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García-Meseguer AJ, Villastrigo A, Mirón-Gatón JM, Millán A, Velasco J, Muñoz I. Novel Microsatellite Loci, Cross-Species Validation of Multiplex Assays, and By-Catch Mitochondrial Genomes on Ochthebius Beetles from Supratidal Rockpools. INSECTS 2023; 14:881. [PMID: 37999080 PMCID: PMC10672297 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Here we focus on designing, for the first time, microsatellite markers for evolutionary and ecological research on aquatic beetles from the genus Ochthebius (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Some of these non-model species, with high cryptic diversity, exclusively inhabit supratidal rockpools, extreme and highly dynamic habitats with important anthropogenic threats. We analysed 15 individuals of four species (O. lejolisii, O. subinteger, O. celatus, and O. quadricollis) across 10 localities from the Mediterranean coasts of Spain and Malta. Using next-generation sequencing technology, two libraries were constructed to interpret the species of the two subgenera present consistently (Ochthebius s. str., O. quadricollis; and Cobalius, the rest of the species). Finally, 20 markers (10 for each subgenus) were obtained and successfully tested by cross-validation in the four species under study. As a by-catch, we could retrieve the complete mitochondrial genomes of O. lejolisii, O. quadricollis, and O. subinteger. Interestingly, the mitochondrial genome of O. quadricollis exhibited high genetic variability compared to already published data. The novel SSR panels and mitochondrial genomes for Ochthebius will be valuable in future research on species identification, diversity, genetic structure, and population connectivity in highly dynamic and threatened habitats such as supratidal coastal rockpools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrián Villastrigo
- Division of Entomology, SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, 81247 Munich, Germany;
| | - Juana María Mirón-Gatón
- Ecology and Hydrology Department, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.J.G.-M.); (J.M.M.-G.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrés Millán
- Ecology and Hydrology Department, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.J.G.-M.); (J.M.M.-G.); (A.M.)
| | - Josefa Velasco
- Ecology and Hydrology Department, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.J.G.-M.); (J.M.M.-G.); (A.M.)
| | - Irene Muñoz
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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2
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Tregenza T, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Boonekamp JJ, Hopwood PE, Sørensen JG, Bechsgaard J, Settepani V, Hegde V, Waldie C, May E, Peters C, Pennington Z, Leone P, Munk EM, Greenrod STE, Gosling J, Coles H, Gruffydd R, Capria L, Potter L, Bilde T. Evidence for genetic isolation and local adaptation in the field cricket Gryllus campestris. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1624-1636. [PMID: 34378263 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how species can thrive in a range of environments is a central challenge for evolutionary ecology. There is strong evidence for local adaptation along large-scale ecological clines in insects. However, potential adaptation among neighbouring populations differing in their environment has been studied much less. We used RAD sequencing to quantify genetic divergence and clustering of ten populations of the field cricket Gryllus campestris in the Cantabrian Mountains of northern Spain, and an outgroup on the inland plain. Our populations were chosen to represent replicate high and low altitude habitats. We identified genetic clusters that include both high and low altitude populations indicating that the two habitat types do not hold ancestrally distinct lineages. Using common-garden rearing experiments to remove environmental effects, we found evidence for differences between high and low altitude populations in physiological and life-history traits. As predicted by the local adaptation hypothesis, crickets with parents from cooler (high altitude) populations recovered from periods of extreme cooling more rapidly than those with parents from warmer (low altitude) populations. Growth rates also differed between offspring from high and low altitude populations. However, contrary to our prediction that crickets from high altitudes would grow faster, the most striking difference was that at high temperatures, growth was fastest in individuals from low altitudes. Our findings reveal that populations a few tens of kilometres apart have independently evolved adaptations to their environment. This suggests that local adaptation in a range of traits may be commonplace even in mobile invertebrates at scales of a small fraction of species' distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Tregenza
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | | | - Jelle J Boonekamp
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul E Hopwood
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Jesper Givskov Sørensen
- Genetics, Ecology & Evolution Section, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bechsgaard
- Genetics, Ecology & Evolution Section, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Virginia Settepani
- Genetics, Ecology & Evolution Section, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vinayaka Hegde
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Callum Waldie
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Emma May
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Caleb Peters
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Zinnia Pennington
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Paola Leone
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Emil M Munk
- Genetics, Ecology & Evolution Section, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Samuel T E Greenrod
- Genetics, Ecology & Evolution Section, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Joe Gosling
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Harry Coles
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Rhodri Gruffydd
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Loris Capria
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Laura Potter
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Trine Bilde
