview. Interviews were guided by a schedule of questions developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework and explored the perceived role of melatonin, preparation/response to down-scheduling, practice changes and patient interactions. Interviews continued until data saturation and were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the Framework Approach. RESULTS Twenty-four interviews were conducted with community pharmacists (n = 19) and intern pharmacists (n = 5), all practicing in metropolitan areas. Pharmacists/intern pharmacists welcomed the increased accessibility of melatonin for patients. However, pharmacists perceived a disconnect between the guidelines, supply protocols and pack sizes with practice, making it difficult to monitor patient use of melatonin. The miscommunication of eligibility also contributed to patient-pharmacist tension when supply was denied. Importantly, most participants indicated their interest in upskilling their knowledge in melatonin use in sleep, specifically formulation differences and dosage titration. CONCLUSION While pharmacists welcomed the down-scheduling of melatonin, several challenges were noted, contributing to pharmacist-patient tensions in practice. Findings highlight the need to refine and unify melatonin supply protocols and amend pack sizes to reflect guideline recommendations as well as better educating the public about the risk-benefits of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingston W C M Yeung
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building (A15), Science Road, Camperdown Campus, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Samantha K M Lee
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building (A15), Science Road, Camperdown Campus, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - Yu Sun Bin
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Janet M Y Cheung
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building (A15), Science Road, Camperdown Campus, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Basheti MM, Tran M, Wong K, Gordon C, Grunstein R, Saini B. Australian Consultant Pharmacists' Potential Roles in Sleep Health Care: Exploring a New Avenue for Improving the Management of Insomnia. Behav Sleep Med 2022; 20:622-637. [PMID: 34520308 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2021.1975718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first-line treatment for insomnia is cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, there is persistent use of pharmacotherapy, particularly, sedative-hypnotics. Consultant pharmacists can provide medication review services for people using multiple medications. Therefore, they are well placed to provide sleep health/insomnia care with regard to sedative-hypnotic use and behavioral treatment recommendations/sleep health education. However, this avenue is, as yet, unexplored. OBJECTIVES To explore consultant pharmacists' current sleep health-related provisions and what their perspectives are around developing/implementing a consultant pharmacist-led behavioral service for insomnia. METHODS Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience-based sample of consultant pharmacists. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and inductively analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-four consultant pharmacists were interviewed. Three themes were gauged: 1) Trivializing insomnia and sleep health, 2) Providing patient-centered care, 3) Service implementation - What do we need to consider? Participants commonly dealt with older patients and frequently encountered patients with sleep complaints/taking sleep medications. Generally, it was believed that sleep health was given minimal priority, with other comorbidities taking precedence in health provisions. Patients' attitudes toward management approaches were regarded critical to future treatment developments. While interested in expanding their sleep health/insomnia practice, participants expressed the need for appropriate education/training, funding, and collaborative treatment frameworks. CONCLUSION Insomnia/sleep health concerns are growing. Primary health professionals need to scale up their sleep health-care provisions to accommodate for this health demand. Consultant pharmacists are interested/willing to expand their sleep-related practice and provide evidence-based insomnia therapies; however, factors such as education/training, service configuration support, and patient attitudes should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Basheti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Cirus, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Minh Tran
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Association of Consultant Pharmacy, Australia
| | - Keith Wong
- Cirus, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Gordon
- Cirus, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald Grunstein
- Cirus, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bandana Saini
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Cirus, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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5
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Meaklim H, Rehm IC, Monfries M, Junge M, Meltzer LJ, Jackson ML. Wake up psychology! Postgraduate psychology students need more sleep and insomnia education. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2021.1955614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Meaklim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Imogen C. Rehm
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa Monfries
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moira Junge
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- The Sleep Health Foundation, Blacktown, Australia
| | - Lisa J. Meltzer
