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Smail SW, Abdulqadir SZ, Alalem LSS, Rasheed TK, Khudhur ZO, Mzury AFA, Awla HK, Ghayour MB, Abdolmaleki A. Enhancing sciatic nerve regeneration with osteopontin-loaded acellular nerve allografts in rats: Effects on macrophage polarization. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102379. [PMID: 38678741 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional matrix glycoprotein with neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties. This study explored the potential of OPN-loaded acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) to repair sciatic nerves in male Wistar rats. The research also delved into the impact of OPN on macrophage phenotypes. We reconstructed a 10 mm nerve gap with ANAs containing OPN at 2 nM and 4 nM. The sciatic functional index (SFI) and paw withdrawal reflex latency (WRL) showed the significant efficacy of ANA/OPN (2 nM) in enhancement of target organ reinnervation and subsequent sensorimotor recovery compared to other groups. Electrophysiological and histomorphometric analyses further supported the regenerative properties of ANA/OPN (2 nM). Additionally, ANA/OPN (2 nM) promoted macrophage polarization towards an M2 phenotype and reduced proinflammatory cytokines at the injury site. In conclusion, the study suggested that ANA loaded with 2 nM OPN effectively repaired transected sciatic nerves in rats, potentially through enhancing axonal sprouting and exerting anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukur Wasman Smail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq; Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | | | | | - Taban Kamal Rasheed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq
| | | | | | - Harem Khdir Awla
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad B Ghayour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran.
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2
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Sun C, Rahman MSU, Enkhjargal B, Peng J, Zhou K, Xie Z, Wu L, Zhang T, Zhu Q, Tang J, Zeng Y, Zhang JH, Xu S. Osteopontin modulates microglial activation states and attenuates inflammatory responses after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114585. [PMID: 37884185 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Osteopontin (OPN) has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in various stroke models. Its role in neuroinflammation after brain injury remains to be elucidated. This study aims to clarify the effect of OPN on neuroinflammation, particularly on the functional states of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS 77 rats were randomly divided into the following groups: Sham, SAH 24 h, SAH + rOPN, SAH + Vehicle (PBS), SAH + OPN siRNA, and SAH + Scr siRNA, SAH + rOPN+Fib-14 and SAH + rOPN+DMSO. Modified Garcia and beam balance tests were used to evaluate neurobehavioral outcomes. Semi-quantitative immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and microglia activation state markers CD16, CD206 after SAH and recombinant OPN treatment. The quantification of microglia activation and functional markers CD16, CD206, TNF-α and IL-10 were further evaluated using Western-blotting. RESULTS Nasal administration of rOPN improved neurological dysfunction, attenuated neutrophil infiltration, and decreased expression of phenotypic and functional markers of pro-inflammatory microglia CD16 and TNF-α. It also promoted an anti-inflammatory microglial state, as evidenced by increased expression of CD206 and IL-10. Furthermore, after blocking the phosphorylation of FAK signaling, the effects of rOPN on microglial activation states were partially reversed. The downstream pathways of STAT3 and NF-κB also exhibited consistent changes, suggesting the involvement of the STAT3 and NF-κB pathways in OPN's modulation of microglial activation via integrin-FAK signaling. CONCLUSION OPN attenuates inflammatory responses after SAH by promoting an anti-inflammatory microglial state, potentially mediated through the integrin-FAK-STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Budbazar Enkhjargal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Keren Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Zhiyi Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Qiquan Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Yujia Zeng
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Silver SV, Popovics P. The Multifaceted Role of Osteopontin in Prostate Pathologies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2895. [PMID: 38001899 PMCID: PMC10669591 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate gland, located beneath the bladder and surrounding the proximal urethra in men, plays a vital role in reproductive physiology and sexual health. Despite its importance, the prostate is vulnerable to various pathologies, including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Osteopontin (OPN), a versatile protein involved in wound healing, inflammatory responses, and fibrotic diseases, has been implicated in all three prostate conditions. The role of OPN in prostatic pathophysiology, affecting both benign and malignant prostate conditions, is significant. Current evidence strongly suggests that OPN is expressed at a higher level in prostate cancer and promotes tumor progression and aggressiveness. Conversely, OPN is primarily secreted by macrophages and foam cells in benign prostate conditions and provokes inflammation and fibrosis. This review discusses the accumulating evidence on the role of OPN in prostatic diseases, cellular sources, and potential roles while also highlighting areas for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara V. Silver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Petra Popovics
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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Sørensen ES, Christensen B. Milk Osteopontin and Human Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112423. [PMID: 37299387 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein found in all vertebrates. OPN is expressed in many different cell types, and is consequently found in most tissues and physiological secretions. OPN is involved in a multitude of biological processes, such as activation and regulation of the immune system; biomineralization; tissue-transformative processes, including growth and development of the gut and brain; interaction with bacteria; and many more. OPN is found in the highest concentrations in milk, where it is believed to initiate and regulate developmental, immunological and physiological processes in infants who consume milk. Processes for the isolation of bovine OPN for use in infant formula have been developed, and in recent years, many studies have investigated the effects of the intake of milk OPN. The purpose of this article is to review and compare existing knowledge about the structure and function of milk OPN, with a particular focus on the effects of milk OPN on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben S Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Christensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Osteopontin: A Bone-Derived Protein Involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Immunopathology. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030502. [PMID: 36979437 PMCID: PMC10046882 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a bone-derived phosphoglycoprotein related to physiological and pathological mechanisms that nowadays has gained relevance due to its role in the immune system response to chronic degenerative diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). OPN is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that plays a critical role in bone remodeling. Therefore, it is an effector molecule that promotes joint and cartilage destruction observed in clinical studies, in vitro assays, and animal models of RA and OA. Since OPN undergoes multiple modifications, including posttranslational changes, proteolytic cleavage, and binding to a wide range of receptors, the mechanisms by which it produces its effects, in some cases, remain unclear. Although there is strong evidence that OPN contributes significantly to the immunopathology of RA and OA when considering it as a common denominator molecule, some experimental trial results argue for its protective role in rheumatic diseases. Elucidating in detail OPN involvement in bone and cartilage degeneration is of interest to the field of rheumatology. This review aims to provide evidence of the OPN’s multifaceted role in promoting joint and cartilage destruction and propose it as a common denominator of AR and OA immunopathology.
