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White LC, Städele V, Ramirez Amaya S, Langergraber K, Vigilant L. Female chimpanzees avoid inbreeding even in the presence of substantial bisexual philopatry. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:230967. [PMID: 38234436 PMCID: PMC10791533 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Inbreeding (reproduction between relatives) often decreases the fitness of offspring and is thus expected to lead to the evolution of inbreeding avoidance strategies. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are expected to avoid inbreeding as they are long-lived, invest heavily in offspring and may encounter adult, opposite sex kin frequently, especially in populations where both males and females commonly remain in the group in which they were born (bisexual philopatry). However, it is unclear whether substantial bisexual philopatry has been a feature of chimpanzees' evolutionary history or whether it is a result of recent anthropogenic interference, as the only groups for which it has been documented are significantly impacted by human encroachment and experience notable rates of potentially unsustainable inbreeding. Here we use 14 years of observational data and a large genomic dataset of 256 481 loci sequenced from 459 individuals to document dispersal and inbreeding dynamics in an eastern chimpanzee (P. t. schweinfurthii) community with low levels of anthropogenic disturbance. We document the first case of substantial bisexual philopatry in a relatively undisturbed chimpanzee community and show that, despite an increased inbreeding risk incurred by females who do not disperse before reaching reproductive age, natal females were still able to avoid producing inbred offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. White
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Veronika Städele
- Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sebastian Ramirez Amaya
- Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kevin Langergraber
- Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Linda Vigilant
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Wang Y, Wang C, Hong W, Tian S, Lu Q, Wang BJ, Jin H, Zhuoma N, Lu X, Zhao H. Genomic analysis of Tibetan ground tits identifies molecular adaptations associated with cooperative breeding. Curr Zool 2023; 69:620-630. [PMID: 37637321 PMCID: PMC10449426 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooperative breeding is a sophisticated altruistic social behavior that helps social animals to adapt to harsh environments. The Tibetan ground tit, Pseudopodoces humilis, is a high-altitude bird endemic to the Tibetan plateau. Recently, it has become an exciting system for studying the evolution of facultative cooperative breeding. To test for molecular adaptations associated with cooperative breeding, we resequenced the whole genome of ground tits from 6 wild populations that display remarkable variation in the frequency of cooperative breeding. Population structure analyses showed that the 6 populations were divided into 4 lineages, which is congruent with the major geographical distribution of the sampling sites. Using genome-wide selective sweep analysis, we identified putative positively selected genes (PSGs) in groups of tits that displayed high and low cooperative breeding rates. The total number of PSGs varied from 146 to 722 in high cooperative breeding rate populations, and from 272 to 752 in low cooperative breeding rate populations. Functional enrichment analysis of these PSGs identified several significantly enriched ontologies related to oxytocin signaling, estrogen signaling, and insulin secretion. PSGs involved in these functional ontologies suggest that molecular adaptations in hormonal regulation may have played important roles in shaping the evolution of cooperative breeding in the ground tit. Taken together, our study provides candidate genes and functional ontologies involved in molecular adaptations associated with cooperative breeding in Tibetan ground tits, and calls for a better understanding of the genetic roles in the evolution of cooperative breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at Wuhan University—Tibet University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at Wuhan University—Tibet University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at Wuhan University—Tibet University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at Wuhan University—Tibet University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at Wuhan University—Tibet University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bing-Jun Wang
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at Wuhan University—Tibet University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huaiming Jin
- Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Nima Zhuoma
- Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at Wuhan University—Tibet University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huabin Zhao
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at Wuhan University—Tibet University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
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Huang M, Liu Y, Lu X. Genomic Basis of Adaptive Divergence in Leg Length between Ground- and Tree-Dwelling Species within a Bird Family. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad166. [PMID: 37708414 PMCID: PMC10516731 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hind limbs of tetrapods vary greatly in length and the variability can be associated with locomotor adaptation. Although the phenotypic evolution has been well documented, the underlying genetic basis remains poorly understood. We address this issue by integrating comparative genomics and functional prediction with a study system consisting of ground-dwelling, long-legged and tree-dwelling, short-legged species within the avian family Paridae. Genome-wide divergence and phenotypic correlation analyses jointly identified five highly divergent genomic regions that are significantly related with the difference in leg length between these two groups. Gene annotation for these regions detected three genes involved in skeletal development, that is, PTPA, BRINP1, and MIGA2, with the first one being under the strongest selection. Furthermore, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region of PTPA can well distinguish the two groups with distinct leg length. Among the four SNPs, one is non-synonymous mutation, and according to the prediction for protein structure and function, it can affect the 3D structure of the encoded protein by altering the corresponding amino acid's position. The alleles of PTPA were found in all sequenced species of the orders Palaeognathae and Psittaciformes, which typically take a ground locomotion style. A whole-genome scanning across bird species uncovered that the four SNPs are more likely to be present in resident passerines with increased leg length/wing length ratios (a proxy of leg-dependent locomotion efficiency). Our findings provide insight into the molecular evolution of locomotion performance based on leg morphology in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Huang
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanrui Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Fan H, Guo W, Lu X. How do helpers slow senescence in a Tibetan cooperatively breeding bird? Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Fan
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Weibin Guo
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
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5
