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Ghaffari Zaki A, Yiğit EN, Aydın MŞ, Vatandaslar E, Öztürk G, Eroglu E. Genetically Encoded Biosensors Unveil Neuronal Injury Dynamics via Multichromatic ATP and Calcium Imaging. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1261-1271. [PMID: 38293866 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
When a cell sustains damage, it liberates cytosolic ATP, which can serve as an injury signal, affecting neighboring cells. This study presents a methodological approach that employs in vitro axotomy and in vivo laser ablation to simulate cellular injury. Specially tailored biosensors are employed to monitor ATP dynamics and calcium transients in injured cells and their surroundings. To simultaneously visualize extracellular and cytosolic ATP, we developed bicistronic constructs featuring GRABATP1.0 and MaLionR biosensors alongside the calcium sensor RCaMP, enabling multiparametric imaging. In addition to transducing primary neuron cultures, we developed another method where we cocultured dorsal root ganglion neurons together with specialized "sniffer" cell lines expressing the bicistronic biosensors. Exploiting these approaches, we successfully demonstrated the release of ATP from the injured neurons and its extracellular diffusion in response to cellular injury in vitro and in vivo. Axotomy triggered intracellular calcium mobilization not only in the injured neuron but also in the intact neighboring cells, providing new insights into ATP's role as an injury signal. The tools developed in this study have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in unraveling the intricacies of ATP-mediated injury signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Ghaffari Zaki
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Esra N Yiğit
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ş Aydın
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Emre Vatandaslar
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Öztürk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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2
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Aydın MŞ, Bay S, Yiğit EN, Özgül C, Oğuz EK, Konuk EY, Ayşit N, Cengiz N, Erdoğan E, Him A, Koçak M, Eroglu E, Öztürk G. Active shrinkage protects neurons following axonal transection. iScience 2023; 26:107715. [PMID: 37701578 PMCID: PMC10493506 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma, vascular events, or neurodegenerative processes can lead to axonal injury and eventual transection (axotomy). Neurons can survive axotomy, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Excessive water entry into injured neurons poses a particular risk due to swelling and subsequent death. Using in vitro and in vivo neurotrauma model systems based on laser transection and surgical nerve cut, we demonstrated that axotomy triggers actomyosin contraction coupled with calpain activity. As a consequence, neurons shrink acutely to force water out through aquaporin channels preventing swelling and bursting. Inhibiting shrinkage increased the probability of neuronal cell death by about 3-fold. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized cytoprotective response mechanism to neurotrauma and offer a fresh perspective on pathophysiological processes in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Şerif Aydın
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye
| | - Sadık Bay
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye
| | - Esra Nur Yiğit
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye
| | - Cemil Özgül
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye
| | - Elif Kaval Oğuz
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van 65080, Türkiye
| | - Elçin Yenidünya Konuk
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bakırçay University, İzmir 35665, Türkiye
| | - Neşe Ayşit
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye
| | - Nureddin Cengiz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Bandırma, Balıkesir 10200, Türkiye
| | - Ender Erdoğan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya 42130, Türkiye
| | - Aydın Him
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Koçak
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Analysis Unit, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye
| | - Gürkan Öztürk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye
- Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye
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3
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Dehkordi MH, Munn RGK, Fearnhead HO. Non-Canonical Roles of Apoptotic Caspases in the Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:840023. [PMID: 35281082 PMCID: PMC8904960 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.840023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that predominantly cleave their substrates after aspartic acid residues. Much of what we know of caspases emerged from investigation a highly conserved form of programmed cell death called apoptosis. This form of cell death is regulated by several caspases, including caspase-2, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8 and caspase-9. However, these “killer” apoptotic caspases have emerged as versatile enzymes that play key roles in a wide range of non-apoptotic processes. Much of what we understand about these non-apoptotic roles is built on work investigating how “killer” caspases control a range of neuronal cell behaviors. This review will attempt to provide an up to date synopsis of these roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid H. Dehkordi
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Howard O. Fearnhead
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Howard O. Fearnhead,