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Melinda L. Jackson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Basheti MM, Gordon C, Bawa Z, Grunstein R, Saini B. Sleep health management in community pharmacy: Where are we and where should we be heading? Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 17:1945-1956. [PMID: 33602626 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleep health is now recognised as a significant risk factor for chronic diseases and is associated with considerable comorbidity and mortality. Community pharmacists are primary care clinicians with an integral role in sleep health promotion and chronic sleep disorder management; however, it is unclear to what extent this is currently being undertaken or what the perspectives of Australian community pharmacists regarding their role in sleep health are. OBJECTIVES To explore community pharmacists' current sleep health practice and perspectives on the potential future of sleep health care in community pharmacy. METHODS Qualitative semi-structured interviews were carried out with a maximally varied, convenience-based purposive sample of community pharmacists. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and subjected to, in sequence; an inductive analysis followed by a deductive approach where the inductively derived thematic structure was used as a framework. RESULTS Twenty-five community pharmacists from two Australian states were interviewed. Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were the most frequently encountered sleep disorders in community pharmacy presentations. Four key themes were derived from the data: 1) Preparedness, 2) Approach, 3) Capabilities and 4) What needs to change? All participants reported that their sleep health knowledge was insufficient and emphasized the need for more education and training. Although some were engaged in providing OSA services, none of the participants offered services for insomnia or other sleep disorders. Time/task pressures, low health system/health care professional sleep health recognition/awareness and the lack of standardised pharmacy-specific sleep health management guidelines were commonly cited barriers for sleep health service provision. CONCLUSION Community pharmacists commonly manage day-to-day sleep health; however, most expressed a need for increased sleep health recognition/awareness by the health system, targeted education/training for pharmacists and support for the future provision of community pharmacy-delivered sleep health services. With the appropriate implementation strategies, community pharmacists could utilise their availability and accessibility to improve the future of primary care sleep health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M Basheti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Christopher Gordon
- Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zeeta Bawa
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ron Grunstein
- Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bandana Saini
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Caudwell L, Himani H, Khaw A, Taylor R, White J, Rhodes S, Skinner M. Attitudes and perceptions of health professionals towards sleep health: a systematic review. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2020.1832713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Caudwell
- Center for Health Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Himani Himani
- Center for Health Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alice Khaw
- Center for Health Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ruby Taylor
- Center for Health Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jessica White
- Center for Health Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Rhodes
- Center for Health Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Margot Skinner
- Center for Health Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Meaklim H, Jackson ML, Bartlett D, Saini B, Falloon K, Junge M, Slater J, Rehm IC, Meltzer LJ. Sleep education for healthcare providers: Addressing deficient sleep in Australia and New Zealand. Sleep Health 2020; 6:636-650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Leak RK, Weiner SL, Chandwani MN, Rhodes DC. Long weekend sleep is linked to stronger academic performance in male but not female pharmacy students. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2020; 44:350-357. [PMID: 32568007 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00005.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poor sleep hygiene portends loss of physical and mental stamina. Therefore, maintaining a regular sleep/wake schedule on both weekdays and weekends is highly recommended. However, this advice runs contrary to the habits of university students who sleep late on weekends. Pharmacy students at Duquesne University sit for frequent examinations, typically commencing at 7:30 AM, and they complain about mental fatigue. Here, we tested the central hypothesis that longer sleep durations on both weekdays and weekends are linked to stronger academic performance in men and women. Students in their first professional year were administered three surveys to collect data on sleep habits and factors that might influence sleep, such as roommates, long commute times, and sleep interruptions. Grade point averages (GPAs) were collected from the Dean's office, with individual permissions from the students. Longer weekend-but not weekday-sleep durations were significantly correlated with higher cumulative GPAs in men and not in women. Women achieved slightly higher cumulative GPAs than men. Students who fell asleep within 15 min of going to bed had higher professional-phase GPAs than those who fell asleep after an hour or more. Our observations cannot establish causal links, but, given the body of prior evidence on the salutary properties of sleep, men may reap more benefit from recovery sleep on weekends. Rather than recommending that students force themselves awake early on weekends in an attempt to maintain a consistent sleep routine, the real-life habits of students should also be given consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Khan Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan L Weiner