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Hildyard JC, Riddell DO, Harron RC, Rawson F, Foster EM, Massey C, Taylor-Brown F, Wells DJ, Piercy RJ. The skeletal muscle phenotype of the DE50-MD dog model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:238. [PMID: 36865375 PMCID: PMC9971692 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18251.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are essential to study disease progression and assess efficacy of therapeutic intervention, however dystrophic mice fail to display a clinically relevant phenotype, limiting translational utility. Dystrophin-deficient dogs exhibit disease similar to humans, making them increasingly important for late-stage preclinical evaluation of candidate therapeutics. The DE50-MD canine model of DMD carries a mutation within a human 'hotspot' region of the dystrophin gene, amenable to exon-skipping and gene editing strategies. As part of a large natural history study of disease progression, we have characterised the DE50-MD skeletal muscle phenotype to identify parameters that could serve as efficacy biomarkers in future preclinical trials. Methods: Vastus lateralis muscles were biopsied from a large cohort of DE50-MD dogs and healthy male littermates at 3-monthly intervals (3-18 months) for longitudinal analysis, with multiple muscles collected post-mortem to evaluate body-wide changes. Pathology was characterised quantitatively using histology and measurement of gene expression to determine statistical power and sample sizes appropriate for future work. Results: DE50-MD skeletal muscle exhibits widespread degeneration/regeneration, fibrosis, atrophy and inflammation. Degenerative/inflammatory changes peak during the first year of life, while fibrotic remodelling appears more gradual. Pathology is similar in most skeletal muscles, but in the diaphragm, fibrosis is more prominent, associated with fibre splitting and pathological hypertrophy. Picrosirius red and acid phosphatase staining represent useful quantitative histological biomarkers for fibrosis and inflammation respectively, while qPCR can be used to measure regeneration ( MYH3, MYH8), fibrosis ( COL1A1), inflammation ( SPP1), and stability of DE50-MD dp427 transcripts. Conclusion: The DE50-MD dog is a valuable model of DMD, with pathological features similar to young, ambulant human patients. Sample size and power calculations show that our panel of muscle biomarkers are of strong pre-clinical value, able to detect therapeutic improvements of even 25%, using trials with only six animals per group.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C.W. Hildyard
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, London, UK,
| | - Dominique O. Riddell
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, London, UK
| | - Rachel C.M. Harron
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, London, UK
| | - Faye Rawson
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, London, UK,Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - Emma M.A. Foster
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, London, UK
| | - Claire Massey
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, London, UK
| | - Frances Taylor-Brown
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, London, UK,Cave Veterinary Specialists, George's Farm, West Buckland, UK
| | - Dominic J. Wells
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, London, UK
| | - Richard J. Piercy
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, London, UK,
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Mitselos IV, Fousekis FS, Lamouri C, Katsanos KH, Christodoulou DK. Current noninvasive modalities in Crohn's disease monitoring. Ann Gastroenterol 2021; 34:770-780. [PMID: 34815642 PMCID: PMC8596218 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2021.0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is characterized by a remitting and relapsing course. Longstanding active CD may result in accumulating intestinal damage and disease-related complications. In contrast, mucosal healing is associated with significant improvement in the health-related quality of life, longer periods of disease remission and lower risk of disease progression, complications, hospitalizations, intestinal surgeries, as well as a lower risk of developing colorectal cancer. Mucosal healing, the new treatment endpoint in CD, made necessary the development of noninvasive, accurate, objective and reliable tools for the evaluation of CD activity. Ileocolonoscopy with biopsies remains the reference standard method for the evaluation of the colonic and terminal ileal mucosa. However, it is an invasive procedure with a low risk of complications, allowing the investigation of only a small part of the small bowel mucosa without being able to assess transmural inflammation. These disadvantages limit its role in the frequent follow up of CD patients. In this review, we present the currently available biomarkers and imaging modalities for the noninvasive assessment of CD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis V Mitselos
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ioannina (Ioannis V. Mitselos)
| | - Fotios S Fousekis
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina (Fotios S. Fousekis, Charikleia Lamouri, Konstantinos H. Katsanos, Dimitrios K. Christodoulou), Greece
| | - Charikleia Lamouri
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina (Fotios S. Fousekis, Charikleia Lamouri, Konstantinos H. Katsanos, Dimitrios K. Christodoulou), Greece
| | - Konstantinos H Katsanos
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina (Fotios S. Fousekis, Charikleia Lamouri, Konstantinos H. Katsanos, Dimitrios K. Christodoulou), Greece
| | - Dimitrios K Christodoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina (Fotios S. Fousekis, Charikleia Lamouri, Konstantinos H. Katsanos, Dimitrios K. Christodoulou), Greece
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8
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Kant TA, Newe M, Winter L, Hoffmann M, Kämmerer S, Klapproth E, Künzel K, Kühnel MP, Neubert L, El-Armouche A, Künzel SR. Genetic Deletion of Polo-Like Kinase 2 Induces a Pro-Fibrotic Pulmonary Phenotype. Cells 2021; 10:617. [PMID: 33799608 PMCID: PMC8001503 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is the chronic-progressive replacement of healthy lung tissue by extracellular matrix, leading to the destruction of the alveolar architecture and ultimately death. Due to limited pathophysiological knowledge, causal therapies are still missing and consequently the prognosis is poor. Thus, there is an urgent clinical need for models to derive effective therapies. Polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2) is an emerging regulator of fibroblast function and fibrosis. We found a significant downregulation of PLK2 in four different entities of human pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, we characterized the pulmonary phenotype of PLK2 knockout (KO) mice. Isolated pulmonary PLK2 KO fibroblasts displayed a pronounced myofibroblast phenotype reflected by increased expression of αSMA, reduced proliferation rates and enhanced ERK1/2 and SMAD2/3 phosphorylation. In PLK2 KO, the expression of the fibrotic cytokines osteopontin and IL18 was elevated compared to controls. Histological analysis of PLK2 KO lungs revealed early stage remodeling in terms of alveolar wall thickening, increased alveolar collagen deposition and myofibroblast foci. Our results prompt further investigation of PLK2 function in pulmonary fibrosis and suggest that the PLK2 KO model displays a genetic predisposition towards pulmonary fibrosis, which could be leveraged in future research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa A. Kant
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Manja Newe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Luise Winter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Maximilian Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Susanne Kämmerer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Erik Klapproth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Karolina Künzel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Mark P. Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.P.K.); (L.N.)
| | - Lavinia Neubert
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.P.K.); (L.N.)
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Stephan R. Künzel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.A.K.); (M.N.); (L.W.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (K.K.)
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Maniatis K, Siasos G, Oikonomou E, Vavuranakis M, Zaromytidou M, Mourouzis K, Paraskevopoulos T, Charalambous G, Papavassiliou AG, Tousoulis D. Osteoprotegerin and Osteopontin Serum Levels are Associated with Vascular Function and Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:523-530. [PMID: 31642412 DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666191022095246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoprotegerin and osteopontin have recently emerged as key factors in both vascular remodelling and atherosclerosis progression. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine with a key role in atherosclerosis. The relationship of osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, and IL-6 serum levels with endothelial function and arterial stiffness was evaluated in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We enrolled 219 patients with stable CAD and 112 control subjects. Osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and IL-6 serum levels were measured using an ELISA assay. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness. RESULTS There was no significant difference between control subjects and CAD patients according to age and sex. Compared with control subjects, CAD patients had significantly impaired FMD (p<0.001) and increased PWV (p=0.009). CAD patients also had significantly higher levels of osteoprotegerin (p<0.001), osteopontin (p<0.001) and IL-6 (p=0.03), compared with control subjects. Moreover, IL-6 levels were correlated with osteoprotegerin (r=0.17, p=0.01) and osteopontin (r=0.30, p<0.001) levels. FMD was correlated with osteoprotegerin levels independent of possible confounders [b coefficient= - 0.79, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.05), p=0.04]. CONCLUSION CAD patients have increased osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and IL-6 levels. Moreover, there is a consistent association between osteoprotegerin and osteopontin serum levels, vascular function and inflammation in CAD patients. These findings suggest another possible mechanism linking osteoprotegerin and osteopontin serum levels with CAD progression through arterial wall stiffening and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Maniatis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Zaromytidou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mourouzis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Thodoros Paraskevopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambous
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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10
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Zou C, Pei S, Yan W, Lu Q, Zhong X, Chen Q, Pan S, Wang Z, Wang H, Zheng D. Cerebrospinal Fluid Osteopontin and Inflammation-Associated Cytokines in Patients With Anti- N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:519692. [PMID: 33250837 PMCID: PMC7676223 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.519692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune neurological disorder. Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted multifunctional phosphorylated glycoprotein that regulates various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but its diagnostic and prognostic values in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients remain elusive. This retrospective study aimed to determine the levels of OPN and related cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients and to assess their influence on disease severity so as to evaluate their efficacy as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. CSF samples from 33 anti-NMDAR encephalitis, 13 viral encephalitis, and 21 controls were collected. All CSF were tested for levels of OPN and inflammation-associated cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] via ELISA. In addition, 15 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients without follow-up relapse were re-examined for these four parameters 3 months later. The clinical status was evaluated by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Results showed that the CSF levels of these cytokines were increased in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients compared to controls but not viral encephalitis patients. Their levels were decreased in remission compared with that in acute stage. Moreover, CSF OPN positively correlated with IL-6, white blood cell (WBC) counts, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. However, no associations were found between OPN or related cytokines and mRS scores in acute stage in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. Overall, CSF OPN and related cytokines were increased when anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients are in acute stage and decreased in remission, suggesting the underlying neuro-inflammatory process in this disease. However, they are not qualified with diagnostic or prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Pei
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Kashgar Prefecture, Kashgar, China