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Vihinen M. Individual Genetic Heterogeneity. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091626. [PMID: 36140794 PMCID: PMC9498725 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation has been widely covered in literature, however, not from the perspective of an individual in any species. Here, a synthesis of genetic concepts and variations relevant for individual genetic constitution is provided. All the different levels of genetic information and variation are covered, ranging from whether an organism is unmixed or hybrid, has variations in genome, chromosomes, and more locally in DNA regions, to epigenetic variants or alterations in selfish genetic elements. Genetic constitution and heterogeneity of microbiota are highly relevant for health and wellbeing of an individual. Mutation rates vary widely for variation types, e.g., due to the sequence context. Genetic information guides numerous aspects in organisms. Types of inheritance, whether Mendelian or non-Mendelian, zygosity, sexual reproduction, and sex determination are covered. Functions of DNA and functional effects of variations are introduced, along with mechanism that reduce and modulate functional effects, including TARAR countermeasures and intraindividual genetic conflict. TARAR countermeasures for tolerance, avoidance, repair, attenuation, and resistance are essential for life, integrity of genetic information, and gene expression. The genetic composition, effects of variations, and their expression are considered also in diseases and personalized medicine. The text synthesizes knowledge and insight on individual genetic heterogeneity and organizes and systematizes the central concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauno Vihinen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
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Li Z, Da X, Lu X. Complementary interactions between indirect and direct fitness in a cooperatively breeding bird. Curr Zool 2022; 69:76-81. [PMID: 36974150 PMCID: PMC10039178 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Altruism is difficult to explain evolutionarily and to understand it, there is a need to quantify the benefits and costs to altruists. Hamilton's theory of kin selection argues that altruism can persist if the costs to altruists are offset by indirect fitness payoffs from helping related recipients. Nevertheless, helping non-kin is also common and in such situations the costs must be compensated for by direct benefits. While previous researchers tended to evaluate the indirect and direct fitness in isolation, we expect that they have a complementary interaction where altruists are associated with recipients of different relatedness within a population. The prediction is tested with 12 years of data on lifetime reproductive success for a cooperatively breeding bird, Tibetan ground tits Pseudopodoces humilis. Helpers who helped distantly related recipients gained significantly lower indirect benefits than those who helped closely related recipients, but the opposite was true for direct fitness, thereby making these helpers have an equal inclusive fitness. Helping efforts were independent of helpers' relatedness to recipients, but those helping distantly related recipients were more likely to inherit the resident territory, which could be responsible for their high direct reproductive success. Our findings provide an explanatory model for the widespread coexistence of altruists and recipients with varying relatedness within a single population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Li
- Institute for Advanced Studies,Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinwei Da
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Institute for Advanced Studies,Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Khera M, Arbuckle K, Hoffman JI, Sanderson JL, Cant MA, Nichols HJ. Cooperatively breeding banded mongooses do not avoid inbreeding through familiarity-based kin recognition. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In species that live in family groups, such as cooperative breeders, inbreeding is usually avoided through the recognition of familiar kin. For example, individuals may avoid mating with conspecifics encountered regularly in infancy, as these likely include parents, siblings, and closely related alloparents. Other mechanisms have also been reported, albeit rarely; for example, individuals may compare their own phenotype to that of others, with close matches representing likely relatives (“phenotype matching”). However, determinants of the primary inbreeding avoidance mechanisms used by a given species remain poorly understood. We use 24 years of life history and genetic data to investigate inbreeding avoidance in wild cooperatively breeding banded mongooses (Mungos mungo). We find that inbreeding avoidance occurs within social groups but is far from maximised (mean pedigree relatedness between 351 breeding pairs = 0.144). Unusually for a group-living vertebrate, we find no evidence that females avoid breeding with males with which they are familiar in early life. This is probably explained by communal breeding; females give birth in tight synchrony and pups are cared for communally, thus reducing the reliability of familiarity-based proxies of relatedness. We also found little evidence that inbreeding is avoided by preferentially breeding with males of specific age classes. Instead, females may exploit as-yet unknown proxies of relatedness, for example, through phenotype matching, or may employ postcopulatory inbreeding avoidance mechanisms. Investigation of species with unusual breeding systems helps to identify constraints against inbreeding avoidance and contributes to our understanding of the distribution of inbreeding across species.
Significance statement
Choosing the right mate is never easy, but it may be particularly difficult for banded mongooses. In most social animals, individuals avoid mating with those that were familiar to them as infants, as these are likely to be relatives. However, we show that this rule does not work in banded mongooses. Here, the offspring of several mothers are raised in large communal litters by their social group, and parents seem unable to identify or direct care towards their own pups. This may make it difficult to recognise relatives based on their level of familiarity and is likely to explain why banded mongooses frequently inbreed. Nevertheless, inbreeding is lower than expected if mates are chosen at random, suggesting that alternative pre- or post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance mechanisms are used.
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Pike VL, Cornwallis CK, Griffin AS. Why don't all animals avoid inbreeding? Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211045. [PMID: 34344184 PMCID: PMC8334842 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals are expected to avoid mating with relatives as inbreeding can reduce offspring fitness, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. This has led to the widespread assumption that selection will favour individuals that avoid mating with relatives. However, the strength of inbreeding avoidance is variable across species and there are numerous cases where related mates are not avoided. Here we test if the frequency that related males and females encounter each other explains variation in inbreeding avoidance using phylogenetic meta-analysis of 41 different species from six classes across the animal kingdom. In species reported to mate randomly with respect to relatedness, individuals were either unlikely to encounter relatives, or inbreeding had negligible effects on offspring fitness. Mechanisms for avoiding inbreeding, including active mate choice, post-copulatory processes and sex-biased dispersal, were only found in species with inbreeding depression. These results help explain why some species seem to care more about inbreeding than others: inbreeding avoidance through mate choice only evolves when there is both a risk of inbreeding depression and related sexual partners frequently encounter each other.
