1
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Živković M, Stefanović N, Glišić B, Brajović G, Miličić B, Kostić M, Popović B. WNT10A and RUNX2 mutations associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12896. [PMID: 36250548 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine the prevalence of WNT10A and RUNX2 mutations and assess their potential impact on the phenotype of non-syndromic tooth agenesis. The study included 30 participants with non-syndromic tooth agenesis, divided into hypodontia (n = 24) and oligodontia forms (n = 6), and 42 unaffected family members. Genomic DNA from buccal epithelial cells was used for polymerase chain reaction amplification of functionally important exons of the WNT10A and RUNX2 genes. Direct sequencing reactions were performed to confirm the presence of mutations. The trend of increasing prevalence of WNT10A mutations and a slight increase in the prevalence of RUNX2 mutations were revealed in tooth agenesis cases compared to unaffected family members. There was a higher prevalence of hypodontia than oligodontia, increased frequency of females over males with missing teeth, and a wide phenotypic variability was observed in individuals and families analyzed. The common missense mutations (p.Phe228Ile, p.Arg113Cys, p.Asp217Asn, and p.Gly165Arg) and c.114-56T>C in the WNT10A gene and in-frame-deletion/insertions (11A, 24Q, 30Q), synonymous variant c.240G>A, and 424-33dupC in the RUNX2 gene were identified. These findings highlight an important role of WNT10A and RUNX2 mutations in the genetic etiology of non-syndromic tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Živković
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Stefanović
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Glišić
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gavrilo Brajović
- Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Miličić
- Department for Medical Statistics and Informatics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Kostić
- Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism, University of Kragujevac, Vrnjacka Banja, Serbia
| | - Branka Popović
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Sills ES, Harrity C, Wood SH. Five-Year Assessment of Multiple Gene Variants Associated with Bone Marrow Hypocellularity, Reduced Bone Density, and Ovarian Insufficiency in Adolescence. J Bone Metab 2022; 29:271-277. [PMID: 36529870 PMCID: PMC9760775 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2022.29.4.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study covers the 5-year interval prior to COVID-19 admission for an otherwise healthy 46,XX adolescent expanding the developmental characterization of an unusual convergence of amenorrhea and genetic mutations. The patient experienced rapid collapse of endogenous estradiol output followed by secondary amenorrhea at 13 years of age. Euploid, diffusely hypocellular bone marrow was present on biopsy, although anemia or reduced total immunoglobulin production was not identified. Bone density was 1.5 years below mean; multiple dental anomalies were also documented. While alterations in "master regulator" genes RUNX2, SALL1, and SAMD9 are usually diagnosed in early childhood when missed milestones, dysmorphic features, or chronic infection/immune impairment warrant cross-disciplinary evaluation, this study is the first known report to associate ovarian failure with adolescence with such variants. Immunoglobulin patterns, osseous histomorphology, dentition, hematology/renal screening, pelvic anatomy, ovarian reserve data, and thyroid findings are also correlated. Although severe pathology is typically encountered when any of these genes are disrupted alone, this longitudinal survey reveals that a mild phenotype can prevail if these 3 variants occur simultaneously. Periodic monitoring is planned given the unclassified status of this unique mutation set.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Scott Sills
- Plasma Research Section, FertiGen Center for Advanced Genetics/Regenerative Biology Group, San Clemente, CA,
USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Palomar Medical Center, Escondido, CA,
USA
| | - Conor Harrity
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - Samuel H. Wood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Palomar Medical Center, Escondido, CA,
USA,Gen 5 Fertility Center, San Diego, CA,
USA
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3