| | - Qingbo Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Kashgar Prefecture, Kashgar, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suyue Pan
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanhang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Shatunova EA, Korolev MA, Omelchenko VO, Kurochkina YD, Davydova AS, Venyaminova AG, Vorobyeva MA. Aptamers for Proteins Associated with Rheumatic Diseases: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110527. [PMID: 33266394 PMCID: PMC7700471 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers capable of affine and specific binding to their molecular targets have now established themselves as a very promising alternative to monoclonal antibodies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Although the main focus in aptamers’ research and development for biomedicine is made on cardiovascular, infectious, and malignant diseases, the use of aptamers as therapeutic or diagnostic tools in the context of rheumatic diseases is no less important. In this review, we consider the main features of aptamers that make them valuable molecular tools for rheumatologists, and summarize the studies on the selection and application of aptamers for protein biomarkers associated with rheumatic diseases. We discuss the progress in the development of aptamer-based diagnostic assays and targeted therapeutics for rheumatic disorders, future prospects in the field, and issues that have yet to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A. Shatunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.S.D.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Maksim A. Korolev
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.A.K.); (V.O.O.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Vitaly O. Omelchenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.A.K.); (V.O.O.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Yuliya D. Kurochkina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.A.K.); (V.O.O.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Anna S. Davydova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.S.D.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Alya G. Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.S.D.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Mariya A. Vorobyeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (A.S.D.); (A.G.V.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Iline-Vul T, Nanda R, Mateos B, Hazan S, Matlahov I, Perelshtein I, Keinan-Adamsky K, Althoff-Ospelt G, Konrat R, Goobes G. Osteopontin regulates biomimetic calcium phosphate crystallization from disordered mineral layers covering apatite crystallites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15722. [PMID: 32973201 PMCID: PMC7518277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Details of apatite formation and development in bone below the nanometer scale remain enigmatic. Regulation of mineralization was shown to be governed by the activity of non-collagenous proteins with many bone diseases stemming from improper activity of these proteins. Apatite crystal growth inhibition or enhancement is thought to involve direct interaction of these proteins with exposed faces of apatite crystals. However, experimental evidence of the molecular binding events that occur and that allow these proteins to exert their functions are lacking. Moreover, recent high-resolution measurements of apatite crystallites in bone have shown that individual crystallites are covered by a persistent layer of amorphous calcium phosphate. It is therefore unclear whether non-collagenous proteins can interact with the faces of the mineral crystallites directly and what are the consequences of the presence of a disordered mineral layer to their functionality. In this work, the regulatory effect of recombinant osteopontin on biomimetic apatite is shown to produce platelet-shaped apatite crystallites with disordered layers coating them. The protein is also shown to regulate the content and properties of the disordered mineral phase (and sublayers within it). Through solid-state NMR atomic carbon-phosphorous distance measurements, the protein is shown to be located in the disordered phases, reaching out to interact with the surfaces of the crystals only through very few sidechains. These observations suggest that non-phosphorylated osteopontin acts as regulator of the coating mineral layers and exerts its effect on apatite crystal growth processes mostly from afar with a limited number of contact points with the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taly Iline-Vul
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Raju Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Borja Mateos
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Computational and Structural Biology, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shani Hazan
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Irina Matlahov
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ilana Perelshtein
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | | | - Robert Konrat
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Computational and Structural Biology, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gil Goobes
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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13
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Wang C, He M, Peng J, Li S, Long M, Chen W, Liu D, Yang G, Zhang L. Increased plasma osteopontin levels are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cytokine 2019; 125:154837. [PMID: 31514105 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) commonly occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein with pleiotropic physiological functions. This study aimed to investigate the interrelation between circulating OPN and NAFLD in T2DM patients. Overall, 249 subjects were classified into 4 groups: 53 patients with NAFLD and T2DM; 57 with newly diagnosed T2DM; 59 with NAFLD; and 80 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Serum OPN was measured by ELISA. The OPN distribution in the pooled data was divided into quartiles; significant trends across increasing quartiles were estimated by the Cochran-Armitage trend test. Compared with the controls, circulating OPN concentrations were significantly elevated in NAFLD patients and T2DM patients with or without NAFLD. Serum OPN levels were higher in the overweight/obese group than that in the lean group. Circulating OPN levels were positively correlated with CRP, age, BMI, SBP, DBP, HbA1c, UA, TGs, WBCs, neutrophils, FBG, and HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with ADP, albumin and HDL. Age, albumin, HbA1c, HDL and hsCRP were independently related to circulating OPN. The relative risks for NAFLD, T2DM and T2DM with NAFLD increased significantly along with increasing OPN quartiles based on the Cochran-Armitage trend test. OPN is an optimal predictor in the diagnosis of T2DM with NAFLD and T2DM and may contribute to the aggravation of the metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Shengbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Min Long
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010 Chongqing, China.
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Panezai J, Ghaffar A, Altamash M, Engström PE, Larsson A. Periodontal disease influences osteoclastogenic bone markers in subjects with and without rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197235. [PMID: 29889832 PMCID: PMC5995354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are bone pathologies mediated through immuno-inflammatory mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum markers osteopontin (OPN), tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2) receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) and RANKL/ osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio and compare them in PD and RA groups. Materials & methods RA (with PD = 19 and without PD = 19), PD (n = 38) and 14 healthy subjects underwent bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth (PPD) measurement. PD was defined as PPD measuring ≥5mm registered in ≥3 sites. Marginal bone loss (MBL) for premolars and molars was measured on digital panoramic radiographs. Serum samples were collected from all subjects. OPN, TNFR1, TNFR2 and RANKL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). OPG was measured as part of a multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA). Results OPN, TNFR1, TNFR2 and RANKL serum levels were the highest in the RA group with PD, while the RA group without PD were comparable to PD subjects only. The RANKL/OPG ratios were comparable between PD group and both RA groups with (p = 0.051) and without PD (p = 0.37). Serum RANKL levels were associated with MBL (p = 0.008) and PPD ≥ 5mm (p = 0.01). Conclusion Peripheral osteoclastogenesis is a feature of periodontal disease with systemic levels of osteoclastogenic markers comparable to the effects observed in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeneen Panezai
- Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Karachi, Pakistan
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Huddinge, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mohammad Altamash
- Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Per-Erik Engström
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Byeon H, Lee SD, Hong EK, Lee DE, Kim BH, Seo Y, Joo J, Han SS, Kim SH, Park SJ. Long-term prognostic impact of osteopontin and Dickkopf-related protein 1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:814-820. [PMID: 29753515 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New biomarkers are essential for improving the prediction of the survival and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used biomarker, but the low sensitivity and specificity limit its clinical applications. The diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of osteopontin (OPN), dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), and a combination of these biomarkers are being studied. METHODS From January 2006 to December 2008, patients undergoing hepatectomy for HCC were screened and their serum stored in tumor banks was analyzed. The serum was used to investigate OPN and DKK1 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). In the paraffin block, the status of OPN and DKK1 positivity was assessed using immunohistochemistry(IHC). RESULTS A total of 60 patients were enrolled. The optimal cut-off level for survival was identified as 3.0 ng/mL and 5.2 ng/mL of OPN and DKK1, respectively. In multivariate analysis, a high OPN level was the only significant prognostic factor for overall survival [hazard ratio3.79, p = .017]. Considering a combination of AFP (cut-off level, 200 ng/mL) and OPN/DKK1, the patients with high AFP and OPN/DKK1 levels showed significantly lower overall survivals than those with low AFP, high AFP, and low OPN/DKK1 levels (p = .0091 for the AFP and OPN group, p = .0344 for the AFP and DKK1 group). Comparison between IHC and ELISA results for OPN and DKK1 levels did not reveal any significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS Serum OPN and DKK1 levels of HCC patients could be considered as novel biomarkers showing prognostic significance after hepatectomy based on long-term survival data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Byeon
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Duk Lee
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyung Hong
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Eun Lee
- Biometric Research Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Kim
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsung Seo
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungnam Joo
- Biometric Research Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Han
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Kim
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jae Park
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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16
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Karpinsky G, Fatyga A, Krawczyk MA, Chamera M, Sande N, Szmyd D, Izycka-Swieszewska E, Bien E. Osteopontin: its potential role in cancer of children and young adults. Biomark Med 2017; 11:389-402. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Osteopontin (OPN) is aglyco-phosphoprotein, involved in tissue remodeling, inflammation and boneresorption. In various adult neoplasms OPN was shown to correlate with cancer progression, invasiveness and metastasis. Aim: to define the role of OPN in malignancies of children and young adults. Material and methods: a structured PubMed and Google Scholar literature analysis based on reports published in English between I'1995 and XII'2015. Results: 14 studies (four on hematological malignancies, four on bone tumors, three on CNS tumors, two on dendritic proliferative diseases and one on renal tumors) were identified. Higher levels of serum and cerebro-spinal fluid OPN protein, and high expressions of OPN mRNA and SPP1 gene were present in more aggressive and advanced childhood malignancies. In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with CNS involvement and with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) and medulloblastoma, the serum and CSF OPN levels reflected tumor bulk and response to therapy, while in children with AT/RT and multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis with high-risk organs involvement, high OPN serum levels correlated with poorer survival. To the contrary, in osteosarcoma, high OPN mRNA and SPP1 gene expressions correlated with better survival and good response to chemotherapy. Conclusions: The literature review suggests that OPN may play important roles in the development and progression of selected cancers of children and young adults, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, malignant gliomas, AT/RT and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. However, limited number of published studies prevents from definite concluding on the clinical utility of OPN as a marker of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring in these pediatric cancers. Further studies performed in more numerous groups of patients with particular types of cancers of children and young adults are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Karpinsky