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9
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Wells DA, Cant MA, Thompson FJ, Marshall HH, Vitikainen EIK, Hoffman JI, Nichols HJ. Extra-group paternity varies with proxies of relatedness in a social mammal with high inbreeding risk. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Behavioral mechanisms for avoiding inbreeding are common in the natural world and are believed to have evolved as a response to the negative consequences of inbreeding. However, despite a fundamental role in fitness, we have a limited understanding of the cues that individuals use to assess inbreeding risk, as well as the extent to which individual inbreeding behavior is repeatable. We used piecewise structural equation modeling of 24 years of data to investigate the causes and consequences of within- versus extra-group paternity in banded mongooses. This cooperatively breeding mammal lives in tight-knit social groups that often contain closely related opposite-sex breeders, so inbreeding can be avoided through extra-group mating. We used molecular parentage assignments to show that, despite extra-group paternity resulting in outbred offspring, within-group inbreeding occurs frequently, with around 16% litters being moderately or highly inbred. Additionally, extra-group paternity appears to be plastic, with females mating outside of their social group according to individual proxies (age and immigration status) and societal proxies (group size and age) of within-group inbreeding risk but not in direct response to levels of within-group relatedness. While individual repeatability in extra-group paternity was relatively low, female cobreeders showed high repeatability, suggesting a strong constraint arising from the opportunities for extra-group mating. The use of extra-group paternity as an inbreeding avoidance strategy is, therefore, limited by high costs, opportunity constraints, and the limited reliability of proxies of inbreeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wells
- Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, Postfach, Bielefeld, Germany
- School of Natural Science and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael A Cant
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Faye J Thompson
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Harry H Marshall
- Centre for Research in Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Emma I K Vitikainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joseph I Hoffman
- Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, Postfach, Bielefeld, Germany
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Hazel J Nichols
- Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, Postfach, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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10
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Cost, risk, and avoidance of inbreeding in a cooperatively breeding bird. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15724-15730. [PMID: 32571952 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918726117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding is often avoided in natural populations by passive processes such as sex-biased dispersal. But, in many social animals, opposite-sexed adult relatives are spatially clustered, generating a risk of incest and hence selection for active inbreeding avoidance. Here we show that, in long-tailed tits (Aegithalos caudatus), a cooperative breeder that risks inbreeding by living alongside opposite-sex relatives, inbreeding carries fitness costs and is avoided by active kin discrimination during mate choice. First, we identified a positive association between heterozygosity and fitness, indicating that inbreeding is costly. We then compared relatedness within breeding pairs to that expected under multiple mate-choice models, finding that pair relatedness is consistent with avoidance of first-order kin as partners. Finally, we show that the similarity of vocal cues offers a plausible mechanism for discrimination against first-order kin during mate choice. Long-tailed tits are known to discriminate between the calls of close kin and nonkin, and they favor first-order kin in cooperative contexts, so we conclude that long-tailed tits use the same kin discrimination rule to avoid inbreeding as they do to direct help toward kin.
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Cousseau L, Van de Loock D, Githiru M, Vangestel C, Lens L. Female need for paternal care shapes variation in extra-pair paternity in a cooperative breeder. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Socially monogamous females regularly mate with males outside the pair bond. The prevailing explanation for this behavior is that females gain genetic benefits resulting from increased fitness of extra-pair offspring. Furthermore, because of the risk of reduced paternal care in response to cuckoldry, females are expected to seek extra-pair copulations when they can rear offspring with little help from their social partner (“constrained female” hypothesis). We tested these hypotheses and analyzed variation in paternal care in the Afrotropical, facultative cooperative breeding placid greenbul (Phyllastrephus placidus). Overall, approximately 50% of the offspring resulted from extra-pair (and extra-group) mating. Identified extra-pair males were in most cases neighboring dominant males, yet never within-group subordinates. As predicted by the constrained female hypothesis, the occurrence of extra-pair paternity (EPP) increased with the number of cooperative helpers (and not with total group size). However, dominant males did not adjust their food provisioning rates in response to EPP. Although extra-pair males were more strongly related to the dominant female and less heterozygous than the latter’s social mate, this did not result in more inbred extra-pair offspring, likely because identified extra-pair males were not representative of the extra-pair male population. While earlier studies on EPP mainly focused on male genetic quality, results from this study provide evidence that female’s social context may affect extra-pair strategies too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Cousseau
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries Van de Loock
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Ornithology Section, Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mwangi Githiru
- Ornithology Section, Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Wildlife Works, Voi, Kenya
| | - Carl Vangestel
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 26, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, Belgium
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Lerch BA, Dautel KA, Brewer S, Liang A, Siewe N, Flanagan S. Space, density and extra‐pair matings have opposing impacts on male and female reproductive success. POPUL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Lerch
- National Institute of Mathematical and Biological Synthesis University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
- Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Kimberly A. Dautel
- National Institute of Mathematical and Biological Synthesis University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
- School of Mathematical Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester New York
| | - Sharee Brewer
- National Institute of Mathematical and Biological Synthesis University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences Fisk University Nashville Tennessee
| | - Alan Liang
- National Institute of Mathematical and Biological Synthesis University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
- Department of Computer Science Cornell University Ithaca New York
| | - Nourridine Siewe
- National Institute of Mathematical and Biological Synthesis University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
| | - Sarah Flanagan
- National Institute of Mathematical and Biological Synthesis University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