- Genetics, Ecology & Evolution Section, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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3
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Cox K, McKeown N, Vanden Broeck A, Van Breusegem A, Cammaerts R, Thomaes A. Genetic structure of recently fragmented suburban populations of European stag beetle. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:12290-12306. [PMID: 33209288 PMCID: PMC7663065 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation due to urbanization can negatively affect metapopulation persistence when gene flow among populations is reduced and population sizes decrease. Inference of patterns and processes of population connectivity derived from spatial genetic analysis has proven invaluable for conservation and management. However, a more complete account of population dynamics may be obtained by combining spatial and temporal sampling. We, therefore, performed a genetic study on European stag beetle (Lucanus cervus L.) populations in a suburban context using samples collected in three locations and during the period 2002-2016. The sampling area has seen recent landscape changes which resulted in population declines. Through the use of a suite of F ST, clustering analysis, individual assignment, and relatedness analysis, we assessed fine scale spatiotemporal genetic variation within and among habitat patches using 283 individuals successfully genotyped at 17 microsatellites. Our findings suggested the three locations to hold demographically independent populations, at least over time scales of relevance to conservation, though with higher levels of gene flow in the past. Contrary to expectation from tagging studies, dispersal appeared to be mainly female-biased. Although the life cycle of stag beetle suggests its generations to be discrete, no clear temporal structure was identified, which could be attributed to the varying duration of larval development. Since population bottlenecks were detected and estimates of effective number of breeders were low, conservation actions are eminent which should include the establishment of suitable dead wood for oviposition on both local and regional scales to increase (re)colonization success and connectivity among current populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Cox
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)GeraardsbergenBelgium
| | - Niall McKeown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - An Vanden Broeck
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)GeraardsbergenBelgium
| | - An Van Breusegem
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)GeraardsbergenBelgium
| | - Roger Cammaerts
- Retired from the Natural and Agricultural Environment Studies Department (DEMNA)Public Service of WalloniaGemblouxBelgium
| | - Arno Thomaes
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)BrusselsBelgium
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4
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Bluher SE, Miller SE, Sheehan MJ. Fine-Scale Population Structure but Limited Genetic Differentiation in a Cooperatively Breeding Paper Wasp. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:701-714. [PMID: 32271866 PMCID: PMC7259676 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively little is known about the processes shaping population structure in cooperatively breeding insect species, despite the long-hypothesized importance of population structure in shaping patterns of cooperative breeding. Polistes paper wasps are primitively eusocial insects, with a cooperative breeding system in which females often found nests in cooperative associations. Prior mark-recapture studies of Polistes have documented extreme female philopatry, although genetic studies frequently fail to detect the strong population structure expected for highly philopatric species. Together these findings have led to lack of consensus on the degree of dispersal and population structure in these species. This study assessed population structure of female Polistes fuscatus wasps at three scales: within a single site, throughout Central New York, and across the Northeastern United States. Patterns of spatial genetic clustering and isolation by distance were observed in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes at the continental scale. Remarkably, population structure was evident even at fine spatial scales within a single collection site. However, P. fuscatus had low levels of genetic differentiation across long distances. These results suggest that P. fuscatus wasps may employ multiple dispersal strategies, including extreme natal philopatry as well as longer-distance dispersal. We observed greater genetic differentiation in mitochondrial genes than in the nuclear genome, indicative of increased dispersal distances in males. Our findings support the hypothesis that limited female dispersal contributes toward population structure in paper wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Bluher
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University
| | - Sara E Miller
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University
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5
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Collet M, Amat I, Sauzet S, Auguste A, Fauvergue X, Mouton L, Desouhant E. Insects and incest: Sib-mating tolerance in natural populations of a parasitoid wasp. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:596-609. [PMID: 31850599 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sib-mating avoidance is a pervasive behaviour that is expected to evolve in species subject to inbreeding depression. Although laboratory studies provide elegant demonstrations, small-scaled bioassays minimize the costs of mate finding and choice, and thus may produce spurious findings. We therefore combined laboratory experiments with field observations to examine the existence of inbreeding avoidance using the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens. In the laboratory, our approach consisted of mate-choice experiments to assess kin discrimination in population cages with competitive interactions. A higher mating probability after sib rejections suggested that females could discriminate their sibs; however, in contrast to previous findings, sib-mating avoidance was not observed. To compare our laboratory results to field data, we captured 241 individuals from two populations. Females laid eggs in the lab, and 226 daughters were obtained. All individuals were genotyped at 18 microsatellite loci, which allowed inference of the genotype of each female's mate and subsequently the relatedness within each mating pair. We found that the observed rate of sib-mating did not differ from the probability that sibs encountered one another at random in the field, which is consistent with an absence of sib-mating avoidance. In addition, we detected a weak but significant male-biased dispersal, which could reduce encounters between sibs. We also found weak fitness costs associated with sib-mating. As such, the sex-biased dispersal that we found is probably sufficient to mitigate these costs. These results imply that kin discrimination has probably evolved for purposes other than mate choice, such as superparasitism avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Collet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Amat