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, 3901 Beaubien Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Aleksandra Fatyga
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology & Oncology, University Clinic Center, 7 Debinki Street, 80–952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Anna Krawczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80–211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Madeleine Chamera
- The English Division Pediatric Oncology Scientific Circle, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80–211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Sande
- The English Division Pediatric Oncology Scientific Circle, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80–211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dagmara Szmyd
- Coronary Care Unit, Cardiology Department, West Cumberland Hospital, Whitehaven, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Izycka-Swieszewska
- Department of Pathology & Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, 80–211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bien
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80–211 Gdansk, Poland
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17
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Clemente N, Raineri D, Cappellano G, Boggio E, Favero F, Soluri MF, Dianzani C, Comi C, Dianzani U, Chiocchetti A. Osteopontin Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Diseases. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:7675437. [PMID: 28097158 PMCID: PMC5206443 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7675437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) regulates the immune response at multiple levels. Physiologically, it regulates the host response to infections by driving T helper (Th) polarization and acting on both innate and adaptive immunity; pathologically, it contributes to the development of immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. In some cases, the mechanisms of these effects have been described, but many aspects of the OPN function remain elusive. This is in part ascribable to the fact that OPN is a complex molecule with several posttranslational modifications and it may act as either an immobilized protein of the extracellular matrix or a soluble cytokine or an intracytoplasmic molecule by binding to a wide variety of molecules including crystals of calcium phosphate, several cell surface receptors, and intracytoplasmic molecules. This review describes the OPN structure, isoforms, and functions and its role in regulating the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Raineri
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Biocenter, Division for Experimental Pathophysiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Favero
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Soluri
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Neurology Unit, “A. Avogadro” UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), “A. Avogadro” University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
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18
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Grün NG, Zeyda K, Moreno-Viedma V, Strohmeier K, Staffler G, Zeyda M, Stulnig TM. A humanized osteopontin mouse model and its application in immunometabolic obesity studies. Transl Res 2016; 178:63-73.e2. [PMID: 27490454 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein involved in several inflammatory processes and pathogeneses including obesity-related disorders and cancer. OPN binds to a variety of integrin receptors and CD44 resulting in a proinflammatory stimulus. Therefore, OPN constitutes a novel interesting target to develop new therapeutic strategies, which counteract OPN's proinflammatory properties. We established a humanized SPP1 (hSPP1) mouse model and evaluated its suitability as a model for obesity and insulin resistance. Unchallenged hSPP1 animals did not significantly differ in body weight and gross behavioral properties compared to wild-type (WT) animals. High-fat diet-challenged hSPP1 similarly developed obesity and inflammation, whereas insulin resistance was markedly changed. However, OPN expression profile in tissues was significantly altered in hSPP1 compared to WT depending on the diet. In conclusion, we developed a versatile humanized model to study the action of OPN in vivo and to develop strategies that target human OPN in a variety of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Grün
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karina Zeyda
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Department Health, Section Biomedical Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronica Moreno-Viedma
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Strohmeier
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Clinical Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas M Stulnig
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
A glycoprotein osteopontin (OPN) is involved in inflammatory diseases, but its roles in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are controversial. To analyze the involvement of the systemic immune response, we simultaneously examined plasma OPN levels and 17 cytokines. This study included 24 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 17 Crohn's disease (CD) patients, and 23 normal controls. Clinical parameters were also examined. The plasma OPN levels of the UC and CD patients were significantly higher than those of the normal controls and correlated significantly with their clinical activity indices. In the UC patients, significant relationships were observed between the levels of plasma OPN and multiple cytokines, including interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-13, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. In the CD patients, the correlation was not significant except for IL-8. Our findings reflect different inflammatory states of the colon and rectum in both diseases.
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Sarosiek K, Jones E, Chipitsyna G, Al-Zoubi M, Kang C, Saxena S, Gandhi AV, Sendiky J, Yeo CJ, Arafat HA. Osteopontin (OPN) isoforms, diabetes, obesity, and cancer; what is one got to do with the other? A new role for OPN. J Gastrointest Surg 2015; 19:639-50. [PMID: 25583441 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-014-2735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of osteopontin (OPN) produces three isoforms: OPNa, OPNb, and OPNc. The aims of this study were to examine the expression profile of OPN isoforms in sera from patients with pancreatic lesions and to determine their correlation with the presence of comorbid systemic inflammatory conditions, such as diabetes and/or obesity. Sera from 90 patients undergoing pancreatic surgery and 29 healthy volunteers were analyzed. Seventeen patients were diabetics, 17 were obese, and 6 had both diabetes and obesity. In patients with pancreatic lesions, OPNb was expressed in 48% of the patients' sera, OPNc in 34%, and both in 5%. The presence of diabetes and/or obesity was associated with complete disappearance of OPNb and expression of only OPNc. OPNc presence was significantly associated with diabetes and obesity (OR = 7.06 [95% CI 1.97-23.3]; p = 0.003). No OPNb or OPNc was detected in the normal sera. Overexpression of OPNb and OPNc isoforms in PDA cells significantly (p < 0.05) increased their activity in soft-agar colony formation and wound healing assays, induced the transcription of interleukin (IL)-6, and reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-10. Our data show for the first time the significant association between serum OPNc and diabetes and/or obesity. Unraveling the functional role of OPN isoforms in systemic inflammation is essential to understanding their significance as therapeutic targets in diabetes and obesity, and during metastasis development in PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Sarosiek
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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Hirano Y, Aziz M, Yang WL, Wang Z, Zhou M, Ochani M, Khader A, Wang P. Neutralization of osteopontin attenuates neutrophil migration in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Crit Care 2015; 19:53. [PMID: 25887405 PMCID: PMC4345018 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis refers to severe systemic inflammation leading to acute lung injury (ALI) and death. Introducing novel therapies can reduce the mortality in ALI. Osteopontin (OPN), a secretory glycoprotein produced by immune reactive cells, plays a deleterious role in various inflammatory diseases. However, its role in ALI caused by sepsis remains unexplored. We hypothesize that treatment with an OPN-neutralizing antibody (anti-OPN Ab) protects mice against ALI during sepsis. Methods Sepsis was induced in 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Anti-OPN Ab or non-immunized IgG as control, at a dose of 50 μg/mouse, was intravenously injected at the time of CLP. After 20 hours, the expression of OPN and proinflammatory cytokines in tissues and plasma was examined by real-time PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were determined by colorimetric assays. Lung damage and neutrophil infiltrations were determined by histological H&E and Gr-1 staining, respectively. The effect of recombinant mouse OPN (rmOPN) on human neutrophil-like cell (HL-60) migration was performed by Boyden chamber assays and the involvement of intracellular signaling molecules in HL-60 cells was revealed by Western blot. Results After 20 hours of sepsis, mRNA and protein levels of OPN were significantly induced in lungs, spleen, and plasma. Treatment with an anti-OPN Ab in septic mice significantly reduced the plasma levels of ALT, AST, and LDH, and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and the chemokine MIP-2, compared with the vehicle group. Similarly, the lung mRNA and protein expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine were greatly reduced in anti-OPN Ab-treated animals. The lung histological architecture, MPO and neutrophil infiltration were significantly improved in anti-OPN Ab-treated mice compared with the vehicle animals. Treatment of rmOPN in HL-60 cells significantly increased their migration, in vitro. The neutrophils treated with rmOPN remarkably increased the levels of phospho focal adhesion kinase (pFAK), phospho extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) and phospho p38. Conclusions Our findings clearly demonstrate the beneficial outcomes of anti-OPN Ab treatment in protecting against ALI, implicating a novel therapeutic strategy in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hirano
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine and Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. .,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University, Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine and Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine and Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine and Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Mian Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine and Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Mahendar Ochani
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine and Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Adam Khader
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine and Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine and Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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Inflammatory cytokines: potential biomarkers of immunologic dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:531518. [PMID: 25729218 PMCID: PMC4333561 DOI: 10.1155/2015/531518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is a disorder of neurobiological origin characterized by problems in communication and social skills and repetitive behavior. After more than six decades of research, the etiology of autism remains unknown, and no biomarkers have been proven to be characteristic of autism. A number of studies have shown that the cytokine levels in the blood, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of autistic subjects differ from that of healthy individuals; for example, a series of studies suggests that interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) are significantly elevated in different tissues in autistic subjects. However, the expression of some cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-2, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), is controversial, and different studies have found various results in different tissues. In this review, we focused on several types of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that might affect different cell signal pathways and play a role in the pathophysiological mechanism of autistic spectrum disorders.
