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Moriello KA, Coyner K, Paterson S, Mignon B. Diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats.: Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:266-e68. [PMID: 28516493 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal skin disease of cats and dogs. The most common pathogens of small animals belong to the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton. It is an important skin disease because it is contagious, infectious and can be transmitted to people. OBJECTIVES The objective of this document is to review the existing literature and provide consensus recommendations for veterinary clinicians and lay people on the diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in cats and dogs. METHODS The authors served as a Guideline Panel (GP) and reviewed the literature available prior to September 2016. The GP prepared a detailed literature review and made recommendations on selected topics. The World Association of Veterinary Dermatology (WAVD) provided guidance and oversight for this process. A draft of the document was presented at the 8th World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology (May 2016) and was then made available via the World Wide Web to the member organizations of the WAVD for a period of three months. Comments were solicited and posted to the GP electronically. Responses were incorporated by the GP into the final document. CONCLUSIONS No one diagnostic test was identified as the gold standard. Successful treatment requires concurrent use of systemic oral antifungals and topical disinfection of the hair coat. Wood's lamp and direct examinations have good positive and negative predictability, systemic antifungal drugs have a wide margin of safety and physical cleaning is most important for decontamination of the exposed environments. Finally, serious complications of animal-human transmission are exceedingly rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Moriello
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kimberly Coyner
- Dermatology Clinic for Animals, 8300 Quinault Drive NE Suite A, Lacey, WA, 98516, USA
| | - Susan Paterson
- Department of Veterinary Dermatology, Rutland House Referral Hospital, Abbotsfield Road, St Helens, WA9 4HU, UK
| | - Bernard Mignon
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Veterinary Mycology, FARAH (Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, B43A, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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Bettenay SV, Lappin MR, Mueller RS. An Immunohistochemical and Polymerase Chain Reaction Evaluation of Feline Plasmacytic Pododermatitis. Vet Pathol 2016; 44:80-3. [PMID: 17197627 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-1-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sections of 14 skin biopsies of cats with plasmacytic pododermatitis and a clinical follow-up of 12–36 months were stained with a polyclonal anti- Mycobacterium bovis (Bacille Calmette-Guerin = BCG) antibody cross-reactive to a broad spectrum of fungi and bacteria. All sections were negative for organisms within the actual footpad tissue with the anti-BCG antibody stains. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that amplify the DNA of Bartonella spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Chlamydophila felis, Mycoplasma spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) were applied to tissue digests. DNA of those pathogens assessed was not amplified from tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Bettenay
- Tierdermatologie Oberhaching, Oberhaching, Germany
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Noden BH, Du Plessis EC, Morkel C, Tubbesing U, Soni M. Anatrichosoma sp. in the footpads of a cat: diagnosis and pathology of Namibian case. Vet Parasitol 2013; 191:386-9. [PMID: 23062581 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anatrichosoma species are an unusual group of zoonotic trichuroid nematodes. Due to limited knowledge of their life cycle and diagnostic challenges, anatrichosomiasis has been reported only 3 times in domestic animals. A short-haired cat from central Windhoek, Namibia, presented with ulceration, swelling, and sepsis on all four paws, a severe generalized lymphadenopathy and considerable invasive eosinophilia. Histological analysis revealed epidermal hyperplasia, with severe serocellular crusting on the skin surface. One specimen revealed a series of thick-walled eggs within nematode segments with a few sections containing eggs with bioperculate appearance which is compatible with the Aphasmid group of nematodes, more specifically, the genus Anatrichosoma. Ivermectin treatment completely cleared the condition. This is the first report of Anatrichosoma sp. in the Republic of Namibia, identified from a unique location in the capital, Windhoek.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Noden
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Health and Applied Science, Polytechnic of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
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Abstract
Eight cases of feline plasma cell pododermatitis, collected over a 3-year period, were studied using histological (haematoxylin and eosin), histochemical (methyl green-pyronin) and immunohistochemical (antibody against lambda light chains of immunoglobulins) techniques. No sex, breed or age predisposition, or paw predilection was observed. The disease began as a swelling of the footpads, followed by ulceration. Histologically, lesions were characterized by the presence of a large number of plasma cells in a predominantly perivascular pattern. Binucleated plasma cells and mitotic figures were observed. Clinical follow-up for over 1 year revealed total remission of the lesions both after glucocorticoid therapy in four cases, and total surgical excision in two animals. Follow-up studies were not possible in one case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Dias Pereira
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Largo Prof Abel Salazar, Porto 4099-003, Portugal