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sandrine Sauzet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | - Laurence Mouton
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Desouhant
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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6
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Gallego-Abenza M, Mathevon N, Wheatcroft D. Experience modulates an insect's response to anthropogenic noise. Behav Ecol 2020; 31:90-96. [PMID: 32372854 PMCID: PMC7191250 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to anthropogenic noise, vertebrates express modified acoustic communication signals either through individual plasticity or local population adaptation. In contrast, how insects respond to this stressor is poorly studied. Field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus use acoustic signals to attract and locate mates and are commonly found in noisy roadside environments, offering a powerful system to study the effects of anthropogenic noise on insect communication. Rapid repetition of sexual calls (chirps) is essential to attract females, but calling incurs energetic costs and attracts predators. As a result, males are predicted to reduce calling rates when background noise is high. Here, we combine observations and experimental playbacks to show that the responses of field cricket males to anthropogenic noise also depend on their previous experience with passing cars. First, we show that males living on highway edges decrease their chirp rate in response to passing cars. To assess whether this behavioral response depends on previous exposure to car noise, we then broadcast recordings of car noise to males located at different distances from the road and, therefore, with different previous exposure to car noise. Although all tested individuals responded to broadcasted traffic noise, males closest to the road decreased their chirp rate less than individuals calling further from the road. These results suggest that regular exposure to anthropogenic noise may decrease individuals' sensitivity and behavioral responses to noise, allowing them to maintain effective signaling rates. Behavioral plasticity modulated by experience may thus allow some insect species to cope with human-induced environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gallego-Abenza
- Konrad Lorenz Forschungsstelle, Core Facility for Behaviour and Cognition, University of Vienna, Austria
- Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Mathevon
- Equipe Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle, ENES/Neuro-PSI CNRS UMR9197, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David Wheatcroft
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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7
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Fisher DN, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Tregenza T. Dynamic networks of fighting and mating in a wild cricket population. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Parsons PJ, Grinsted L, Field J. Partner choice correlates with fine scale kin structuring in the paper wasp Polistes dominula. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221701. [PMID: 31465487 PMCID: PMC6715180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooperation among kin is common in animal societies. Kin groups may form by individuals directly discriminating relatives based on kin recognition cues, or form passively through natal philopatry and limited dispersal. We describe the genetic landscape for a primitively eusocial wasp, Polistes dominula, and ask whether individuals choose cooperative partners that are nearby and/or that are genetic relatives. Firstly, we genotyped an entire sub-population of 1361 wasps and found genetic structuring on an extremely fine scale: the probability of finding genetic relatives decreases exponentially within just a few meters of an individual's nest. At the same time, however, we found a lack of genetic structuring between natural nest aggregations within the population. Secondly, in a separate dataset where ~2000 wasps were genotyped, we show that wasps forced experimentally to make a new nest choice tended to choose new nests near to their original nests, and that these nests tended to contain some full sisters. However, a significant fraction of wasps chose nests that did not contain sisters, despite sisters being present in nearby nests. Although we cannot rule out a role for direct kin recognition or natal nest-mate recognition, our data suggest that kin groups may form via a philopatric rule-of-thumb, whereby wasps simply select groups and nesting sites that are nearby. The result is that most subordinate helpers obtain indirect fitness benefits by breeding cooperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul John Parsons
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences: Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX,QD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Lena Grinsted
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Field
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR, United Kingdom
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9
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Ørskov CK, Tregenza T, Overgaard J. Using radiotelemetry to study behavioural thermoregulation in insects under field conditions. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Tregenza
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation University of Exeter Cornwall UK