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The osteopontin transgenic mouse is a new model for Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Immunol 2015; 157:30-42. [PMID: 25572532 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (Opn) is a cytokine involved in both physiological and pathological processes, and is elevated in many autoimmune diseases. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease with a strong female predilection characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands. We hypothesized that Opn contributes to SS pathogenesis. We examined an established SS model and found increased Opn locally and systemically. Next, we examined Opn transgenic (Opn Tg) mice for evidence of SS. Opn Tg animals exhibited lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands, and Opn co-localized with the infiltrates. Moreover, saliva production was reduced, and SS autoantibodies were observed in the serum of these mice. Finally, female Opn Tg mice showed more severe disease compared to males. Taken together, these data support a role for Opn in SS pathogenesis. We identify a new model of spontaneous SS that recapitulates the human disease in terms of sex predilection, histopathology, salivary deficits, and autoantibodies.
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Xiao HB, Wang CR, Liu ZK, Wang JY. LPS induces pro-inflammatory response in mastitis mice and mammary epithelial cells: Possible involvement of NF-κB signaling and OPN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 63:11-6. [PMID: 25468491 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has pro-inflammatory properties. This study was conducted to determine whether the LPS induced pro-inflammatory response in a model of mastitis and in mouse mammary epithelial cells (MEC). METHODS To investigate the effects of LPS in vivo, 50 μL of a solution of LPS (20 ng/μL) were infused into the mammary glands of mice. To study the effects of LPS in vitro, MEC were exposed to LPS (20 μg/mL) for 24h. Activation of nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were studied. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1 beta]) and expression of osteopontin (OPN) were also evaluated. RESULTS After LPS administration, route of NF-κB signaling is activated and the activity of MPO is increased. Furthermore, LPS increases the expression of OPN and production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta. CONCLUSIONS Present results demonstrate that LPS induces a pro-inflammatory response in a murine model of mastitis and suggest the involvement of the NF-κB pathway and OPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-B Xiao
- College of veterinary medicine, Hunan agricultural university, Changsha 410128, Furong district, China.
| | - C-R Wang
- College of veterinary medicine, Hunan agricultural university, Changsha 410128, Furong district, China
| | - Z-K Liu
- College of veterinary medicine, Hunan agricultural university, Changsha 410128, Furong district, China
| | - J-Y Wang
- Huai Hua vocational and technical college, department of animal science and technology, Huaihua 418000, China
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Dudemaine P, Fecteau G, Lessard M, Labrecque O, Roy J, Bissonnette N. Increased blood-circulating interferon-γ, interleukin-17, and osteopontin levels in bovine paratuberculosis. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:3382-93. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Quaglia M, Chiocchetti A, Cena T, Musetti C, Monti S, Clemente N, Dianzani U, Magnani C, Stratta P. Osteopontin circulating levels correlate with renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus and are lower in ACE inhibitor-treated patients. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 33:1263-71. [PMID: 24820147 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Elevated serum levels of osteopontin have been associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, and autoimmune disease activity. Aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between osteopontin serum levels and renal damage in a population of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Osteopontin serum levels were analyzed in 101 SLE patients and compared to those of 115 healthy controls. Associations between osteopontin levels and renal involvement, disease activity and damage index, biochemical parameters, and therapy were assessed. Overall osteopontin serum levels were higher in SLE patients (median, 17.93 ng/mL; interquartile range, 8.13-35.07 ng/mL) than in healthy controls (median, 5.62 ng/mL; interquartile range, 2.61-13.83 ng/mL). Univariate logistic analysis among cases showed that high osteopontin levels (higher vs medium-lower tertile) were associated with renal involvement (p = 0.012), renal function (p = 0.007), proteinuria (p = 0.011), anemia (p < 0.001), and SLICC/ACR Damage Index (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed an independent association between high osteopontin serum levels (higher vs medium-lower tertile) and chronic kidney disease (OR = 4.89; 95 % CI, 1.24-19.24; p = 0.008), proteinuria (OR = 4.56; 95 % CI, 1.15-18.04; p = 0.027), anemia (OR = 4.66; 95 % CI, 1.25-17.43; p = 0.008), and use of renin-angiontensin system antagonists (OR = 0.234; 95 % CI, 0.06-0.98; p = 0.047). This study shows that elevated osteopontin serum levels significantly correlate with renal involvement and anemia in SLE. Moreover, it suggests that renin-angiontensin system antagonists decrease osteopontin levels-this effect is consistent with the inhibitory effect of these drugs on osteopontin renal expression, detected in animal models by other authors, and may provide a new rationale for their employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Quaglia
- Department of Translational Medicine, Nephrology and Renal Transplant Unit, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy,
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Osteopontin: A novel regulator at the cross roads of inflammation, obesity and diabetes. Mol Metab 2014; 3:384-93. [PMID: 24944898 PMCID: PMC4060362 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first description more than 20 years ago osteopontin has emerged as an active player in many physiological and pathological processes, including biomineralization, tissue remodeling and inflammation. As an extracellular matrix protein and proinflammatory cytokine osteopontin is thought to facilitate the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and to mediate cytokine secretion in leukocytes. Modulation of immune cell response by osteopontin has been associated with various inflammatory diseases and may play a pivotal role in the development of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Here we summarize recent findings on the role of osteopontin in metabolic disorders, particularly focusing on diabetes and obesity.
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Osteopontin and Osteoprotegerin as Potential Biomarkers in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm before and after Treatment. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:461239. [PMID: 27379275 PMCID: PMC4897421 DOI: 10.1155/2014/461239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim. Although osteopontin (OPN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) have been associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), no association of these two biomarkers with AAA surgical or endovascular treatment has been reported. Material and Methods. Seventy-four AAA patients were prospectively selected for open or endovascular repair. All aneurysms were classified (Types A–E) according to aneurysmal extent in CT imaging (EUROSTAR criteria). All patients had preoperative serum OPN and OPG values measurements and 1 week after the procedure. Preoperative and postoperative values were compared with a control group of twenty patients (inguinal hernia repair). Results. Preoperative OPN values in patients with any type of aneurysm were higher than in the control group, while OPG values showed no difference. Postoperative OPN values in AAA patients were higher than in the control group. OPN values increased after open surgery and after EVAR. OPG values increased after open surgery but not after EVAR. There was no difference in OPN/OPG values between EVAR and open surgery postoperatively. Conclusions. OPN values are associated with aneurysm presence but not with aneurysm extent. OPG values are not associated either with aneurysm presence or with aneurysm extent. OPN values increase after AAA repair, independently of the type of repair.