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Zhang Y, Duan X. A Novel 90-kbp Deletion of RUNX2 Associated with Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1128. [PMID: 35885911 PMCID: PMC9322484 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) mutations. In addition to the regular missense, small or large fragment deletions are the common mutation types of RUNX2. This study aimed to find the rules of deletions in RUNX2. The clinical information of one Chinese CCD family was collected. Genomic DNA was extracted for whole-exome sequencing (WES). Bioinformatics analyzed the pathogenicity of the variants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were carried out using specific primers. RT-PCR and Q-PCR were also used to detect the mRNA level of RUNX2. The CCD studies related with deletions in RUNX2 from 1999 to 2021 from HGMD and PubMed were collected and analyzed for the relationship between the phenotypes and the length of deleted fragments. The proband presented typical CCD features, including delayed closure of cranial sutures, clavicle dysplasia, abnormal teeth. WES, PCR with specific primers and Sanger sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous 90-kbp deletion in RUNX2 (NG_008020.2 g.103671~193943), which caused a substitution (p.Asn183Ile) and premature termination (p.Asp184*). In addition, the mRNA expression of RUNX2 was decreased by 75.5% in the proband. Herein, 31 types of deletions varying from 2 bp to 800 kbp or covering the whole gene of RUNX2 were compared and the significant phenotypic difference was not found among these deletions. The CCD phenotypes were related with the final effects of RUNX2 mutation instead of the length of deletion. WES has the defects in identifying large indels, and direct PCR with specific primers and Sanger sequencing could make up for the shortcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China;
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4
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Zhang J, Li YZ, Chen WQ, Yuan JY, Li Q, Meng YX, Yu YD, Guo Q. Genome sequencing identified a novel exonic microdeletion in the RUNX2 gene that causes cleidocranial dysplasia. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 528:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Yang L, Lu G, Shen W, Chen W, Lu H, Zhang G, Yuan S, Zheng S, Ren J. Whole-exome sequencing of a novel initiation codon mutation in RUNX2 in a Chinese family with cleidocranial dysplasia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27746. [PMID: 34766588 PMCID: PMC8589230 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is mainly attributable to a variant of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) on chromosome 6p21. CCD is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by open/delayed closure of fontanels, clavicular hypoplasia, retention of deciduous teeth, and supernumerary permanent teeth. The aim of this study was to investigate potentially pathogenic mutations in 2 Chinese families. Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes, and whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to detect gene variants. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression level of RUNX2 in the proband of family 1. Silico algorithms and conservation analyses were used to evaluate the functional impact. We identified a novel initiation codon mutation (c.2T>C) and a previously reported mutation (c.569G>A). Familial co-segregation verified an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern. Our findings demonstrated that the novel mutation c.2T>C causes CCD. Quantitative real-time PCR suggested that downregulated RUNX2 levels and haploinsufficiency in RUNX2 lead to CCD. These results extend the spectrum of RUNX2 mutations in CCD patients and can be used for genetic consultation and prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Genqi Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | | | - Jiabao Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
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6
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Kalayci Yigin A, Duz MB, Seven M. Rare Findings in Cleidocranial Dysplasia Caused by RUNX Mutation. Glob Med Genet 2021; 9:23-28. [PMID: 35169780 PMCID: PMC8837417 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD, #MIM119600) is an autosomal-dominant skeletal dysplasia characterized by delayed closure of the cranial sutures, aplasia, or hypoplasia of the clavicles and dental abnormalities. These findings were accompanied by mobile and drooping shoulders, frontal and parietal bossing, hypertelorism, brachycephaly, short stature, supernumerary, and late erupting teeth. Radiographic studies can reveal involvement of multiple bones including skull, chest, pelvis, and limbs. CCD can be diagnosed with clinical and radiological evaluation and validated by molecular studies. Heterozygous loss of function
RUNX2
gene, which plays an important role in osteogenesis and differentiation of precursor cells, causes CCD phenotype.
Methods
In this article, we reported five cases from three unrelated families with CCD phenotype. All exons and exonic–intronic boundary regions of
RUNX2
gene from five patients were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct Sanger-sequencing.