| | - Johannes Overgaard
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
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10
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11
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Çekin D, Schausberger P. Founder effects on trans-generational dynamics of closed inbreeding lineages of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215360. [PMID: 30973935 PMCID: PMC6459515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Both close inbreeding and distant outbreeding may reduce fitness below the level of individuals with intermediate parental relatedness. In the haplodiploid plant-inhabiting predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis, which is patchily distributed within and among host plants, fitness is indeed reduced in the short term, i.e. by a single generation of inbreeding. However, in the medium to long term (multiple generations), distant out-breeding should provide for favorable demographic founder effects in isolated populations. We tested this prediction in isolated experimental lineages founded by females mated to a sibling (close inbreeding), a male from the same population (intermediate relatedness) or a male from another population (distant outbreeding) and monitored lineage growth and persistence over four generations. Cross-generationally, lineages founded by distantly outbred females performed the best, i.e. produced the most descendants. However, this was solely due to superior performance from the F2 generation onwards, whereas in the F1 generation, lineages founded by females mated to males from their own population (intermediate relatedness) performed the best, as predicted from short-term in- and out-breeding depression effects. At the genetic level, this result was most likely due to distantly outbred founders introducing higher allelic variability and lower homozygosity levels, counterbalancing inbreeding depression, which inevitably occurs in isolated lineages, from the F2 generation onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Çekin
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and Behavior, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Schausberger
- Group of Arthropod Ecology and Behavior, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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12
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Fisher DN, Pruitt JN. Opposite responses to selection and where to find them. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:505-518. [PMID: 30807674 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We generally expect traits to evolve in the same direction as selection. However, many organisms possess traits that appear to be costly for individuals, while plant and animal breeding experiments reveal that selection may lead to no response or even negative responses to selection. We formalize both of these instances as cases of "opposite responses to selection." Using quantitative genetic models for the response to selection, we outline when opposite responses to selection should be expected. These typically occur when social selection opposes direct selection, when individuals interact with others less related to them than a random member of the population, and if the genetic covariance between direct and indirect effects is negative. We discuss the likelihood of each of these occurring in nature and therefore summarize how frequent opposite responses to selection are likely to be. This links several evolutionary phenomena within a single framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan N Pruitt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Boonekamp JJ, Liu XP, Skicko I, Fisher DN, Hopwood P, Tregenza T. Testing the effect of early-life reproductive effort on age-related decline in a wild insect. Evolution 2019; 73:317-328. [PMID: 30597559 PMCID: PMC6590129 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The disposable soma theory of ageing predicts that when organisms invest in reproduction they do so by reducing their investment in body maintenance, inducing a trade‐off between reproduction and survival. Experiments on invertebrates in the lab provide support for the theory by demonstrating the predicted responses to manipulation of reproductive effort or lifespan. However, experimental studies in birds and evidence from observational (nonmanipulative) studies in nature do not consistently reveal trade‐offs. Most species studied previously in the wild are mammals and birds that reproduce over multiple discrete seasons. This contrasts with temperate invertebrates, which typically have annual generations and reproduce over a single season. We expand the taxonomic range of senescence study systems to include life histories typical of most temperate invertebrates. We monitored reproductive effort, ageing, and survival in a natural field cricket population over ten years to test the prediction that individuals investing more in early‐reproduction senesce faster and die younger. We found no evidence of a trade‐off between early‐life reproductive effort and survival, and only weak evidence for a trade‐off with phenotypic senescence. We discuss the possibility that organisms with multiple discrete breeding seasons may have greater opportunities to express trade‐offs between reproduction and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Jelle J Boonekamp
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Xing P Liu
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom.,College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ian Skicko
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - David N Fisher
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Paul Hopwood
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Tregenza
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
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14
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Horreo JL, Peláez ML, Breedveld MC, Suárez T, Urieta M, Fitze PS. Population structure of the oviparous South-West European common lizard. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Fisher DN, David M, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Tregenza T. Lifespan and age, but not residual reproductive value or condition, are related to behaviour in wild field crickets. Ethology 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David N. Fisher