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Tremmel M, Steinitz H, Kliot A, Harari A, Lubin Y. Dispersal, endosymbiont abundance and fitness-related consequences of inbreeding and outbreeding in a social beetle. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Most social species outbreed. However, some have persistent inbreeding with occasional outbreeding, and the decision of the individual regarding whether to stay in the natal group and inbreed or to disperse, with the potential to outbreed, is flexible and may depend on social, genetic and ecological benefits and costs. Few of these factors have been investigated experimentally in these systems. The beetle Coccotrypes dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 (Scolytidae: Xyloborinae) lives in extended family colonies inside date seeds. The beetles inbreed, but some individuals disperse away from the natal seed and may outbreed. We investigated dispersal behaviour and assessed fitness-related measures in inbred and outbred offspring, in addition to the relative abundance of two endosymbionts. We predicted inbred offspring to have higher fitness-related measures and a reduced tendency to disperse than outbred offspring, owing to fitness benefits of cooperation within the colony, whereas increased endosymbiont abundance will promote dispersal of their hosts, thus enhancing their own spread in the population. Dispersing beetles were more active than ones that remained in the natal seed. As predicted, fewer inbred offspring dispersed than outbred offspring, but they matured and dispersed earlier. Fitness-related measures of inbred mothers were either lower (number of offspring) or not different (body mass) from those of outbred mothers. Inbred dispersers had greater amounts of Wolbachia, suggesting a role in dispersal. The results support the hypothesis that inbred females reduce dispersal and that early maturation and dispersal are likely to be benefits of increased cooperation in brood care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tremmel
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Hadas Steinitz
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Adi Kliot
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
| | - Ally Harari
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Yael Lubin
- Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
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14
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Benítez Saldívar MJ, Miño CI, Massoni V. Genetic mating system, population genetics and effective size of Saffron Finches breeding in southern South America. Genetica 2019; 147:315-326. [PMID: 31350624 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thraupidae (Tanagers and allies) show a remarkable array of behaviors, ecologies, morphologies and plumage colors, offering a great opportunity to investigate the evolution of avian mating strategies. We characterize the population genetics and mating system of Sicalis flaveola pelzelni, a socially monogamous Neotropical songbird with biparental care. We found moderate to high levels of neutral genetic variation, similar across three breeding seasons, consistent with large and stable populations, and no temporal genetic structure. Parentage analyses of 114 adults and 198 nestlings (54 nests) revealed 31.8% of extra-pair offspring (EPO) and 51.8% of broods with at least one extra-pair chick. Extra-pair paternity (EPP) rates varied across seasons and were significantly higher in 2014/2015. Neither breeding synchrony nor pair genetic relatedness was significantly associated to EPP rates. Males paired with females in nests with and without EPO were equally heterozygous, and EPO were significantly less heterozygous than within-pair offspring, not supporting the 'indirect genetic benefits' hypotheses. Females were more related to their extra-pair mates than to their social mates, not supporting the 'inbreeding avoidance' hypothesis. The non-monogamous genetic mating system uncovered here seems not to lower the effective size of the population, which was higher than the sample size of adult breeders. We report and discuss possible cases of quasi-parasitism, as indicated by maternity exclusion patterns. We contribute novel information to expand the knowledge about the largely unexplored genetic mating systems of Thraupidae. Our findings also set the stage for further studies examining if plumage coloration or song traits predict paternity gain or loss in Saffron Finches.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Juliana Benítez Saldívar
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución - IEGEBA, Universidad de Buenos Aires - UBA/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, FCEFyN, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Isabel Miño
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical - IBS, Universidad Nacional de Misiones - U.Na.M./Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Viviana Massoni
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución - IEGEBA, Universidad de Buenos Aires - UBA/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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O’Brien DM, Keogh JS, Silla AJ, Byrne PG. Female choice for related males in wild red-backed toadlets (Pseudophryne coriacea). Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMate choice for genetic benefits is assumed to be widespread in nature, yet very few studies have comprehensively examined relationships between female mate choice and male genetic quality in wild populations. Here, we use exhaustive sampling and single nucleotide polymorphisms to provide a partial test of the “good genes as heterozygosity” hypothesis and the “genetic compatibility” hypothesis in an entire population of terrestrial breeding red-backed toadlets, Pseudophryne coriacea. We found that successful males did not display higher heterozygosity, despite a positive relationship between male heterozygosity and offspring heterozygosity. Rather, in the larger of 2 breeding events, we found that successful males were more genetically similar to their mate than expected under random mating, indicating that females can use pre- or post-copulatory mate choice mechanisms to bias paternity toward more related males. These findings provide no support for the good genes as heterozygosity hypothesis but lend support to the genetic compatibility hypothesis. A complete test of this hypothesis will now require evaluating how parental genetic similarity impacts offspring fitness. Terrestrial toadlets show a high degree of site fidelity, high levels of genetic structuring between populations, and frequently hybridize with sister species. As such, female mate choice for related males may be an adaptive strategy to reduce outbreeding depression. Our findings provide the first population-wide evidence for non-random preferential inbreeding in a wild amphibian. We argue that such reproductive patterns may be common in amphibians because extreme genetic differentiation within meta-populations creates an inherently high risk of outbreeding depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M O’Brien
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Lifesciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Scott Keogh
- Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Aimee J Silla
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Lifesciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillip G Byrne