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Karamizadeh Z, Kamali Sarvestani E, Saki F, Karamifar H, Amirhakimi GH, Namavar Shooshtarian MH, Ashkani-Esfahani S. Investigation of osteopontin levels and genomic variation of osteopontin and its receptors in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:1090-3. [PMID: 24084141 DOI: 10.3275/9098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure in self-tolerance towards β-cells in diabetes mellitus (DM) pathogenesis involves a series of complex events that are governed by environmental and genetic factors. Considering the importance of osteopontin (OPN) in T-helper-1 (Th1) cells development, the aim of this study was to evaluate the serum level and gene polymorphism of OPN in Iranian Type 1 diabetic (T1DM) children. METHODS In this case-control study, 87 T1DM children and 86 healthy ones were enrolled. Blood samples of both groups were checked for OPN level. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were genotyped by RFLP analysis for OPN rs1126772, its receptor integrin α4 (ITGA4) rs 1449263, and CD44 rs8193. RESULTS Serum levels of OPN in diabetic children were significantly higher in cases compared to the control group (p=0.023), but there was no significant relationship between OPN rs1126772 (p=0.79), its receptor integrin α4 (p=0.31), and CD44 rs8193 (p=0.45), and T1DM. CONCLUSION Higher amounts of OPN were seen in T1DM children. It is assumed that OPN might have inducing effects on T1DM development, particularly when genetically susceptible individuals are predisposed by an environmental insult. However, the 3 SNPs of OPN and its receptors did not show noticeable association with T1DM. The power of our study (~19%) was insufficient to observe any significant statistical difference between the groups; moreover, this study does not exclude the possibility of association of other SNPs of OPN and its receptors with this disease, and more studies are needed to clarify the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Karamizadeh
- Pediatric Endocrinology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zhang Z, Cui X, Jeske DR, Borneman J. Biclustering scatter plots using data depth measures. Stat Anal Data Min 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/sam.11166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Reza S, Shaukat A, Arain TM, Riaz QS, Mahmud M. Expression of osteopontin in patients with thyroid dysfunction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56533. [PMID: 23437160 PMCID: PMC3577911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunctions are common endocrine problems. They are often misdiagnosed, misunderstood, and frequently overlooked. These disorders affect almost every aspect of health. Most of them remain undetected because the clinical assessment alone lacks both sensitivity and specificity. As it is not sufficient enough we require the biochemical tests to confirm the diagnosis. As a consequence there is still great interest in new biomarkers that complement existing diagnostic tools. Osteopontin, a glycoprotein that can be detected in plasma, was found to be upregulated in several patients with hyperthyroidism and downregulated in hypothyroid patients so it may represent a new biomarker. 100 patients with thyroid dysfunctions (50 hyperthyroid, 50 hypothyroid) and 100 normal subjects were included in the study. Osteopontin and other clinical parameters for diagnosis of thyroid disorders were measured. Osteopontin is positively correlated with T3 and T4 (r = 0.62 and r = 0.75 respectively) while it is negatively correlated with thyroid stimulating hormone (r = -0.52) showing a significant correlation (p-value <0.001). Our findings suggest that osteopontin might be useful as a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with impaired thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Reza
- Pathology Department, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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Nanau RM, Neuman MG. Nutritional and probiotic supplementation in colitis models. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:2786-810. [PMID: 22736018 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In vitro and animals models have long been used to study human diseases and identify novel therapeutic approaches that can be applied to combat these conditions. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two main entities of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is an intricate relationship between IBD features in human patients, in vitro and animal colitis models, mechanisms and possible therapeutic approaches in these models, and strategies that can be extrapolated and applied in humans. Malnutrition, particularly protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies, as well as dysregulation of the intestinal microbiota, are common features of IBD. Based on these observations, dietary supplementation with essential nutrients known to be in short supply in the diet in IBD patients and with other molecules believed to provide beneficial anti-inflammatory effects, as well as with probiotic organisms that stimulate immune functions and resistance to infection has been tested in colitis models. Here we review current knowledge on nutritional and probiotic supplementation in in vitro and animal colitis models. While some of these strategies require further fine-tuning before they can be applied in human IBD patients, their intended purpose is to prevent, delay or treat disease symptoms in a non-pharmaceutical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu M Nanau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Glas J, Seiderer J, Bayrle C, Wetzke M, Fries C, Tillack C, Olszak T, Beigel F, Steib C, Friedrich M, Diegelmann J, Czamara D, Brand S. The role of osteopontin (OPN/SPP1) haplotypes in the susceptibility to Crohn's disease. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29309. [PMID: 22242114 PMCID: PMC3248444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin represents a multifunctional molecule playing a pivotal role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Its expression is increased in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of our study was to analyze the association of osteopontin (OPN/SPP1) gene variants in a large cohort of IBD patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Genomic DNA from 2819 Caucasian individuals (n = 841 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), n = 473 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and n = 1505 healthy unrelated controls) was analyzed for nine OPN SNPs (rs2728127, rs2853744, rs11730582, rs11739060, rs28357094, rs4754 = p.Asp80Asp, rs1126616 = p.Ala236Ala, rs1126772 and rs9138). Considering the important role of osteopontin in Th17-mediated diseases, we performed analysis for epistasis with IBD-associated IL23R variants and analyzed serum levels of the Th17 cytokine IL-22. For four OPN SNPs (rs4754, rs1126616, rs1126772 and rs9138), we observed significantly different distributions between male and female CD patients. rs4754 was protective in male CD patients (p = 0.0004, OR = 0.69). None of the other investigated OPN SNPs was associated with CD or UC susceptibility. However, several OPN haplotypes showed significant associations with CD susceptibility. The strongest association was found for a haplotype consisting of the 8 OPN SNPs rs2728127-rs2853744-rs11730582-rs11439060-rs28357094-rs112661-rs1126772-rs9138 (omnibus p-value = 2.07×10⁻⁸). Overall, the mean IL-22 secretion in the combined group of OPN minor allele carriers with CD was significantly lower than that of CD patients with OPN wildtype alleles (p = 3.66×10⁻⁵). There was evidence for weak epistasis between the OPN SNP rs28357094 with the IL23R SNP rs10489629 (p = 4.18×10⁻²) and between OPN SNP rs1126616 and IL23R SNP rs2201841 (p = 4.18×10⁻²) but none of these associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our study identified OPN haplotypes as modifiers of CD susceptibility, while the combined effects of certain OPN variants may modulate IL-22 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Glas
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Seiderer
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Bayrle
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Wetzke
- Department of Pediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Fries
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Tillack
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Torsten Olszak
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Florian Beigel
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Steib
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Diegelmann
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Adiponectin and plant-derived mammalian adiponectin homolog exert a protective effect in murine colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:2818-32. [PMID: 21479819 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoadiponectinemia has been associated with states of chronic inflammation in humans. Mesenteric fat hypertrophy and low adiponectin have been described in patients with Crohn's disease. We investigated whether adiponectin and the plant-derived homolog, osmotin, are beneficial in a murine model of colitis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected (i.v.) with an adenoviral construct encoding the full-length murine adiponectin gene (AN+DSS) or a reporter-LacZ (Ctr and V+DSS groups) prior to DSS colitis protocol. In another experiment, mice with DSS colitis received either osmotin (Osm+DSS) or saline (DSS) via osmotic pumps. Disease progression and severity were evaluated using body weight, stool consistency, rectal bleeding, colon lengths, and histology. In vitro experiments were carried out in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. RESULTS Mice overexpressing adiponectin had lower expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β), adipokines (angiotensin, osteopontin), and cellular stress and apoptosis markers. These mice had higher levels of IL-10, alternative macrophage marker, arginase 1, and leukoprotease inhibitor. The plant adiponectin homolog osmotin similarly improved colitis outcome and induced robust IL-10 secretion. LPS induced a state of adiponectin resistance in dendritic cells that was reversed by treatment with PPARγ agonist and retinoic acid. CONCLUSION Adiponectin exerted protective effects during murine DSS colitis. It had a broad activity that encompassed cytokines, chemotactic factors as well as processes that assure cell viability during stressful conditions. Reducing adiponectin resistance or using plant-derived adiponectin homologs may become therapeutic options in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Chu M, Yang P, Hou S, Li F, Chen Y, Kijlstra A. Behçet's disease exhibits an increased osteopontin serum level in active stage but no association with osteopontin and its receptor gene polymorphisms. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:525-9. [PMID: 21513757 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) and its receptors have been reported to be involved in a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This study was designed to analyze the OPN serum level in Behçet's disease (BD) and the association of gene polymorphisms of OPN and its receptors with BD. The serum level of OPN in active BD patients, inactive BD patients, and controls was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of OPN and 4 SNPs of OPN receptors were genotyped in 318 BD patients and 313 controls using a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The OPN level was significantly increased in the serum of active BD patients compared with inactive BD patients and controls. SNP analysis indicated an increased frequency of the OPN rs1126772 A allele in BD patients compared with controls. However, the significance was lost after Bonferroni correction. The prevalence of other SNPs of OPN and its receptors did not differ between BD patients and controls. The results suggest that an increased serum OPN level was associated with clinical severity of BD. There was no association of the tested SNPs of OPN and its receptors with BD in Chinese Han patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Chu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sieghart W, Wang X, Schmid K, Pinter M, König F, Bodingbauer M, Wrba F, Rasoul-Rockenschaub S, Peck-Radosavljevic M. Osteopontin expression predicts overall survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients beyond the Milan criteria. J Hepatol 2011; 54:89-97. [PMID: 20970216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Microarray data showed that osteopontin overexpression predicts early HCC-recurrence after liver resection. Osteopontin (OPN) expression could serve as a predictor of HCC-recurrence after OLT. METHODS Osteopontin expression was investigated immunohistochemically in a unique population of 125 HCC-patients undergoing OLT between 1982 and 2002, including 81 patients (65%) outside the Milan criteria. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with median overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) was performed. RESULTS Osteopontin was expressed in 40/125 (32%) of the HCCs. Overall survival post-OLT at 1, 2, 3, 5 years was 77%, 62%, 52%, and 43% (median survival 37 months). Overall survival was significantly longer without expression of OPN (p < 0.05; (median OS: 56 vs. 23 months). The same was true for median TTR (p = 0.008). Outside Milan criteria, patients without OPN-expression had better prognosis (median OS: 37.8 vs. 19.2 months, p = 0.003). Tumor recurrence in patients transplanted outside Milan criteria occurred in 43% (23 of 54) of patients without and 70% (19 of 27, p = 0.018) of patients with OPN-expression after a median TTR of 83.5 vs. 13.9 months. On multivariate analysis, vascular invasion and OPN-expression were independently associated with OS and TTR in HCC-patients after OLT. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemically detectable Osteopontin in HCC is an independent predictor of tumor recurrence and survival in patients beyond Milan criteria undergoing OLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Sieghart
- Abteilung Gastroenterologie and Hepatologie, Medizinische Universität and AKH Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Blockade of osteopontin reduces alloreactive CD8+ T cell-mediated graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2010; 117:1723-33. [PMID: 21119110 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-04-281659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, is caused by alloreactive donor T cells that trigger host tissue damage. The inflammatory environment inside recipients is critical for GVHD pathogenesis, but the underpinning mechanisms remain elusive. Using mouse model of human GVHD, we demonstrate osteopontin (OPN), a potent proinflammatory cytokine, plays an important role in regulating activation, migration, and survival of alloreactive T cells during GVHD. OPN was significantly elevated after irradiation and persisted throughout the course of GVHD. Blockade of OPN attenuated GVHD with reduced accumulation of donor T cells in recipient organs. Amelioration was the result of migration and survival suppression caused by anti-OPN treatment on donor-derived T cells for 2 reasons. First, OPN promoted the migration and infiltration of naive and alloreactive CD8(+) T cells into host organs. Second, it also facilitated activation and viability of donor-derived CD8(+) T cells via synergizing with T-cell receptor/CD3 signaling. Finally, anti-OPN treatment retained graft-versus-leukemia effect of alloreactive CD8(+) T cells. This study demonstrates, to our knowledge for the first time, the critical effect of OPN in the initiation and persistence of CD8(+) T cell-mediated GVHD and validates OPN as a potential target in GVHD prevention.