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; University of Exeter; Cornwall UK
- Department for Integrative Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - Morgan David
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; University of Exeter; Cornwall UK
- Department of Biology-Ethology; Drie Eiken Campus; University of Antwerp; Wilrijk (Antwerpen) Belgium
- Drylaw House Gardens; Edinburgh UK
| | | | - Tom Tregenza
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; University of Exeter; Cornwall UK
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16
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Muniz DG, Santos ESA, Guimarães PR, Nakagawa S, Machado G. A multinomial network method for the analysis of mate choice and assortative mating in spatially structured populations. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo G. Muniz
- Postgraduate Programme in Ecology Department of Ecology Institute of Biosciences University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- LAGE Lab Department of Ecology Institute of Biosciences University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Eduardo S. A. Santos
- LAGE Lab Department of Ecology Institute of Biosciences University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- BECO Lab Department of Zoology Institute of Biosciences University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Guimarães
- LAGE Lab Department of Ecology Institute of Biosciences University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Glauco Machado
- LAGE Lab Department of Ecology Institute of Biosciences University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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17
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Duthie AB, Bocedi G, Reid JM. When does female multiple mating evolve to adjust inbreeding? Effects of inbreeding depression, direct costs, mating constraints, and polyandry as a threshold trait. Evolution 2016; 70:1927-43. [PMID: 27464756 PMCID: PMC5053304 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyandry is often hypothesized to evolve to allow females to adjust the degree to which they inbreed. Multiple factors might affect such evolution, including inbreeding depression, direct costs, constraints on male availability, and the nature of polyandry as a threshold trait. Complex models are required to evaluate when evolution of polyandry to adjust inbreeding is predicted to arise. We used a genetically explicit individual‐based model to track the joint evolution of inbreeding strategy and polyandry defined as a polygenic threshold trait. Evolution of polyandry to avoid inbreeding only occurred given strong inbreeding depression, low direct costs, and severe restrictions on initial versus additional male availability. Evolution of polyandry to prefer inbreeding only occurred given zero inbreeding depression and direct costs, and given similarly severe restrictions on male availability. However, due to its threshold nature, phenotypic polyandry was frequently expressed even when strongly selected against and hence maladaptive. Further, the degree to which females adjusted inbreeding through polyandry was typically very small, and often reflected constraints on male availability rather than adaptive reproductive strategy. Evolution of polyandry solely to adjust inbreeding might consequently be highly restricted in nature, and such evolution cannot necessarily be directly inferred from observed magnitudes of inbreeding adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bradley Duthie
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Greta Bocedi
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jane M Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
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18
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Fisher DN, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Tregenza T. Wild cricket social networks show stability across generations. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:151. [PMID: 27464504 PMCID: PMC4964091 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A central part of an animal's environment is its interactions with conspecifics. There has been growing interest in the potential to capture these interactions in the form of a social network. Such networks can then be used to examine how relationships among individuals affect ecological and evolutionary processes. However, in the context of selection and evolution, the utility of this approach relies on social network structures persisting across generations. This is an assumption that has been difficult to test because networks spanning multiple generations have not been available. We constructed social networks for six annual generations over a period of eight years for a wild population of the cricket Gryllus campestris. RESULTS Through the use of exponential random graph models (ERGMs), we found that the networks in any given year were able to predict the structure of networks in other years for some network characteristics. The capacity of a network model of any given year to predict the networks of other years did not depend on how far apart those other years were in time. Instead, the capacity of a network model to predict the structure of a network in another year depended on the similarity in population size between those years. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that cricket social network structure resists the turnover of individuals and is stable across generations. This would allow evolutionary processes that rely on network structure to take place. The influence of network size may indicate that scaling up findings on social behaviour from small populations to larger ones will be difficult. Our study also illustrates the utility of ERGMs for comparing networks, a task for which an effective approach has been elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Fisher
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR109FE Cornwall UK
- Department for Integrative Biology, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 ON Canada
| | - Rolando Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR109FE Cornwall UK
| | - Tom Tregenza
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR109FE Cornwall UK
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19