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Lifesciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Bose APH, Henshaw JM, Zimmermann H, Fritzsche K, Sefc KM. Inclusive fitness benefits mitigate costs of cuckoldry to socially paired males. BMC Biol 2019; 17:2. [PMID: 30700283 PMCID: PMC6354359 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In socially monogamous species, reproduction is not always confined to paired males and females. Extra-pair males commonly also reproduce with paired females, which is traditionally thought to be costly to the females’ social partners. However, we suggest that when the relatedness between reproducing individuals is considered, cuckolded males can suffer lower fitness losses than otherwise expected, especially when the rate of cuckoldry is high. We combine theoretical modeling with a detailed genetic study on a socially monogamous wild fish, Variabilichromis moorii, which displays biparental care despite exceptionally high rates of extra-pair paternity. Results We measured the relatedness between all parties involved in V. moorii spawning events (i.e. between males and females in social pairs, females and their extra-pair partners, and paired males and their cuckolders), and we reveal that males are on average more related to their cuckolders than expected by chance. Queller–Goodnight estimates of relatedness between males and their cuckolders are on average r = 0.038 but can range up to r = 0.64. This also increases the relatedness between males and the extra-pair offspring under their care. These intriguing results are consistent with the predictions of our mathematical model, which shows that elevated relatedness between paired males and their cuckolders can be adaptive for both parties when competition for fertilizations is strong. Conclusions Our results show how cuckoldry by relatives can offset males’ direct fitness losses with inclusive fitness gains, which can be substantial in systems where males face almost certain paternity losses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0620-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh P H Bose
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jonathan M Henshaw
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Holger Zimmermann
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Karoline Fritzsche
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Kristina M Sefc
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Safari I, Goymann W. Certainty of paternity in two coucal species with divergent sex roles: the devil takes the hindmost. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:110. [PMID: 30005606 PMCID: PMC6043945 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certainty of paternity is considered an important factor in the evolution of paternal care. Several meta-analyses across birds support this idea, particularly for species with altricial young. However, the role of certainty of paternity in the evolution and maintenance of exclusive paternal care in the black coucal (Centropus grillii), which is the only known altricial bird species with male-only care, is not well understood. Here we investigated whether the differences in levels of paternal care in the black coucal and its sympatric congener, the bi-parental white-browed coucal (Centropus superciliosus), are shaped by extra-pair paternity. RESULTS We found that male black coucals experienced a substantially higher loss of paternity than white-browed coucals. Further, unlike any previously reported bird species, extra-pair offspring in black coucals represented mainly the last hatchlings of the broods, and these last hatchlings were more likely to disappear during partial-brood loss. CONCLUSION The results suggest that exclusive paternal care in black coucals is not maintained by male certainty of parentage, and extra-pair fertilizations are unlikely to be a female strategy for seeking 'good genes'. Extra-pair paternity in black coucals may reflect the inability of males to guard and copulate with the female after the onset of incubation, and a female strategy to demonstrate her commitment to other males of her social group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignas Safari
- Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Abteilung für Verhaltensneurobiologie, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße 6a, 82319, Seewiesen, Germany. .,Coucal Project, P.O. Box 26, Chimala, Tanzania. .,Department of Conservation Biology, University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania.
| | - Wolfgang Goymann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie, Abteilung für Verhaltensneurobiologie, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße 6a, 82319, Seewiesen, Germany.,Coucal Project, P.O. Box 26, Chimala, Tanzania
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18
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Nichols HJ. The causes and consequences of inbreeding avoidance and tolerance in cooperatively breeding vertebrates. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Nichols
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
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19
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Duthie AB, Reid JM. Evolution of Inbreeding Avoidance and Inbreeding Preference through Mate Choice among Interacting Relatives. Am Nat 2016; 188:651-667. [DOI: 10.1086/688919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Duthie AB, Bocedi G, Reid JM. When does female multiple mating evolve to adjust inbreeding? Effects of inbreeding depression, direct costs, mating constraints, and polyandry as a threshold trait. Evolution 2016; 70:1927-43. [PMID: 27464756 PMCID: PMC5053304 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyandry is often hypothesized to evolve to allow females to adjust the degree to which they inbreed. Multiple factors might affect such evolution, including inbreeding depression, direct costs, constraints on male availability, and the nature of polyandry as a threshold trait. Complex models are required to evaluate when evolution of polyandry to adjust inbreeding is predicted to arise. We used a genetically explicit individual‐based model to track the joint evolution of inbreeding strategy and polyandry defined as a polygenic threshold trait. Evolution of polyandry to avoid inbreeding only occurred given strong inbreeding depression, low direct costs, and severe restrictions on initial versus additional male availability. Evolution of polyandry to prefer inbreeding only occurred given zero inbreeding depression and direct costs, and given similarly severe restrictions on male availability. However, due to its threshold nature, phenotypic polyandry was frequently expressed even when strongly selected against and hence maladaptive. Further, the degree to which females adjusted inbreeding through polyandry was typically very small, and often reflected constraints on male availability rather than adaptive reproductive strategy. Evolution of polyandry solely to adjust inbreeding might consequently be highly restricted in nature, and such evolution cannot necessarily be directly inferred from observed magnitudes of inbreeding adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bradley Duthie
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Greta Bocedi
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jane M Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
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22
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23
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No facultative manipulation of offspring sex ratio in relation to parental genetic characteristics in a bird with sex-specific heterozygosity-fitness correlation. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Male-male competition drives sexual selection and group spawning in the Omei treefrog, Rhacophorus omeimontis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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26
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Lehtonen J, Kokko H. Why inclusive fitness can make it adaptive to produce less fit extra-pair offspring. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142716. [PMID: 25589605 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social monogamy predominates in avian breeding systems, but most socially monogamous species engage in promiscuous extra-pair copulations (EPCs). The reasons behind this remain debated, and recent empirical work has uncovered patterns that do not seem to fit existing hypotheses. In particular, some results seem to contradict the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis: females can prefer extra-pair partners that are more closely related to them than their social partners, and extra-pair young can have lower fitness than within-pair young. Motivated by these studies, we show that such results can become explicable when an asymmetry in inbreeding tolerance between monogamy and polygamy is extended to species that combine both strategies within a single reproductive season. Under fairly general conditions, it can be adaptive for a female to choose an unrelated social partner, but inbreed with an extra-pair partner. Inbreeding depression is compensated for by inclusive fitness benefits, which are only fully realized in EPCs. We also show that if a female has already formed a suboptimal social bond, there are scenarios where it is beneficial to engage in EPCs with less related males, and others where EPCs with more related males increase her inclusive fitness. This has implications for detecting general relatedness or fitness trends when averaged over several species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Lehtonen
- Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, Basel 4051, Switzerland Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions and Division of Evolution Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions and Division of Evolution Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Institute for Advanced Study, Wallotstrasse 19, Berlin 14193, Germany
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Pedigrees or markers: Which are better in estimating relatedness and inbreeding coefficient? Theor Popul Biol 2015; 107:4-13. [PMID: 26344786 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Individual inbreeding coefficient (F) and pairwise relatedness (r) are fundamental parameters in population genetics and have important applications in diverse fields such as human medicine, forensics, plant and animal breeding, conservation and evolutionary biology. Traditionally, both parameters are calculated from pedigrees, but are now increasingly estimated from genetic marker data. Conceptually, a pedigree gives the expected F and r values, FP and rP, with the expectations being taken (hypothetically) over an infinite number of individuals with the same pedigree. In contrast, markers give the realised (actual) F and r values at the particular marker loci of the particular individuals, FM and rM. Both pedigree (FP, rP) and marker (FM, rM) estimates can be used as inferences of genomic inbreeding coefficients FG and genomic relatedness rG, which are the underlying quantities relevant to most applications (such as estimating inbreeding depression and heritability) of F and r. In the pre-genomic era, it was widely accepted that pedigrees are much better than markers in delineating FG and rG, and markers should better be used to validate, amend and construct pedigrees rather than to replace them. Is this still true in the genomic era when genome-wide dense SNPs are available? In this simulation study, I showed that genomic markers can yield much better estimates of FG and rG than pedigrees when they are numerous (say, 10(4) SNPs) under realistic situations (e.g. genome and population sizes). Pedigree estimates are especially poor for species with a small genome, where FG and rG are determined to a large extent by Mendelian segregations and may thus deviate substantially from their expectations (FP and rP). Simulations also confirmed that FM, when estimated from many SNPs, can be much more powerful than FP for detecting inbreeding depression in viability. However, I argue that pedigrees cannot be replaced completely by genomic SNPs, because the former allows for the calculation of more complicated IBD coefficients (involving more than 2 individuals, more than one locus, and more than 2 genes at a locus) for which the latter may have reduced capacity or limited power, and because the former has social and other significance for remote relationships which have little genetic significance and cannot be inferred reliably from markers.
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Duthie AB, Reid JM. What happens after inbreeding avoidance? Inbreeding by rejected relatives and the inclusive fitness benefit of inbreeding avoidance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125140. [PMID: 25909185 PMCID: PMC4409402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avoiding inbreeding, and therefore avoiding inbreeding depression in offspring fitness, is widely assumed to be adaptive in systems with biparental reproduction. However, inbreeding can also confer an inclusive fitness benefit stemming from increased relatedness between parents and inbred offspring. Whether or not inbreeding or avoiding inbreeding is adaptive therefore depends on a balance between inbreeding depression and increased parent-offspring relatedness. Existing models of biparental inbreeding predict threshold values of inbreeding depression above which males and females should avoid inbreeding, and predict sexual conflict over inbreeding because these thresholds diverge. However, these models implicitly assume that if a focal individual avoids inbreeding, then both it and its rejected relative will subsequently outbreed. We show that relaxing this assumption of reciprocal outbreeding, and the assumption that focal individuals are themselves outbred, can substantially alter the predicted thresholds for inbreeding avoidance for focal males. Specifically, the magnitude of inbreeding depression below which inbreeding increases a focal male’s inclusive fitness increases with increasing depression in the offspring of a focal female and her alternative mate, and it decreases with increasing relatedness between a focal male and a focal female’s alternative mate, thereby altering the predicted zone of sexual conflict. Furthermore, a focal male’s inclusive fitness gain from avoiding inbreeding is reduced by indirect opportunity costs if his rejected relative breeds with another relative of his. By demonstrating that variation in relatedness and inbreeding can affect intra- and inter-sexual conflict over inbreeding, our models lead to novel predictions for family dynamics. Specifically, parent-offspring conflict over inbreeding might depend on the alternative mates of rejected relatives, and male-male competition over inbreeding might lead to mixed inbreeding strategies. Making testable quantitative predictions regarding inbreeding strategies occurring in nature will therefore require new models that explicitly capture variation in relatedness and inbreeding among interacting population members.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bradley Duthie
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jane M. Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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29
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Arct A, Drobniak SM, Cichoń M. Genetic similarity between mates predicts extrapair paternity—a meta-analysis of bird studies. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Reid JM, Arcese P, Keller LF, Germain RR, Duthie AB, Losdat S, Wolak ME, Nietlisbach P. Quantifying inbreeding avoidance through extra-pair reproduction. Evolution 2014; 69:59-74. [PMID: 25346331 PMCID: PMC4312944 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Extra-pair reproduction is widely hypothesized to allow females to avoid inbreeding with related socially paired males. Consequently, numerous field studies have tested the key predictions that extra-pair offspring are less inbred than females’ alternative within-pair offspring, and that the probability of extra-pair reproduction increases with a female's relatedness to her socially paired male. However, such studies rarely measure inbreeding or relatedness sufficiently precisely to detect subtle effects, or consider biases stemming from failure to observe inbred offspring that die during early development. Analyses of multigenerational song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) pedigree data showed that most females had opportunity to increase or decrease the coefficient of inbreeding of their offspring through extra-pair reproduction with neighboring males. In practice, observed extra-pair offspring had lower inbreeding coefficients than females’ within-pair offspring on average, while the probability of extra-pair reproduction increased substantially with the coefficient of kinship between a female and her socially paired male. However, simulations showed that such effects could simply reflect bias stemming from inbreeding depression in early offspring survival. The null hypothesis that extra-pair reproduction is random with respect to kinship therefore cannot be definitively rejected in song sparrows, and existing general evidence that females avoid inbreeding through extra-pair reproduction requires reevaluation given such biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland.