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Manisha N Chandwani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Diane C Rhodes
- School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Varma P, Jackson ML, Meaklim H. Dreaming of the good old days: sleep in older adults. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Varma
- Casual Academic and PhD Candidate RMIT Sleep Laboratory, Discipline of Psychology, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences RMIT University Melbourne Australia
- Co‐Chair Insomnia and Sleep Health Council for the Australasian Sleep Association Blacktown Australia
| | - Melinda L. Jackson
- Senior Lecturer, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University Clayton/Melbourne Australia
- Co‐Chair Chronobiology Council for the Australasian Sleep Association Blacktown Australia
| | - Hailey Meaklim
- Casual Academic and PhD Candidate RMIT Sleep Laboratory, Discipline of Psychology, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences RMIT University Melbourne Australia
- Co‐Chair Insomnia and Sleep Health Council for the Australasian Sleep Association Blacktown Australia
- Sleep Centre, Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne Australia
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11
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Awareness and attitudes of final-year pharmacy students towards chronotherapy: a needs analysis. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-016-0062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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A systematic review of pharmacists performing obstructive sleep apnea screening services. Int J Clin Pharm 2016; 38:752-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11096-016-0319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cates ME, Clark A, Woolley TW, Saunders A. Sleep quality among pharmacy students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2015; 79:09. [PMID: 25741025 PMCID: PMC4346821 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe79109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the quality of sleep among pharmacy students in the didactic portion of the curriculum at one school of pharmacy. METHODS The study consisted of an anonymous, voluntary survey that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-rated instrument that measures sleep habits for a month. RESULTS The survey was completed by 253 students. Students in the lower grade point average (GPA) category had higher scores on 2 of 7 components of the PSQI and on the global score. Poor sleep quality, indicated by a global PSQI score of greater than 5, was reported by 140 students. The rate of poor sleeping was higher among students in the lower GPA category. CONCLUSION Poor sleep quality was pervasive among surveyed pharmacy students in the didactic portion of the pharmacy school curriculum, especially among those with lower GPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall E. Cates
- Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Andraya Clark
- Ireland Army Community Hospital, Fort Knox, Kentucky
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Clinical services for obstructive sleep apnea patients in pharmacies: the Australian experience. Int J Clin Pharm 2014; 36:460-8. [PMID: 24562977 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-014-9926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australia, certain pharmacies have undertaken a role in the management of the chronic sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apnea. The perspectives of pharmacy staff involved in this niche clinical service have never been formally collated on a national scale. The experiences of Australian pharmacies could provide a template for pharmacies in other health systems to adopt similar roles. OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of the perspectives of pharmacy staff involved in Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and sleep apnea-related services. Specifically, to describe clinical and structural elements, explore benefits and barriers, investigate viability, and gauge perspectives on future directions. SETTING Australian community pharmacies involved in CPAP and sleep apnea-related services. METHOD Cross-sectional mail survey. A questionnaire designed to meet the study objectives was developed by the researchers and mailed to all pharmacies in Australia providing CPAP services during the period of study recruitment. Pharmacies were identified through the distributor lists of the major CPAP manufacturers and a comprehensive Internet search. Non-responders were contacted in two subsequent recruitment rounds. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Self-reported sleep apnea service specifics. RESULTS A response rate of 55 % was achieved (n = 106 questionnaires valid for data entry). Benefits of providing a CPAP service included meeting patient and community needs, and professional satisfaction. Barriers included the cost of CPAP equipment to patients and lack of time. A majority of pharmacies (71 %) reported the service was financially viable despite most (63 %) not charging a 'fee for service.' Respondents expressed the view that CPAP provision should remain a specialist area of practice within the pharmacy profession. Key areas identified for improvement within the service were: (1) Staff training and knowledge (2) Promotion of the service and increasing public awareness (3) Infrastructure and expansion (4) Inter-professional collaboration and communication (5) Patient follow-up. CONCLUSION The provision of CPAP and sleep apnea-related services can be a viable and rewarding experience for pharmacists. The role may need to remain a specialised area for those willing to invest significantly in the service--in time, staff, resources and finances.