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Fisher DN, David M, Tregenza T, Rodríguez-Muñoz R. Dynamics of among-individual behavioral variation over adult lifespan in a wild insect. Behav Ecol 2015; 26:975-985. [PMID: 26167097 PMCID: PMC4495759 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating patterns of among and within-individual trait variation in populations is essential to understanding how selection shapes phenotypes. Behavior is often the most flexible aspect of the phenotype, and to understand how it is affected by selection, we need to examine how consistent individuals are. However, it is not well understood whether among-individual differences tend to remain consistent over lifetimes, or whether the behavior of individuals relative to one another varies over time. We examined the dynamics of 4 behavioral traits (tendency to leave a refuge, shyness, activity, and exploration) in a wild population of field crickets (Gryllus campestris). We tagged individuals and then temporarily removed them from their natural environment and tested them under laboratory conditions. All 4 traits showed among-individual variance in mean levels of expression across the adult lifespan, but no significant differences in how rapidly expression changed with age. For all traits, among-individual variance increased as individuals got older. Our findings reveal seldom examined changes in variance components over the adult lifetime of wild individuals. Such changes will have important implications for the relationship between behavioral traits, life-histories, and fitness and the consequences of selection on wild individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Fisher
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter , Treliever Road, Penryn TR109FE , UK and
| | - Morgan David
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter , Treliever Road, Penryn TR109FE , UK and ; Department of Biology-Ethology, University of Antwerp , Drie Eiken Campus, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk (Antwerpen) , Belgium
| | - Tom Tregenza
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter , Treliever Road, Penryn TR109FE , UK and
| | - Rolando Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter , Treliever Road, Penryn TR109FE , UK and
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20
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Fountain T, Butlin RK, Reinhardt K, Otti O. Outbreeding effects in an inbreeding insect, Cimex lectularius. Ecol Evol 2014; 5:409-18. [PMID: 25691967 PMCID: PMC4314272 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In some species, populations with few founding individuals can be resilient to extreme inbreeding. Inbreeding seems to be the norm in the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, a flightless insect that, nevertheless, can reach large deme sizes and persist successfully. However, bed bugs can also be dispersed passively by humans, exposing inbred populations to gene flow from genetically distant populations. The introduction of genetic variation through this outbreeding could lead to increased fitness (heterosis) or be costly by causing a loss of local adaptation or exposing genetic incompatibility between populations (outbreeding depression). Here, we addressed how inbreeding within demes and outbreeding between distant populations impact fitness over two generations in this re-emerging public health pest. We compared fitness traits of families that were inbred (mimicking reproduction following a founder event) or outbred (mimicking reproduction following a gene flow event). We found that outbreeding led to increased starvation resistance compared to inbred families, but this benefit was lost after two generations of outbreeding. No other fitness benefits of outbreeding were observed in either generation, including no differences in fecundity between the two treatments. Resilience to inbreeding is likely to result from the history of small founder events in the bed bug. Outbreeding benefits may only be detectable under stress and when heterozygosity is maximized without disruption of coadaptation. We discuss the consequences of these results both in terms of inbreeding and outbreeding in populations with genetic and spatial structuring, as well as for the recent resurgence of bed bug populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Fountain
- Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK ; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roger K Butlin
- Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK ; Sven Lovén Centre - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg SE, 452 96, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Klaus Reinhardt
- Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK ; Institute for Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Otti
- Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK ; Animal Population Ecology, Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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21
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Zimmer SM, Krehenwinkel H, Schneider JM. Rapid range expansion is not restricted by inbreeding in a sexually cannibalistic spider. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95963. [PMID: 24759976 PMCID: PMC3997557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies investigated whether rapid range expansion is associated with an individual's short-term fitness costs due to an increased risk of inbred mating at the front of expansion. In mating systems with low male mating rates both sexes share potential inbreeding costs and general mechanisms to avoid or reduce these costs are expected. The spider Argiope bruennichi expanded its range recently and we asked whether rapid settlement of new sites exposes individuals to a risk of inbreeding. We sampled four geographically separated subpopulations, genotyped individuals, arranged matings and monitored hatching success. Hatching success was lowest in egg-sacs derived from sibling pairs and highest in egg-sacs derived from among-population crosses, while within-population crosses were intermediate. This indicates that inbreeding might affect hatching success in the wild. Unlike expected, differential hatching success of within- and among-population crosses did not correlate with genetic distance of mating pairs. In contrast, we found high genetic diversity based on 16 microsatellite markers and a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene in all populations. Our results suggest that even a very recent settlement secures the presence of genetically different mating partners. This leads to costs of inbreeding since the population is not inbred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M. Zimmer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Biozentrum Grindel, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Henrik Krehenwinkel