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31
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Luo Z, Hu M, Hong M, Li C, Gu Q, Gu Z, Liao C, Zhao M, Wu H. Outbreeding avoidance as probable driver of mate choice in the
A
siatic toad. J Zool (1987) 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Luo
- Molecular and Behavioural Ecology Research Group School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan China
| | - M. Hu
- Molecular and Behavioural Ecology Research Group School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan China
| | - M. Hong
- Molecular and Behavioural Ecology Research Group School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan China
| | - C. Li
- Molecular and Behavioural Ecology Research Group School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan China
| | - Q. Gu
- Badagongshan National Nature Reserve Sangzhi Hunan China
| | - Z. Gu
- Badagongshan National Nature Reserve Sangzhi Hunan China
| | - C. Liao
- Badagongshan National Nature Reserve Sangzhi Hunan China
| | - M. Zhao
- Molecular and Behavioural Ecology Research Group School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan China
| | - Hua Wu
- Molecular and Behavioural Ecology Research Group School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan China
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32
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Wang C, Lu X. Dispersal in Kin Coalition Throughout the Non-Breeding Season to Facilitate Fine-Scale Genetic Structure in the Breeding Season: Evidence From a Small Passerine. Ethology 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Zoology; College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Zoology; College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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Bichet C, Penn DJ, Moodley Y, Dunoyer L, Cellier-Holzem E, Belvalette M, Grégoire A, Garnier S, Sorci G. Females tend to prefer genetically similar mates in an island population of house sparrows. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:47. [PMID: 24621140 PMCID: PMC3984696 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is often proposed that females should select genetically dissimilar mates to maximize offspring genetic diversity and avoid inbreeding. Several recent studies have provided mixed evidence, however, and in some instances females seem to prefer genetically similar males. A preference for genetically similar mates can be adaptive if outbreeding depression is more harmful than inbreeding depression or if females gain inclusive fitness benefits by mating with close kin. Here, we investigated genetic compatibility and mating patterns in an insular population of house sparrow (Passer domesticus), over a three-year period, using 12 microsatellite markers and one major histocompability complex (MHC) class I gene. Given the small population size and the distance from the mainland, we expected a reduced gene flow in this insular population and we predicted that females would show mating preferences for genetically dissimilar mates. RESULTS Contrary to our expectation, we found that offspring were less genetically diverse (multi-locus heterozygosity) than expected under a random mating, suggesting that females tended to mate with genetically similar males. We found high levels of extra-pair paternity, and offspring sired by extra-pair males had a better fledging success than those sired by the social male. Again, unexpectedly, females tended to be more closely related to extra-pair mates than to their social mates. Our results did not depend on the type of genetic marker used, since microsatellites and MHC genes provided similar results, and we found only little evidence for MHC-dependent mating patterns. CONCLUSIONS These results are in agreement with the idea that mating with genetically similar mates can either avoid the disruption of co-adapted genes or confer a benefit in terms of kin selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Bichet
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France.
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While GM, Uller T, Bordogna G, Wapstra E. Promiscuity resolves constraints on social mate choice imposed by population viscosity. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:721-32. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M. While
- School of Zoology; University of Tasmania; Private Bag 05 Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
- Department of Zoology; Edward Grey Institute; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
| | - Tobias Uller
- Department of Zoology; Edward Grey Institute; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
| | - Genevieve Bordogna
- School of Zoology; University of Tasmania; Private Bag 05 Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
- International Services; Slippery Rock University; Slippery Rock PA 16057 USA
| | - Erik Wapstra
- School of Zoology; University of Tasmania; Private Bag 05 Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
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35
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Reynolds SM, Uy JAC, Patricelli GL, Coleman SW, Braun MJ, Borgia G. Tests of the kin selection model of mate choice and inbreeding avoidance in satin bowerbirds. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Robinson SP, Simmons LW, Kennington WJ. Estimating relatedness and inbreeding using molecular markers and pedigrees: the effect of demographic history. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5779-92. [PMID: 24102888 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Estimates of inbreeding and relatedness are commonly calculated using molecular markers, although the accuracy of such estimates has been questioned. As a further complication, in many situations, such estimates are required in populations with reduced genetic diversity, which is likely to affect their accuracy. We investigated the correlation between microsatellite- and pedigree-based coefficients of inbreeding and relatedness in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster that had passed through bottlenecks to manipulate their genetic diversity. We also used simulations to predict expected correlations between marker- and pedigree-based estimates and to investigate the influence of linkage between loci and null alleles. Our empirical data showed lower correlations between marker- and pedigree-based estimates in our control (nonbottleneck) population than were predicted by our simulations or those found in similar studies. Correlations were weaker in bottleneck populations, confirming that extreme reductions in diversity can compromise the ability of molecular estimates to detect recent inbreeding events. However, this result was highly dependent on the strength of the bottleneck and we did not observe or predict any reduction in correlations in our population that went through a relatively severe bottleneck of N = 10 for one generation. Our results are therefore encouraging, as molecular estimates appeared robust to quite severe reductions in genetic diversity. It should also be remembered that pedigree-based estimates may not capture realized identity-by-decent and that marker-based estimates may actually be more useful in certain situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Robinson
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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37
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Harrison XA, York JE, Cram DL, Young AJ. Extra-group mating increases inbreeding risk in a cooperatively breeding bird. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5700-15. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X. A. Harrison
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation; University of Exeter; Tremough Campus; Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
| | - J. E. York
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation; University of Exeter; Tremough Campus; Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
| | - D. L. Cram
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation; University of Exeter; Tremough Campus; Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
| | - A. J. Young
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation; University of Exeter; Tremough Campus; Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
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38