Results
Our patients had classical CCD phenotype and we detected three different previously described mutations including c.1171C > T, IVS4 + 4delAAGT and c.676G > A. However, nail dysplasia has never been associated with these mutations. Our patients had varying degrees of nail dysplasia. Two of three mutations are related with Runt DNA-binding domain of
RUNX2
protein in Wnt signaling and c.1171C > T had effect on proline/serine/threonine-rich (PST) domain. Recently, Wnt signaling pathway was presented as a key regulator of digit and nail differentiation. Our data suggest that
RUNX2
gene may have an essential role on embryogenesis of nails, probably by protecting their integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Kalayci Yigin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bugrahan Duz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Health Sciences University, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Seven
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Hordyjewska‐Kowalczyk E, Sowińska‐Seidler A, Olech EM, Socha M, Glazar R, Kruczek A, Latos‐Bieleńska A, Tylzanowski P, Jamsheer A. Functional analysis of novel
RUNX2
mutations identified in patients with cleidocranial dysplasia. Clin Genet 2019; 96:429-438. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Hordyjewska‐Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University Lublin Poland
- The Postgraduate School of Molecular MedicineMedical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Ewelina M. Olech
- Department of Medical GeneticsPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznań Poland
| | - Magdalena Socha
- Department of Medical GeneticsPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznań Poland
| | | | - Anna Kruczek
- Genetic Counseling Unit Kostyk and Kruczek Kraków Poland
| | - Anna Latos‐Bieleńska
- Department of Medical GeneticsPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznań Poland
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical University Lublin Poland
- Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Development and RegenerationSkeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical GeneticsPoznan University of Medical Sciences Poznań Poland
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8
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Kreiborg S, Jensen BL. Tooth formation and eruption – lessons learnt from cleidocranial dysplasia. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126 Suppl 1:72-80. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kreiborg
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry and Clinical Genetics Department of Odontology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - B. L. Jensen
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry and Clinical Genetics Department of Odontology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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9
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Ferraz T, Rossoni DM, Althoff SL, Pissinatti A, Paixão-Cortês VR, Bortolini MC, González-José R, Marroig G, Salzano FM, Gonçalves GL, Hünemeier T. Contrasting patterns of RUNX2 repeat variations are associated with palate shape in phyllostomid bats and New World primates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7867. [PMID: 29777172 PMCID: PMC5959863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the genetic basis that underlies craniofacial variability in natural populations is one of the main topics of evolutionary and developmental studies. One of the genes associated with mammal craniofacial variability is RUNX2, and in the present study we investigated the association between craniofacial length and width and RUNX2 across New World bats (Phyllostomidae) and primates (Catarrhini and Platyrrhini). Our results showed contrasting patterns of association between the glutamate/alanine ratios (Q/A ratio) and palate shape in these highly diverse groups. In phyllostomid bats, we found an association between shorter/broader faces and increase of the Q/A ratio. In New World monkeys (NWM) there was a positive correlation of increasing Q/A ratios to more elongated faces. Our findings reinforced the role of the Q/A ratio as a flexible genetic mechanism that would rapidly change the time of skull ossification throughout development. However, we propose a scenario in which the influence of this genetic adjustment system is indirect. The Q/A ratio would not lead to a specific phenotype, but throughout the history of a lineage, would act along with evolutionary constraints, as well as other genes, as a facilitator for adaptive morphological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferraz
- Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela M Rossoni
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rolando González-José
- Patagonian Institute of Social and Human Sciences, National Council for Scientific and Technological Research-CONICET, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Marroig
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco M Salzano
- Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gislene L Gonçalves
- Department of Genetics, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Environmental Resources, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Surgical Management and Evaluation of the Craniofacial Growth and Morphology in Cleidocranial Dysplasia. J Craniofac Surg 2018; 29:959-965. [PMID: 29498969 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000004334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD, MIM 119600) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder affecting bone, cartilage, craniofacial growth, and tooth formation leading to supernumerary teeth. Few reports delineate the genotype-phenotype correlations related to the variations in craniofacial morphology and patterning of the dentition and the complexity of treating patient's malocclusion. Successful management of the craniofacial deformities in patients with CCD requires a multidisciplinary team of healthcare specialists. Approximately 70% of patients are due to point mutations in RUNX2 and <20% due to copy number variations with the remainder unidentified. There is no literature to date, describing the orthognathic management of CCD patients with deletion in one of the RUNX2 alleles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the craniofacial morphology and dental patterning in a 14-year-old Caucasian female with CCD resulting from a novel microdeletion of RUNX2 in 1 allele. The CCD patient with RUNX2 haploinsufficiency due to microdeletion had decreased craniofacial bone and ankyloses in the permanent dentition. An altered extraction protocol of supernumerary teeth was followed in this patient. Craniofacial growth and morphologic analysis demonstrated atypical skull shape, persistent metopic suture, and decreased mandibular size.