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Jutta M. Schneider
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Biozentrum Grindel, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Liu X, Tu X, He H, Chen C, Xue F. Evidence for inbreeding depression and pre-copulatory, but not post copulatory inbreeding avoidance in the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94389. [PMID: 24718627 PMCID: PMC3981785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding is known to have adverse effects on fitness-related traits in a range of insect species. A series of theoretical and experimental studies have suggested that polyandrous insects could avoid the cost of inbreeding via pre-copulatory mate choice and/or post-copulatory mechanisms. We looked for evidence of pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance using female mate preference trials, in which females were given the choice of mating with either of two males, a sibling and a non-sibling. We also tested for evidence of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance by conducting double mating experiments, in which four sibling females were mated with two males sequentially, either two siblings, two non-siblings or a sibling and a non-sibling in either order. We identified substantial inbreeding depression: offspring of females mated to full siblings had lower hatching success, slower development time from egg to adult, lower survival of larval and pupal stages, and lower adult body mass than the offspring of females mated to non-sibling males. We also found evidence of pre-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, as females preferred to mate with non-sibling males. However, we did not find any evidence of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance: egg hatching success of females mating to both sibling and non-sibling males were consistent with sperm being used without bias in relation to mate relatedness. Our results suggest that this cabbage beetle has evolved a pre-copulatory mechanism to avoid matings between close relative, but that polyandry is apparently not an inbreeding avoidance mechanism in C. bowringi.
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Affiliation(s)
- XingPing Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - XiaoYun Tu
- Life and Sciences College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - HaiMin He
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - FangSen Xue
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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Harrison XA, York JE, Cram DL, Young AJ. Extra-group mating increases inbreeding risk in a cooperatively breeding bird. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5700-15. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X. A. Harrison
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation; University of Exeter; Tremough Campus; Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
| | - J. E. York
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation; University of Exeter; Tremough Campus; Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
| | - D. L. Cram
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation; University of Exeter; Tremough Campus; Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
| | - A. J. Young
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation; University of Exeter; Tremough Campus; Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
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24
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Bringloe TT, Drolet D, Barbeau MA, Forbes MR, Gerwing TG. Spatial variation in population structure and its relation to movement and the potential for dispersal in a model intertidal invertebrate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69091. [PMID: 23874877 PMCID: PMC3709997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal, the movement of an individual away from its natal or breeding ground, has been studied extensively in birds and mammals to understand the costs and benefits of movement behavior. Whether or not invertebrates disperse in response to such attributes as habitat quality or density of conspecifics remains uncertain, due in part to the difficulties in marking and recapturing invertebrates. In the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada, the intertidal amphipod Corophium volutator swims at night around the new or full moon. Furthermore, this species is regionally widespread across a large spatial scale with site-to-site variation in population structure. Such variation provides a backdrop against which biological determinants of dispersal can be investigated. We conducted a large-scale study at nine mudflats, and used swimmer density, sampled using stationary plankton nets, as a proxy for dispersing individuals. We also sampled mud residents using sediment cores over 3 sampling rounds (20-28 June, 10-17 July, 2-11 August 2010). Density of swimmers was most variable at the largest spatial scales, indicating important population-level variation. The smallest juveniles and large juveniles or small adults (particularly females) were consistently overrepresented as swimmers. Small juveniles swam at most times and locations, whereas swimming of young females decreased with increasing mud presence of young males, and swimming of large juveniles decreased with increasing mud presence of adults. Swimming in most stages increased with density of mud residents; however, proportionally less swimming occurred as total mud resident density increased. We suggest small juveniles move in search of C. volutator aggregations which possibly act as a proxy for better habitat. We also suggest large juveniles and small adults move if potential mates are limiting. Future studies can use sampling designs over large spatial scales with varying population structure to help understand the behavioral ecology of movement, and dispersal in invertebrate taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor T Bringloe
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.