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Wang X, Liu Y, Zhang H, Jin J, Ma Y, Leng Y. Sinomenine alleviates dorsal root ganglia inflammation to inhibit neuropathic pain via the p38 MAPK/CREB signalling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 897:173945. [PMID: 33596416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of sinomenine on neuropathic pain on dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The DRG cell line and spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model were used in this study. The effect of sinomenine on the cell viability was examined by MTT assay. The expression of p38 MAPK, NF-κB, c-fos, SP and TNF-α was detected by using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assay. We also assessed the level of p-CaMKII, COX-2, p-CREB, IL-17A, TLR4 and IL-1β via western blotting and RT-qPCR. Compared to the controls, sinomenine showed a protective effect on TNF-α-induced apoptosis on DRG cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an increase of cell viability and a decrease of reactive oxygen species level as well as LDH release. Parallelly, sinomenine treatment significantly reduced the expression of various factors related to stress and inflammation, including p38 MAPK, NF-κB, c-fos, p-CAMKII, COX-2, p-CREB, TLR4 and IL-17A in DRG cells in vitro. Furthermore, we found that administration of sinomenine significantly reduced mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency and inhibited the inflammation and activation of p38 signaling in SNL rats. It is noting that combined therapy of sinomenine and pulsed radiofrequency exhibited higher efficacy of dorsal root ganglia inflammation than single treatment as well as the combination of oxycodone and pulsed radiofrequency. Sinomenine inhibited the apoptosis of DRG cell by regulating p38 MAPK/CREB signalling pathway, which provides evidence to alleviate neuropathic pain in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yatao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianping Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuqing Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yufang Leng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Shahsavani N, Kataria H, Karimi-Abdolrezaee S. Mechanisms and repair strategies for white matter degeneration in CNS injury and diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166117. [PMID: 33667627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
White matter degeneration is an important pathophysiological event of the central nervous system that is collectively characterized by demyelination, oligodendrocyte loss, axonal degeneration and parenchymal changes that can result in sensory, motor, autonomic and cognitive impairments. White matter degeneration can occur due to a variety of causes including trauma, neurotoxic exposure, insufficient blood flow, neuroinflammation, and developmental and inherited neuropathies. Regardless of the etiology, the degeneration processes share similar pathologic features. In recent years, a plethora of cellular and molecular mechanisms have been identified for axon and oligodendrocyte degeneration including oxidative damage, calcium overload, neuroinflammatory events, activation of proteases, depletion of adenosine triphosphate and energy supply. Extensive efforts have been also made to develop neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches for white matter repair. However, less progress has been achieved in this area mainly due to the complexity and multifactorial nature of the degeneration processes. Here, we will provide a timely review on the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of white matter degeneration and will also discuss recent pharmacological and cellular therapeutic approaches for white matter protection as well as axonal regeneration, oligodendrogenesis and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Shahsavani
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Soheila Karimi-Abdolrezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Spinal Cord Research Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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6
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Kerman BE, Genoud S, Kurt Vatandaslar B, Denli AM, Georges Ghosh S, Xu X, Yeo GW, Aimone JB, Gage FH. Motoneuron expression profiling identifies an association between an axonal splice variant of HDGF-related protein 3 and peripheral myelination. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12233-12246. [PMID: 32647008 PMCID: PMC7443494 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders that disrupt myelin formation during development or in adulthood, such as multiple sclerosis and peripheral neuropathies, lead to severe pathologies, illustrating myelin's crucial role in normal neural functioning. However, although our understanding of glial biology is increasing, the signals that emanate from axons and regulate myelination remain largely unknown. To identify the core components of the myelination process, here we adopted a microarray analysis approach combined with laser-capture microdissection of spinal motoneurons during the myelinogenic phase of development. We identified neuronal genes whose expression was enriched during myelination and further investigated hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein 3 (HRP3 or HDGFRP3). HRP3 was strongly expressed in the white matter fiber tracts of the peripheral (PNS) and central (CNS) nervous systems during myelination and remyelination in a cuprizone-induced demyelination model. The dynamic localization of HPR3 between axons and nuclei during myelination was consistent with its axonal localization during neuritogenesis. To study this phenomenon, we identified two splice variants encoded by the HRP3 gene: the canonical isoform HRP3-I and a newly recognized isoform, HRP3-II. HRP3-I remained solely in the nucleus, whereas HRP3-II displayed distinct axonal localization both before and during myelination. Interestingly, HRP3-II remained in the nuclei of unmyelinated neurons and glial cells, suggesting the existence of a molecular machinery that transfers it to and retains it in the axons of neurons fated for myelination. Overexpression of HRP3-II, but not of HRP3-I, increased Schwann cell numbers and myelination in PNS neuron-glia co-cultures. However, HRP3-II overexpression in CNS co-cultures did not alter myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ersen Kerman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul Medipol University International School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, Institute of Health Science, Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stéphane Genoud
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA; Vifor Pharma, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
| | - Burcu Kurt Vatandaslar
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, Institute of Health Science, Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Institute of Health Science, Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Murat Denli
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shereen Georges Ghosh
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James Bradley Aimone
- Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA.