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Andrew RL, Bernatchez L, Bonin A, Buerkle CA, Carstens BC, Emerson BC, Garant D, Giraud T, Kane NC, Rogers SM, Slate J, Smith H, Sork VL, Stone GN, Vines TH, Waits L, Widmer A, Rieseberg LH. A road map for molecular ecology. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2605-26. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rose L. Andrew
- Department of Botany; University of British Columbia; 3529-6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- DInstitut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systémes; Département de Biologie; 1030, Avenue de la Médecine Université Laval; Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Aurélie Bonin
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine; CNRS UMR 5553 Université Joseph Fourier; BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - C. Alex. Buerkle
- Department of Botany; University of Wyoming; 1000 E. University Ave. Laramie WY 82071 USA
| | - Bryan C. Carstens
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology; 318 W. 12th Ave. The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Brent C. Emerson
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group; Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 La Laguna Tenerife; Canary Islands 38206 Spain
| | - Dany Garant
- Département de Biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Tatiana Giraud
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution; UMR 8079 CNRS-UPS-AgroParisTech, Bâtiment 360 Univ. Paris Sud; 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Nolan C. Kane
- Department of Botany; University of British Columbia; 3529-6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Sean M. Rogers
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Jon Slate
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield S10 2TN UK
| | - Harry Smith
- 79 Melton Road Burton-on-the-Wolds Loughborough LE12 5TQ UK
| | - Victoria L. Sork
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California Los Angeles; 4139 Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Graham N. Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; University of Edinburgh; The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT UK
| | - Timothy H. Vines
- Molecular Ecology Editorial Office; 6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Lisette Waits
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences; University of Idaho; 875 Perimeter Drive MS 1136 Moscow ID 83844 USA
| | - Alex Widmer
- ETH Zurich; Institute of Integrative Biology; Universitätstrasse 16 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Loren H. Rieseberg
- Department of Botany; University of British Columbia; 3529-6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; 1001 E. 3 St., Bloomington IN 47405 USA
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39
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Szulkin M, Stopher KV, Pemberton JM, Reid JM. Inbreeding avoidance, tolerance, or preference in animals? Trends Ecol Evol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Oh KP. Inclusive fitness of 'kissing cousins': new evidence of a role for kin selection in the evolution of extra-pair mating in birds. Mol Ecol 2012; 20:2657-9. [PMID: 21834140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Social monogamy is nearly ubiquitous across avian taxa,but evidence from a proliferation of studies utilizing molecular paternity analysis suggests that sexual monogamy is the rare exception rather than the rule (Griffith et al. 2002). Efforts to explain the prevalence of extra-pair paternity (EPP) have largely focused on the potential fitness benefits for offspring genetic quality, as females are less likely to benefit directly from seeking extra-pair mates. In particular, there has been considerable interest in the degree to which EPP may represent an adaptive female strategy to avoid inbreeding (or outbreeding)depression when paired with a highly related (or unrelated)social mate (Kempenaers 2007). Others have argued that, because relatives share many genes identical by descent,females might increase their own inclusive fitness by providing additional breeding opportunities to genetically related males (Waser et al. 1986; Kokko & Ots 2006). Thus, in the absence of significant inbreeding depression, pursuing EPP with relatives should be favoured by kin selection, although there exist few unambiguous empirical examples of such preferences in the literature. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Wang &Lu (2011) present an analysis of mating patterns with respect to genetic relatedness of social and extra-pair partners in the ground tit (Parus humilis), a facultative cooperative breeder in which socially monogamous pairs occasionally form cooperative groups with unpaired helper males (Fig. 1). Consistent with the predictions of the kin-selection hypothesis, females in both bi-parental and cooperative groups preferentially engaged in extra-pair matings with relatives, irrespective of relatedness to their social mates, and while suffering no apparent costs of inbreeding depression in their progeny. These finding shave several exciting implications for our understanding of avian mating system diversity and the evolution of cooperative breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Oh
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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43
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Stopher KV, Nussey DH, Clutton-Brock TH, Guinness F, Morris A, Pemberton JM. Re-mating across years and intralineage polygyny are associated with greater than expected levels of inbreeding in wild red deer. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:2457-69. [PMID: 23039875 PMCID: PMC3546385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between philopatry and nonrandom mating has important consequences for the genetic structure of populations, influencing co-ancestry within social groups but also inbreeding. Here, using genetic paternity data, we describe mating patterns in a wild population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) which are associated with marked consequences for co-ancestry and inbreeding in the population. Around a fifth of females mate with a male with whom they have mated previously, and further, females frequently mate with a male with whom a female relative has also mated (intralineage polygyny). Both of these phenomena occur more than expected under random mating. Using simulations, we demonstrate that temporal and spatial factors, as well as skew in male breeding success, are important in promoting both re-mating behaviours and intralineage polygyny. However, the information modelled was not sufficient to explain the extent to which these behaviours occurred. We show that re-mating and intralineage polygyny are associated with increased pairwise relatedness in the population and a rise in average inbreeding coefficients. In particular, the latter resulted from a correlation between male relatedness and rutting location, with related males being more likely to rut in proximity to one another. These patterns, alongside their consequences for the genetic structure of the population, have rarely been documented in wild polygynous mammals, yet they have important implications for our understanding of genetic structure, inbreeding avoidance and dispersal in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Stopher
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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44
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Robinson SP, Kennington WJ, Simmons LW. Assortative mating for relatedness in a large naturally occurring population of Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:716-25. [PMID: 22321157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Robinson
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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46
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Lu X, Yu T, Ke D. Helped ground tit parents in poor foraging environments reduce provisioning effort despite nestling starvation. Anim Behav 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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47
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Reproductive skew in an avian cooperative breeder: an empirical test for theoretical models. Behav Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arr143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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