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Froehlich JW, Chu CS, Tang N, Waddell K, Grimm R, Lebrilla CB. Label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis with automated phosphopeptide enrichment reveals dynamic human milk protein phosphorylation during lactation. Anal Biochem 2010; 408:136-46. [PMID: 20804719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 08/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a critical posttranslational modification that affects cell-cell signaling and protein function. However, quantifying the relative site-specific changes of phosphorylation occupancies remains a major issue. An online enrichment of phosphopeptides using titanium dioxide incorporated in a microchip liquid chromatography device was used to analyze trypsin-digested human milk proteins with mass spectrometry. The method was validated with standards and used to determine the dynamic behavior of protein phosphorylation in human milk from the first month of lactation. α-Casein, β-casein, osteopontin, and chordin-like protein 2 phosphoproteins were shown to vary during this lactation time in an independent manner. In addition, changes in specific regions of these phosphoproteins were found to vary independently. Novel phosphorylation sites were discovered for chordin-like protein 2, α-lactalbumin, β-1,4-galactosyl transferase, and poly-Ig (immunoglobulin) receptor. Coefficients of variation for the quantitation were comparable to those in other contemporary approaches using isotopically labeled peptides, with a median value of 11% for all phosphopeptide occupancies quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Froehlich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
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Bovine colostrum is superior to enriched formulas in stimulating intestinal function and necrotising enterocolitis resistance in preterm pigs. Br J Nutr 2010; 105:44-53. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510003168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Milk contains immunomodulatory compounds that may be important to protect the immature intestine in preterm neonates from harmful inflammatory reactions involved in disorders like necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). We hypothesised that bovine colostrum and milk formulas enriched with sialic acids (SL), gangliosides (Gang) or osteopontin (OPN) would improve gastrointestinal function and NEC resistance in preterm neonates. Forty-seven caesarean-delivered preterm pigs were given total parenteral nutrition for 2 d followed by 1·5 d of enteral feeding. In Expt 1, a control formula was compared with an OPN-enriched formula (n 13), while Expt 2 compared a control formula with bovine colostrum or formulas enriched with Gang or SL (n 4–6). OPN enrichment decreased NEC severity relative to control formula (P < 0·01), without any significant effects on NEC incidence, digestive enzyme activities and hexose absorption. Neither SL- nor Gang-enriched formulas improved NEC resistance or digestive functions, while all the intestinal functional parameters were significantly improved in pigs fed bovine colostrum, relative to formula. The effects in vivo were supported in vitro by bacteria- and dose-dependent modulation by colostrum whey of the cytokine response from bacteria-stimulated murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC). In conclusion, OPN had only moderate NEC-protective effects, while formulas enriched with Gang or SL were ineffective. The observed modulation of DC cytokine response by bovine colostrum whey in vitro may be due to a synergistic action of various milk bioactives, and it may explain its beneficial effects on NEC development and intestinal function in a piglet model of preterm infants.
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Wine E, Shen-Tu G, Gareau MG, Goldberg HA, Licht C, Ngan BY, Sorensen ES, Greenaway J, Sodek J, Zohar R, Sherman PM. Osteopontin mediates Citrobacter rodentium-induced colonic epithelial cell hyperplasia and attaching-effacing lesions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:1320-32. [PMID: 20651246 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although osteopontin (OPN) is up-regulated in inflammatory bowel diseases, its role in disease pathogenesis remains controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the role of OPN in host responses to a non-invasive bacterial pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium, which serves as a murine infectious model of colitis. OPN gene knockout and wild-type mice were infected orogastrically with either C. rodentium or Luria-Bertani (LB) broth. Mouse-derived OPN(+/+) and OPN(-/-) fibroblasts were incubated with C. rodentium and attaching-effacing lesions were demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Colonic expression of OPN was increased by C. rodentium infection of wild-type mice. Furthermore, colonic epithelial cell hyperplasia, the hallmark of C. rodentium infection, was reduced in OPN(-/-) mice, and spleen enlargement by infection was absent in OPN(-/-) mice. Rectal administration of OPN to OPN(-/-) mice restored these effects. There was an 8- to 17-fold reduction in bacterial colonization in OPN(-/-) mice, compared with wild-type mice, which was accompanied by reduced attaching-effacing lesions, both in infected OPN(-/-) mice and OPN(-/-) mouse fibroblasts. Moreover, adhesion pedestals were restored in OPN(-/-) cells complemented with human OPN. Therefore, lack of OPN results in decreased pedestal formation, colonization, and colonic epithelial cell hyperplasia responses to C. rodentium infection, indicating that OPN impacts disease pathogenesis through bacterial attachment and altered host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eytan Wine
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Schack L, Lange A, Kelsen J, Agnholt J, Christensen B, Petersen TE, Sørensen ES. Considerable variation in the concentration of osteopontin in human milk, bovine milk, and infant formulas. J Dairy Sci 2010; 92:5378-85. [PMID: 19841198 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional bioactive protein that is implicated in numerous biological processes such as bone remodeling, inhibition of ectopic calcification, and cellular adhesion and migration, as well as several immune functions. Osteopontin has cytokine-like properties and is a key factor in the initiation of T helper 1 immune responses. Osteopontin is present in most tissues and body fluids, with the highest concentrations being found in milk. In the present study, ELISA for human and bovine milk OPN were developed and OPN concentration in human breast milk, bovine milk, and infant formulas was measured and compared. The OPN concentration in human milk was measured to approximately 138 mg/L, which corresponds to 2.1% (wt/wt) of the total protein in human breast milk. This is considerably higher than the corresponding OPN concentrations in bovine milk (approximately 18 mg/L) and infant formulas (approximately 9 mg/L). Moreover, bovine milk OPN is shown to induce the expression of the T helper 1 cytokine IL-12 in cultured human lamina propria mononuclear cells isolated from intestinal biopsies. Finally, the OPN concentration in plasma samples from umbilical cords, 3-mo-old infants, and pregnant and nonpregnant adults was measured. The OPN level in plasma from 3-mo-old infants and umbilical cords was found to be 7 to 10 times higher than in adults. Thus, the high levels of OPN in milk and infant plasma suggest that OPN is important to infants and that ingested milk OPN is likely to induce cytokine production in neonate intestinal immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schack
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus university, Aarhus, Denmark
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Wu T, Ji G. Abnormal glucose, lipid and protein metabolism in patients with Crohn's disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:160-168. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i2.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), poses a great threat to human health. It results from an inappropriate immune response, in genetically susceptible individuals, to microbial antigens of commensal microorganisms. This paper reviews abnormal glucose, lipid and protein metabolism in patients with CD and highlights the application of metabonomics in biomarker revelation for CD.