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Diagnosis: Feline Plasmacytic Pododermatitis. Lab Anim (NY) 2003. [DOI: 10.1038/laban1103-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bettenay SV, Mueller RS, Dow K, Friend S. Prospective study of the treatment of feline plasmacytic pododermatitis with doxycycline. Vet Rec 2003; 152:564-6. [PMID: 12751609 DOI: 10.1136/vr.152.18.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S V Bettenay
- Animal Skin and Allergy Clinic, Central Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Mount Waverley, VIC 3149, Australia
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Bertazzolo W, Toscani L, Calcaterra S, Crippa L, Caniatti M, Bonfanti U. Clinicopathological findings in five cats with paw calcification. J Feline Med Surg 2003; 5:11-7. [PMID: 12547618 DOI: 10.1053/jfms.2002.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study describes the clinicopathological findings in five cats with soft tissue mineralisation of interdigital spaces and footpads. Paw disease was the reason for veterinary consultation in three out of five cats. All cats had laboratory findings suggestive of renal failure and high solubility product [calciumxphosphorus]. In all cases, cytological examination of paw lesions was suggestive of calcinosis. The results of our study agree with two previous case reports of paw calcification in the cat, suggesting a metastatic pathogenesis and a correlation between paw mineralisation and renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bertazzolo
- Clinica Veterinaria Alto Lambro, Via Molini taverna 1, 20050, Gerno di Lesmo, (MI), Italy.
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Abstract
FELINE infections peritonitis (FIP) is a systemic, fatal, immune‐mediated vasculitis caused by a feline coronavirus (FCoV). Historically, FIP virus (FIPV) and feline enteritis by a feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). Recent studies have shown that there is essentially only one FCoV in the field, although laboratory strains may vary in virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Toll
- Veterinary Specialists of South Florida 9410 Stirling Road Cooper City, FL 33024, USA ()
| | - Barry Cooper
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca NY 14853, USA
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Abstract
Many causes exist for ulcerative disease of the skin and mucous membranes of cats. History, physical examination, cytology, skin biopsy, a hemogram, serum biochemical evaluation, and FeLV and feline immunodeficiency virus testing are a standard diagnostic protocol for such cases. Therapy is dependent on the underlying cause. Symptomatic therapy consisting of cleansing soaks (chlorhexidine) and systemic antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulfadiazine or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) may be helpful to control secondary bacterial infections. If ulceration is widespread, serum leakage may result in a decreased total protein and more systemic signs. When oral ulcers are present, food and water consumption may be affected. Enteral nutrition may be helpful to sustain the cat during the diagnostic workup or until results of treatment are evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Angarano
- Department of Small Animal Surgery and Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
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Abstract
This article discusses disorders of the head and face, including feline acne, solar dermatoses, pruritus of the head and neck, and nodular or ulcerative dermatoses of the head. Disorders of the pinna, otitis externa, and nasal diseases are highlighted. In addition, a discussion of pododermatitis and diseases of the claws and ungual fold is presented. Miscellaneous regional dermatoses include midline ulcerative dermatitis, stud tail, and vaccine-induced lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Foil
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
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López R, Ginel PJ, Molleda JM, Bautista MJ, Pérez J, Mozos E. A Clinical, Pathological and I mmunopathological Study of Vitiligo in a Siamese Cat. Vet Dermatol 1994; 5:27-32. [PMID: 34645034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.1994.tb00007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract- The clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural features of a spayed female Siamese cat with a three-and-a-half year history of progressive cutaneous depigmentation are described. Clinically the condition was characterised by progressive leukoderma of the nose, pinna and footpad skin, and multifocal leukotrichia involving the whole body. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies confirmed the absence of melanocytes and melanin in the epidermis and hair follicles of affected areas. Immunohistochemical study revealed areas with absence of immune response to anti-vimentin antiserum, which was interpreted as a loss of dendritic cells, especially melanocytes. Diagnosis of vitiligo was based on the clinical signs and pathological features. This study adds a new case of this uncommon condition in the cat, and documents some previously non-reported features of feline vitiligo, such as the chronic progressive and generalised nature of the skin lesions, and its reversible character with partial lentiginous repigmentation on the pinna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío López
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Avda. Medina Azahara 9, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pedro J Ginel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Avda. Medina Azahara 9, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José M Molleda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Avda. Medina Azahara 9, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María J Bautista
- *Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Avda. Medina Azahara 9, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Pérez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Avda. Medina Azahara 9, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elena Mozos
- *Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Avda. Medina Azahara 9, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
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