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11
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Qian Y, Zhang Y, Wei B, Zhang M, Yang J, Leng C, Ge Z, Xu X, Sun M. A novel Alu-mediated microdeletion in the RUNX2 gene in a Chinese patient with cleidocranial dysplasia. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Hordyjewska E, Jaruga A, Kandzierski G, Tylzanowski P. Novel Mutation of the RUNX2 Gene in Patients with Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:253-260. [PMID: 28878609 DOI: 10.1159/000477307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant disorder linked to mutations in the Runt-related transcription factor 2, encoded by the RUNX2 gene, which is essential for osteoblast differentiation and skeletal development. Here, we describe a novel nonsense mutation (c.532C>T; p.Q178X) in RUNX2 identified in 3 affected members of a Polish family with CCD. The localization and transcriptional transactivation studies show that the mutated form of the protein has altered the subcellular localization and significantly decreased transactivation properties, respectively. Consequently, our data show that the c.532C>T mutation generates a defective RUNX2 protein and is genetically linked to the CCD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Hordyjewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jaruga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kandzierski
- Children's Orthopedic Clinic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Cleidocranial dysplasia: Clinical, endocrinologic and molecular findings in 15 patients from 11 families. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 60:163-168. [PMID: 28027977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by skeletal anomalies such as delayed closure of the cranial sutures, underdeveloped or absent clavicles, multiple dental abnormalities, short stature and osteoporosis. RUNX2, encoding Runt DNA-binding domain protein important in osteoblast differentiation, is the only known gene related to the disease and identified as responsible in 70% of the cases. Our clinical evaluations revealed that short stature present at a rate of 28.6%, osteoporosis at a rate of 57.1% and osteopenia at 21.4%. In this study, RUNX2 sequencing revealed nine different variations in 11 families, eight being pathogenic of which one was novel gross insertion (c.1271_1272ins20) and one other being predicted benign in frame gross deletion (c.241_258del).
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14
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15
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Jaruga A, Hordyjewska E, Kandzierski G, Tylzanowski P. Cleidocranial dysplasia and RUNX2-clinical phenotype-genotype correlation. Clin Genet 2016; 90:393-402. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jaruga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University; Lublin Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine; Warsaw Poland
| | - E. Hordyjewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University; Lublin Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine; Warsaw Poland
| | - G. Kandzierski
- Children Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Department; Medical University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
| | - P. Tylzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University; Lublin Poland
- Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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16
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Shibata A, Machida J, Yamaguchi S, Kimura M, Tatematsu T, Miyachi H, Matsushita M, Kitoh H, Ishiguro N, Nakayama A, Higashi Y, Shimozato K, Tokita Y. Characterisation of novel RUNX2 mutation with alanine tract expansion from Japanese cleidocranial dysplasia patient. Mutagenesis 2015. [PMID: 26220009 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD; MIM 119600) is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterised by hypopalstic and/or aplastic clavicles, midface hypoplasia, absent or delayed closure of cranial sutures, moderately short stature, delayed eruption of permanent dentition and supernumerary teeth. The molecular pathogenesis can be explained in about two-thirds of CCD patients by haploinsufficiency of the RUNX2 gene. In our current study, we identified a novel and rare variant of the RUNX2 gene (c.181_189dupGCGGCGGCT) in a Japanese patient with phenotypic features of CCD. The insertion led an alanine tripeptide expansion (+3Ala) in the polyalanine tract. To date, a RUNX2 variant with alanine decapeptide expansion (+10Ala) is the only example of a causative variant of RUNX2 with polyalanine tract expansion to be reported, whilst RUNX2 (+1Ala) has been isolated from the healthy population. Thus, precise analyses of the RUNX2 (+3Ala) variant were needed to clarify whether the tripeptide expanded RUNX2 is a second disease-causing mutant with alanine tract expansion. We therefore investigated the biochemical properties of the mutant RUNX2 (+3Ala), which contains 20 alanine residues in the polyalanine tract. When transfected in COS7 cells, RUNX2 (+3Ala) formed intracellular ubiquitinated aggregates after 24h, and exerted a dominant negative effect in vitro. At 24h after gene transfection, whereas slight reduction was observed in RUNX2 (+10Ala), all of these mutants significantly activated osteoblast-specific element-2, a cis-acting sequence in the promoter of the RUNX2 target gene osteocalcin. The aggregation growth of RUNX2 (+3Ala) was clearly lower and slower than that of RUNX2 (+10Ala). Furthermore, we investigated several other RUNX2 variants with various alanine tract lengths, and found that the threshold for aggregation may be RUNX2 (+3Ala). We conclude that RUNX2 (+3Ala) is the cause of CCD in our current case, and that the accumulation of intracellular aggregates in vitro is related to the length of the alanine tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Shibata
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan, Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki 503-0864, Japan