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7
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Üstün R, Ayhan P. Regenerative activity of Hericium erinaceus on axonal injury model using in vitro laser microdissection technique. Neurol Res 2018; 41:265-274. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1556494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Üstün
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Peray Ayhan
- Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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8
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Üstün R, Oğuz EK, Şeker A, Korkaya H. Thymoquinone prevents cisplatin neurotoxicity in primary DRG neurons. Neurotoxicology 2018; 69:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Üstün R, Oğuz EK, Şeker A, Korkaya H. Thymoquinone protects DRG neurons from axotomy-induced cell death. Neurol Res 2018; 40:930-937. [PMID: 30088803 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1504157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a significant health problem that is linked to sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits. This pathological condition leads to a reduced quality of life in most affected individuals. Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the repair of PNI. Effective agents that promote SC activation may facilitate and accelerate peripheral nerve repair. Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive component of Nigella sativa seeds, has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties. In the present study, the neuroprotective efficacy of TQ was investigated by using a laser microdissection technique in a mouse PNI model. METHODS Single cells were isolated from dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) of 6-8-week-old mice, maintained in defined culture conditions and treated with or without TQ at different concentrations. Axons were cut (axotomy) using a controllable laser microbeam to model axonal injury in vitro. Under fluorescence microscopy, cell viability was evaluated using the fluorescent dyes. The behavior of the cells was continuously monitored with time-lapse video microscopy. RESULTS TQ significantly increased neuronal survival by promoting the survival and proliferation of SCs and fibroblasts, as well as the migration of SCs. Furthermore, TQ improved the ability to extend neurites of axotomized neurons. The regenerative effect of TQ was dose-dependent suggesting a target specificity. Our studies warrant further preclinical and clinical investigations of TQ as a potential regenerative agent to treat peripheral nerve injuries. CONCLUSION TQ exhibits a regenerative potential for the treatment of damaged peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Üstün
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Van Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey.,b Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine , Van Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Elif Kaval Oğuz
- b Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine , Van Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Ayşe Şeker
- a Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Van Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center , Augusta University , Augusta , GA , USA
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Orssatto LBDR, Wiest MJ, Diefenthaeler F. Neural and musculotendinous mechanisms underpinning age-related force reductions. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 175:17-23. [PMID: 29997056 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ageing leads to substantial force production capacity reductions, which is an indicator of frailty and disability, and a mortality predictor in elders. Understanding the age-dependent neuromuscular mechanisms underlying force reductions can optimize healthcare professionals' exercise protocol choices for patients and allows researchers to investigate new interventions to mitigate these reductions. Our primary goal was to provide an updated review about the main neural and musculotendinous mechanisms underpinning age-related reductions in force capacity. Our secondary goal was to summarize how aerobic and strength training can lessen these age-related reductions. This review suggests that several steps in the force production pathway, from cortical to muscular mechanisms, are negatively affected by ageing. However, combining aerobic and strength training can attenuate these effects. Strength training (i.e. moderate to high- intensity, progressive volume, accentuated eccentric loading and fast concentric contraction velocity) can increase overall force production capacity by producing beneficial neural and musculotendinous adaptations. Additionally, aerobic training (i.e. moderate and high intensities) plays an essential role in preserving the structure and function of the neuromuscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bet da Rosa Orssatto
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Matheus Joner Wiest
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - UHN. Neural Engineering & Therapeutic Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Diefenthaeler