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25
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Tuni C, Beveridge M, Simmons LW. Female crickets assess relatedness during mate guarding and bias storage of sperm towards unrelated males. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1261-8. [PMID: 23745826 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that females exert a post-copulatory fertilization bias in favour of unrelated males to avoid the genetic incompatibilities derived from inbreeding. One of the mechanisms suggested for fertilization biases in insects is female control over transport of sperm to the sperm-storage organs. We investigated post-copulatory inbreeding-avoidance mechanisms in females of the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. We assessed the relative contribution of related and unrelated males to the sperm stores of double-mated females. To demonstrate unequivocally that biased sperm storage results from female control rather than cryptic male choice, we manipulated the relatedness of mated males and of males performing post-copulatory mate guarding. Our results show that when guarded by a related male, females store less sperm from their actual mate, irrespective of the relatedness of the mating male. Our data support the notion that inhibition of sperm storage by female crickets can act as a form of cryptic female choice to avoid the severe negative effects of inbreeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tuni
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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26
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Liu XH, Yue LF, Wang DW, Li N, Cong L. Inbreeding avoidance drives consistent variation of fine-scale genetic structure caused by dispersal in the seasonal mating system of Brandt's voles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58101. [PMID: 23516435 PMCID: PMC3597616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding depression is a major evolutionary and ecological force influencing population dynamics and the evolution of inbreeding-avoidance traits such as mating systems and dispersal. Mating systems and dispersal are fundamental determinants of population genetic structure. Resolving the relationships among genetic structure, seasonal breeding-related mating systems and dispersal will facilitate our understanding of the evolution of inbreeding avoidance. The goals of this study were as follows: (i) to determine whether females actively avoided mating with relatives in a group-living rodent species, Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii), by combined analysis of their mating system, dispersal and genetic structure; and (ii) to analyze the relationships among the variation in fine-genetic structure, inbreeding avoidance, season-dependent mating strategies and individual dispersal. Using both individual- and population-level analyses, we found that the majority of Brandt’s vole groups consisted of close relatives. However, both group-specific FISs, an inbreeding coefficient that expresses the expected percentage rate of homozygosity arising from a given breeding system, and relatedness of mates showed no sign of inbreeding. Using group pedigrees and paternity analysis, we show that the mating system of Brandt’s voles consists of a type of polygyny for males and extra-group polyandry for females, which may decrease inbreeding by increasing the frequency of mating among distantly-related individuals. The consistent variation in within-group relatedness, among-group relatedness and fine-scale genetic structures was mostly due to dispersal, which primarily occurred during the breeding season. Biologically relevant variation in the fine-scale genetic structure suggests that dispersal during the mating season may be a strategy to avoid inbreeding and drive the polygynous and extra-group polyandrous mating system of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hui Liu
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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27
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Talbot B, Garant D, Rioux Paquette S, Mainguy J, Pelletier F. Lack of genetic structure and female-specific effect of dispersal barriers in a rabies vector, the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). PLoS One 2012; 7:e49736. [PMID: 23166760 PMCID: PMC3498222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the permeability of potential barriers to movement, dispersal and gene exchanges can help describe spreading patterns of wildlife diseases. Here, we used landscape genetics methods to assess the genetic structure of the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), which is a frequent vector of rabies, a lethal zoonosis of great concern for public health. Our main objective was to identify landscape elements shaping the genetic structure of this species in Southern Québec, Canada, in an area where the raccoon rabies variant has been detected. We hypothesised that geographic distance and landscape barriers, such as highways and major rivers, would modulate genetic structure. We genotyped a total of 289 individuals sampled across a large area (22,000 km2) at nice microsatellite loci. Genetic structure analyses identified a single genetic cluster in the study area. Major rivers and highways, however, influenced the genetic relatedness among sampled individuals. Sex-specific analyses revealed that rivers significantly limited dispersal only for females while highways only had marginal effects. Rivers and highways did not significantly affect male dispersal. These results support the contention that female skunks are more philopatric than males. Overall, our results suggest that the effects of major rivers and highways on dispersal are sex-specific and rather weak and are thus unlikely to prevent the spread of rabies within and among striped skunk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Talbot
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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