| | - Junichiro Machida
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota 471-0821, Japan
| | - Seishi Yamaguchi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu 474-8710, Japan
| | - Masashi Kimura
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki 503-0864, Japan
| | - Tadashi Tatematsu
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan, Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakayama
- Department of Embryology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan
| | - Yujiro Higashi
- Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shimozato
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tokita
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan, Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan,
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Avela K, Hirvinen H, Ben Amor M, Rauch F. Metaphyseal dysplasia with maxillary hypoplasia and brachydactyly in a Finnish woman: first confirmation of a duplication in RUNX2 as pathogenic variant. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 57:617-20. [PMID: 25311905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metaphyseal dysplasia with maxillary hypoplasia and brachydactyly (MDMHB) is an autosomal-dominant bone dysplasia that until now has only been reported in French Canadian individuals. We have recently identified an intragenic duplication in RUNX2, encompassing exons 3 to 5, as a cause of MDMHB in French Canadian families. Here we describe a 20-year-old Finnish woman who had typical clinical and radiological signs of MDMHB, the first reported individual with MDMHB who is not of French-Canadian origin. Copy number variant assays based on quantitative PCR of genomic DNA showed the presence of three copies within a part of RUNX2. Sequencing RUNX2 cDNA from the skin fibroblasts revealed a duplication of exons 3 to 5. The results demonstrated that the intronic breakpoints of the duplication differed from those previously found in the French Canadian family, but that the consequences on RUNX2 transcript were identical. These findings demonstrate that the MDMHB phenotype results from an intragenic duplication of RUNX2 exons 3 to 5 also outside of the community where the disorder was first identified.
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18
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Moffatt P, Ben Amor M, Glorieux FH, Roschger P, Klaushofer K, Schwartzentruber JA, Paterson AD, Hu P, Marshall C, Fahiminiya S, Majewski J, Beaulieu CL, Boycott KM, Rauch F. Metaphyseal dysplasia with maxillary hypoplasia and brachydactyly is caused by a duplication in RUNX2. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:252-8. [PMID: 23290074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaphyseal dysplasia with maxillary hypoplasia and brachydactyly (MDMHB) is an autosomal-dominant bone dysplasia characterized by metaphyseal flaring of long bones, enlargement of the medial halves of the clavicles, maxillary hypoplasia, variable brachydactyly, and dystrophic teeth. We performed genome-wide SNP genotyping in five affected and four unaffected members of an extended family with MDMHB. Analysis for copy-number variations revealed that a 105 kb duplication within RUNX2 segregated with the MDMHB phenotype in a region with maximum linkage. Real-time PCR for copy-number variation in genomic DNA in eight samples, as well as sequence analysis of fibroblast cDNA from one subject with MDMHB confirmed that affected family members were heterozygous for the presence of an intragenic duplication encompassing exons 3 to 5 of RUNX2. These three exons code for the Q/A domain and the functionally essential DNA-binding runt domain of RUNX2. Transfection studies with murine Runx2 cDNA showed that cellular levels of mutated RUNX2 were markedly higher than those of wild-type RUNX2, suggesting that the RUNX2 duplication found in individuals with MDMHB leads to a gain of function. Until now, only loss-of-function mutations have been detected in RUNX2; the present report associates an apparent gain-of-function alteration of RUNX2 function with a distinct rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Moffatt
- Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, QC, Canada
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19
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Hughes JN, Thomas PQ. Molecular pathology of polyalanine expansion disorders: new perspectives from mouse models. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1017:135-51. [PMID: 23719913 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-438-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Disease-causing polyalanine (PA) expansion mutations have been identified in nine genes, eight of which encode transcription factors (TFs) with important roles in development. In vitro and cell overexpression studies have shown that expanded PA tracts result in protein misfolding and the formation of aggregates. This feature of PA proteins is reminiscent of the related polyglutamine (PQ) disease proteins, which have been shown to cause disease via a gain-of-function (GOF) mechanism. However, in sharp contrast to PQ disorders, the disease phenotypes associated with PA mutations are more consistent with a LOF and/or mild GOF mechanism, suggesting that their molecular pathology is inherently different to PQ disorders. Elucidating the cellular impact of PA mutations in vivo has been difficult to address as, unlike the late-onset polyglutamine disorders, all PA disorders associated with TF gene mutations are congenital. However, in recent years, significant advances have been made through the analysis of engineered (knock-in) and spontaneous PA mouse models. Here we review these recent findings and propose an updated model of the molecular and cellular mechanism of PA disorders that incorporates both LOF and GOF features.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Hughes
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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