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15
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Hanes CA, Wong KK, Saini B. An overview of service quality of continuous positive airway pressure services in Australian pharmacies. Respirology 2013; 19:85-91. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carissa A. Hanes
- Faculty of Pharmacy; The University of Sydney; Sydney
- The NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS); Glebe
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; Glebe
| | - Keith K.H. Wong
- Faculty of Medicine; The University of Sydney; Sydney
- The NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS); Glebe
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; Glebe
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Bandana Saini
- Faculty of Pharmacy; The University of Sydney; Sydney
- The NHMRC Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS); Glebe
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; Glebe
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16
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Nikles J, Lo V, Giam JA, Saini B. Exploring melatonin prescribing among customers of compounding pharmacies in Australia. Med J Aust 2012; 196:384-5. [DOI: 10.5694/mja12.10145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Nikles
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
| | | | - Jennifer A Giam
- Professional Compounding Chemists of Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW
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Fuller JM, Wong KK, Krass I, Grunstein R, Saini B. Sleep disorders screening, sleep health awareness, and patient follow-up by community pharmacists in Australia. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2011; 83:325-335. [PMID: 21640541 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community pharmacies are well placed to deliver education and counseling to improve sleep health. OBJECTIVE To develop, implement and evaluate a pharmacist led sleep health program. METHODS Participating pharmacists (n=23) were trained to screen, counsel and follow up patients at risk of sleep disorders. Patients were screened for specific sleep disorders, counseled, provided written information and/or referred to physicians. Patient outcomes were evaluated by questionnaire at 3 or 12 months post screening. RESULTS A total of 325 patients were screened, with 142 (44%) patients at risk of one or more sleep disorders. A total of 847 interventions were recorded by pharmacists: verbal counseling (49%), written information (34%), and referrals (16%). A total of 63 patients (of 99 recalling being referred) reported acting on their referral. Positive changes were made with smoking (4%), caffeine intake (10%), alcohol intake (9%) and improved sleep environment (19%). CONCLUSION Pharmacists can raise awareness through educating patients on sleep health, and through counseling initiate behavior change in those at risk of having or developing a sleep disorder. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Further research using this feasibility study can help in understanding the utility of pharmacists screening patients for sleep disorders and educating the public in sleep health.
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Simmons MS, Pullinger A. Education in sleep disorders in US dental schools DDS programs. Sleep Breath 2011; 16:383-92. [PMID: 21523492 PMCID: PMC3306848 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-011-0507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical school surveys of pre-doctoral curriculum hours in the somnology, the study of sleep, and its application in sleep medicine/sleep disorders (SM) show slow progress. Limited information is available regarding dentist training. This study assessed current pre-doctoral dental education in the field of somnology with the hypothesis that increased curriculum hours are being devoted to SM but that competencies are still lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 58 US dental schools were surveyed for curriculum offered in SM in the 2008/2009 academic year using an eight-topic, 52-item questionnaire mailed to the deans. Two new dental schools with interim accreditation had not graduated a class and were not included. Responses were received from 49 of 56 (87.5%) of the remaining schools. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Results showed 75.5% of responding US dental schools reported some teaching time in SM in their pre-doctoral dental program with curriculum hours ranging from 0 to 15 h: 12 schools spent 0 h (24.5%), 26 schools 1-3 h, 5 schools 4-6 h, 3 schools 7-10 h, and 3 schools >10 h. The average number of educational hours was 3.92 h for the schools with curriculum time in SM, (2.96 across all 49 responding schools). The most frequently covered topics included sleep-related breathing disorders (32 schools) and sleep bruxism (31 schools). Although 3.92 h is an improvement from the mean 2.5 h last reported, the absolute number of curriculum hours given the epidemic scope of sleep problems still appears insufficient in most schools to achieve any competency in screening for SRBD, or sufficient foundation for future involvement in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Scott Simmons
- Department of Oral Medicine and Orofacial Pain, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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How do pharmacists respond to complaints of acute insomnia? A simulated patient study. Int J Clin Pharm 2011; 33:237-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11096-011-9482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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