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Samuvel DJ, Sundararaj KP, Li Y, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. Adipocyte-mononuclear cell interaction, Toll-like receptor 4 activation, and high glucose synergistically up-regulate osteopontin expression via an interleukin 6-mediated mechanism. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:3916-3927. [PMID: 20007708 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.033951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been reported that osteopontin, a matrix glycoprotein and proinflammatory cytokine, mediates obesity-induced adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and insulin resistance, it remains unclear how osteopontin is up-regulated in adipose tissue in obese humans and animals. In this study, we incubated U937 mononuclear cells with adipocytes in a transwell system and studied how cell interaction regulated osteopontin expression. Results showed that coculture of U937 cells with adipocytes led to a marked increase in osteopontin production when compared with that released by independent cultures of U937 cells. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide or palmitic acid-induced TLR4 activation and high glucose further augmented the coculture-stimulated osteopontin secretion. Similar observations were made in the coculture of human primary monocytes and adipocytes. Real time PCR studies showed that coculture of U937 cells and adipocytes increased osteopontin mRNA in U937 cells, but not adipocytes, suggesting that adipocyte-derived soluble factor may stimulate osteopontin expression by U937 cells. In our studies to explore the underlying mechanism, we found that the neutralizing antibodies against interleukin (IL)-6 or IL-6 small interfering RNA transfection in adipocytes effectively inhibited coculture-stimulated osteopontin expression, suggesting that IL-6 released by adipocytes plays an essential role in the coculture-stimulated osteopontin expression by U937 cells. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that cell interaction, TLR4 activation, and high glucose up-regulate osteopontin expression, and adipocyte-derived IL-6 played a major role in the up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devadoss J Samuvel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Kamala P Sundararaj
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; From the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; From the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425.
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Lund SA, Giachelli CM, Scatena M. The role of osteopontin in inflammatory processes. J Cell Commun Signal 2009; 3:311-22. [PMID: 19798593 PMCID: PMC2778587 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-009-0068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein that mediates diverse biological functions. OPN is involved in normal physiological processes and is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of disease states, including atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, cancer, and several chronic inflammatory diseases. Through interactions with several integrins, OPN mediates cell migration, adhesion, and survival in many cell types. OPN also functions as a Th1 cytokine, promotes cell-mediated immune responses, and plays a role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Besides its function in inflammation, OPN is also a regulator of biomineralization and a potent inhibitor of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Amanda Lund
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 358056, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Cho S, Ahn YS, Choi YS, Seo SK, Nam A, Kim HY, Kim JH, Park KH, Cho DJ, Lee BS. Endometrial osteopontin mRNA expression and plasma osteopontin levels are increased in patients with endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009; 61:286-93. [PMID: 19260859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The aim of this study was to evaluate osteopontin (OPN) mRNA expression in eutopic endometrium and plasma OPN levels in patients with endometriosis. METHOD OF STUDY A total of 79 patients with histologically confirmed endometriosis and 43 patients without endometriosis participated in this study. OPN mRNA expression in endometrial tissues was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and plasma concentrations of OPN were quantified using a specific commercial sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS Osteopontin mRNA expression in endometrial tissue was significantly higher in women with endometriosis than in controls (P = 0.010). The mean plasma levels of OPN (mean +/- S.E.M.) in patients with endometriosis and controls were 407.31 +/- 37.80 ng/mL and 165.84 +/- 19.29 ng/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for plasma OPN revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.894, with a sensitivity of 93.0%, specificity of 72.4%, positive likelihood ratio of 3.37, and negative likelihood ratio of 0.1 using a cut-off value of 167.68 ng/mL. CONCLUSION Osteopontin may be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and plasma OPN may be a useful non-invasive marker for the diagnosis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- SiHyun Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Biros E, Clancy P, Norman PE, Golledge J. A genetic polymorphism in transforming growth factor beta receptor-2 is associated with serum osteopontin. Int J Immunogenet 2009; 36:241-4. [PMID: 19601999 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2009.00855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycoprotein demonstrated to play an important role in inflammation. Transforming growth factor beta and a related signalling pathway have been implicated in control of OPN secretion. We examined the relationship between transforming growth factor beta receptor-1 and -2 (TGFBR1 and 2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and serum OPN in 296 men from the Health in Men Study. Serum concentrations of OPN and 58 SNPs for TGFBR1 and 2 were assessed. One SNP in TGFBR2 was associated with serum OPN (TGFBR2 g.20690C>T, SNP ID rs4522809, P = 0.0007) after adjusting for multiple testing. This study suggests that polymorphism in TGFBR2 are associated with altered secretion of OPN, supporting a role for transforming growth factor beta in OPN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Biros
- Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Aziz MM, Ishihara S, Mishima Y, Oshima N, Moriyama I, Yuki T, Kadowaki Y, Rumi MAK, Amano Y, Kinoshita Y. MFG-E8 Attenuates Intestinal Inflammation in Murine Experimental Colitis by Modulating Osteopontin-Dependent αvβ3 Integrin Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7222-32. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Karcher EL, Bayles DO, Bannantine JP, Beitz DC, Stabel JR. Osteopontin: a novel cytokine involved in the regulation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in periparturient dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:3079-91. [PMID: 18650284 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (Opn), an important mediator of the cell-mediated immune response, enhances the host immune response against mycobacterial infections. Infections caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) have a devastating effect on the dairy industry. We sought to characterize Opn at the level of gene and protein expression in periparturient dairy cows naturally infected with MAP. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from control, subclinical, and clinical periparturient dairy cows naturally infected with MAP beginning 3 wk precalving to 5 wk postcalving and incubated with medium alone (non-stimulated: NS), concanavalin A (ConA), or a whole-cell sonicate of MAP (MPS). Real-time PCR was performed to evaluate expression of Opn and classical Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Results demonstrated greater Opn expression in nonstimulated PBMC isolated from subclinical cows compared with control and clinical cows. For clinical cows, there was a strong correlation between Opn expression and expression of the Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-1 alpha for nonstimulated PBMC and IFN-gamma and IL-12 for PBMC stimulated with MPS. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was greater in clinical cows than the other groups. Nonstimulated, ConA, and MPS-stimulated PBMC from subclinical cows secreted more IFN-gamma, and MPS-stimulated PBMC from clinical cows secreted more IL-4 compared with the other groups. Immunoblot analysis of PBMC detected 4 Opn proteins at 60, 52, 34, and 27 kDa. This is the first study to evaluate the role of Opn on the immune response of dairy cows naturally infected with MAP, and results suggest Opn may be a key regulator against MAP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Karcher
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Wang KX, Denhardt DT. Osteopontin: role in immune regulation and stress responses. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2008; 19:333-45. [PMID: 18952487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has led to a better but as yet incomplete understanding of the complex roles osteopontin plays in mammalian physiology. A soluble protein found in all body fluids, it stimulates signal transduction pathways (via integrins and CD44 variants) similar to those stimulated by components of the extracellular matrix. This appears to promote the survival of cells exposed to potentially lethal insults such as ischemia/reperfusion or physical/chemical trauma. OPN is chemotactic for many cell types including macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells; it enhances B lymphocyte immunoglobulin production and proliferation. In inflammatory situations it stimulates both pro- and anti-inflammatory processes, which on balance can be either beneficial or harmful depending on what other inputs the cell is receiving. OPN influences cell-mediated immunity and has been shown to have Th1-cytokine functions. OPN deficiency is linked to a reduced Th1 immune response in infectious diseases, autoimmunity and delayed type hypersensitivity. OPN's role in the central nervous system and in stress responses has also emerged as an important aspect related to its cytoprotective and immune functions. Evidence suggests that either OPN or anti-OPN monoclonal antibodies (depending on the circumstances) might be clinically useful in modulating OPN function. Manipulation of plasma OPN levels may be useful in the treatment of autoimmune disease, cancer metastasis, osteoporosis and some forms of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn X Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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