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Katow H, Kanaya T, Ogawa T, Egawa R, Yawo H. Regulation of axon arborization pattern in the developing chick ciliary ganglion: Possible involvement of caspase 3. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:115-128. [PMID: 28430358 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During a certain critical period in the development of the central and peripheral nervous systems, axonal branches and synapses are massively reorganized to form mature connections. In this process, neurons search their appropriate targets, expanding and/or retracting their axons. Recent work suggested that the caspase superfamily regulates the axon morphology. Here, we tested the hypothesis that caspase 3, which is one of the major executioners in apoptotic cell death, is involved in regulating the axon arborization. The embryonic chicken ciliary ganglion was used as a model system of synapse reorganization. A dominant negative mutant of caspase-3 precursor (C3DN) was made and overexpressed in presynaptic neurons in the midbrain to interfere with the intrinsic caspase-3 activity using an in ovo electroporation method. The axon arborization pattern was 3-dimensionally and quantitatively analyzed in the ciliary ganglion. The overexpression of C3DN significantly reduced the number of branching points, the branch order and the complexity index, whereas it significantly elongated the terminal branches at E6. It also increased the internodal distance significantly at E8. But, these effects were negligible at E10 or later. During E6-8, there appeared to be a dynamic balance in the axon arborization pattern between the "targeting" mode, which is accompanied by elongation of terminal branches and the pruning of collateral branches, and the "pathfinding" mode, which is accompanied by the retraction of terminal branches and the sprouting of new collateral branches. The local and transient activation of caspase 3 could direct the balance towards the pathfinding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Katow
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teppei Kanaya
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Ogawa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Egawa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yawo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan.,Center for Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Wrobel MR, Sundararaghavan HG. Positive and negative cues for modulating neurite dynamics and receptor expression. Biomed Mater 2017; 12:025016. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa61d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Sun SW, Nishioka C, Chung CF, Park J, Liang HF. Anterograde-propagation of axonal degeneration in the visual system of wlds mice characterized by diffusion tensor imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:482-491. [PMID: 27373882 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to characterize the temporospatial profile of axonal degeneration and its relation to blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Longitudinal DTI was performed in Wallerian degeneration slow (WldS) mice following retinal ischemia. In parallel, gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced T1 -weighted imaging (Gd-T1 WI) was performed to evaluate BBB permeability in white matter during axonal degeneration. To confirm the in vivo findings, immunohistochemistry using SMI-31 and myelin basic protein (MBP) was performed to examine the axons and myelin, respectively, and Evans blue was used to evaluate the permeability of the BBB. RESULTS Reduced axial diffusivity was found in the optic nerve (ON, -15%, P = 0.0063) 1 week and optic tact (OT, -18%, P = 0.0077) 2 weeks after retinal ischemia, which were respectively associated with an 11% (P = 0.0116) and 25% (P = 0.0001) axonal loss. Increased radial diffusivity was found 1-2 weeks after the colocated decrease of axial diffusivity (35% increase, P = 0.0388 in the ON at week 2 and an 80% increase, P = 0.0015 in the OT at week 4). No significant changes were observed using Gd-T1 WI (P = 0.13-0.75), although an approximately 1-fold increase in Evans blue staining intensity was found in the injured ON and OT starting 1 week after retinal ischemia. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the utility of DTI to characterize anterograde-propagating axonal degeneration through the ON and OT following retinal damage. Evans blue staining revealed serum albumin accumulation at injured sites, although there was no BBB leakage detectable using Gd-T1 WI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:482-491.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Sun
- Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, California, USA.,Radiation Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, California, USA.,Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, California, USA.,Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | - Chen-Fang Chung
- Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, California, USA
| | - JoAnn Park
- Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, California, USA
| | - Hsiao-Fang Liang
- Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, California, USA
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14
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Unsain N, Barker PA. New Views on the Misconstrued: Executioner Caspases and Their Diverse Non-apoptotic Roles. Neuron 2016; 88:461-74. [PMID: 26539888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Initially characterized for their roles in apoptosis, executioner caspases have emerged as important regulators of an array of cellular activities. This is especially true in the nervous system, where sublethal caspase activity has been implicated in axonal pathfinding and branching, axonal degeneration, dendrite pruning, regeneration, long-term depression, and metaplasticity. Here we examine the roles of sublethal executioner caspase activity in nervous system development and maintenance, consider the mechanisms that locally activate and restrain these potential killers, and discuss how their activity be subverted in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Unsain
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Médica Córdoba-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, Córdoba (5016), Argentina
| | - Philip A Barker
- Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
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15
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LeBlanc AC. Caspase-6 as a novel early target in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:2005-18. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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