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Laumen JGE, Van Dijck C, Manoharan-Basil SS, de Block T, Abdellati S, Xavier BB, Malhotra-Kumar S, Kenyon C. The effect of daily usage of Listerine Cool Mint mouthwash on the oropharyngeal microbiome: a substudy of the PReGo trial. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38833520 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. ListerineÒ is a bactericidal mouthwash widely used to prevent oral health problems such as dental plaque and gingivitis. However, whether it promotes or undermines a healthy oral microbiome is unclear.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. We hypothesized that the daily use of Listerine Cool Mint would have a significant impact on the oropharyngeal microbiome.Aim. We aimed to assess if daily usage of Listerine Cool Mint influenced the composition of the pharyngeal microbiome.Methodology. The current microbiome substudy is part of the Preventing Resistance in Gonorrhoea trial. This was a double-blind single-centre, crossover, randomized controlled trial of antibacterial versus placebo mouthwash to reduce the incidence of gonorrhoea/chlamydia/syphilis in men who have sex with men (MSM) taking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Fifty-nine MSM taking HIV PrEP were enrolled. In this crossover trial, participants received 3 months of daily Listerine followed by 3 months of placebo mouthwash or vice versa. Oropharyngeal swabs were taken at baseline and after 3 months use of each mouthwash. DNA was extracted for shotgun metagenomic sequencing (Illumina Inc.). Non-host reads were taxonomically classified with MiniKraken and Bracken. The alpha and beta diversity indices were compared between baseline and after each mouthwash use. Differentially abundant bacterial taxa were identified using ANOVA-like differential expression analysis.Results. Streptococcus was the most abundant genus in most samples (n = 103, 61.7 %) with a median relative abundance of 31.5% (IQR 20.6-44.8), followed by Prevotella [13.5% (IQR 4.8-22.6)] and Veillonella [10.0% (IQR 4.0-16.8)]. Compared to baseline, the composition of the oral microbiome at the genus level (beta diversity) was significantly different after 3 months of Listerine (P = 0.006, pseudo-F = 2.29) or placebo (P = 0.003, pseudo-F = 2.49, permutational multivariate analysis of variance) use. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus anginosus were significantly more abundant after Listerine use compared to baseline.Conclusion. Listerine use was associated with an increased abundance of common oral opportunistic bacteria previously reported to be enriched in periodontal diseases, oesophageal and colorectal cancer, and systemic diseases. These findings suggest that the regular use of Listerine mouthwash should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G E Laumen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, STI Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - C Van Dijck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, STI Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S S Manoharan-Basil
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, STI Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - T de Block
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Reference Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S Abdellati
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Reference Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - B B Xavier
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - C Kenyon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, STI Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Kumar PS. Interventions to prevent periodontal disease in tobacco-, alcohol-, and drug-dependent individuals. Periodontol 2000 2020; 84:84-101. [PMID: 32844411 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse affects more than one sixth of the world's population. More importantly, the nature of the abuse and the type of addictive substances available to individuals is increasing exponentially. All substances with abusive potential impact both the human immuno-inflammatory system and oral microbial communities, and therefore play a critical role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Evidence strongly supports the efficacy of professionally delivered cessation counseling. Dentists, dental therapists, and hygienists are ideally placed to deliver this therapy, and to spearhead efforts to provide behavioral and pharmacologic support for cessation. The purpose of this review is to examine the biologic mechanisms underlying their role in disease causation, to understand the pharmacologic and behavioral basis for their habituation, and to investigate the efficacy of population-based and personalized interventions in prevention of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima S Kumar
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
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Yokoyama A, Omori T, Yokoyama T. Changing trends in cancer incidence of upper aerodigestive tract and stomach in Japanese alcohol-dependent men (1993-2018). Cancer Med 2020; 9:837-846. [PMID: 31957322 PMCID: PMC6970038 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), head and neck SCC (HNSCC), and gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) are frequently detected at an early stage using endoscopic screening in Japanese alcohol-dependent men. METHODS We performed endoscopic screening with esophageal iodine staining and oropharyngolaryngeal inspection in 7582 Japanese alcohol-dependent men (40-79 years) during 1993-2018, and retrospectively investigated their initial screening results. RESULTS The 2008-2018 screening showed lower detection rates for ESCC (2.6% vs 4.0%, P = .0009) and GA (0.5% vs 1.4%, P < .0001) for all age brackets, compared with the 1993-2007 screening. The HNSCC detection rate did not change (1.0% vs 1.1%). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the 2008-2018 screening had a reduced OR (95% CI) for ESCC (0.34 [0.25-0.47]) and GA (0.19 [0.10-0.35]), compared with the 1993-2007 screening. The reduction in H pylori infection is probably the main reason for the decrease in GA detection over time. Declining trends in pack-years and gastric atrophy and increasing trends in age and body mass index (BMI) were found over time. The presence of advanced gastric atrophy increased the risk for ESCC as well as GA. The inactive heterozygous aldehyde dehydrogenase-2*1/*2 genotype was a strong risk factor for ESCC, HNSCC, and GA. Fewer pack-years and a larger BMI decreased the ESCC risk. However, these confounders cannot fully explain why the incidence of ESCC has decreased markedly over the recent decade. CONCLUSIONS The detection rates of ESCC and GA have markedly decreased during the past decade in the alcohol-dependent population. The enigmatic declining trend of ESCC warrants research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yokoyama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction CenterKanagawaJapan
| | - Tai Omori
- Endoscopy CenterKawasaki Municipal Ida HospitalKanagawaJapan
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health PromotionNational Institute of Public HealthSaitamaJapan
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Ab Malik N, Abdul Razak F, Mohamad Yatim S, Lam OLT, Jin L, Li LS, McGrath C. Oral Health Interventions Using Chlorhexidine—Effects on the Prevalence of Oral Opportunistic Pathogens in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2018; 18:99-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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5
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Ghazala S, Golden TR, Farran S, Zangeneh TT. A rare case of pyogenic pericarditis secondary to Streptococcus constellatus. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-223804. [PMID: 29592995 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an extremely rare case of purulent pericarditis caused by the normally commensal oral flora, Streptococcus constellatus, a viridans Streptococcal species and member of the S. anginosus group (previously also known by the eponymous 'S. milleri', for American Willoughby Dayton Miller). This case is a previously healthy 71-year-old immunocompetent woman from Arizona who presented with a 5-day history of progressive shortness of breath and chest tightness, and subjective fever and chills, but without history of nausea, vomiting, night sweats, recent travel, autoimmune disease or sick contacts. Early recognition and intervention of purulent pericarditis allow patients like the one outlined in this case to achieve full recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehem Ghazala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Todd Rabkin Golden
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sumaya Farran
- Infectious Diseases, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Tirdad T Zangeneh
- Infectious Diseases, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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6
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Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting with Streptococcus intermedius Cerebral Abscess. Case Rep Pathol 2017; 2017:5819676. [PMID: 28894616 PMCID: PMC5574295 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5819676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral abscess is caused by inoculation of an organism into the brain parenchyma from a site distant from the central nervous system. Streptococcus intermedius (S. intermedius) is a commensal organism that is normally present in the aerodigestive tract and was reported to be the cause of brain abscesses after esophageal dilatation or upper endoscopy. Case Presentation We report the case of a 53-year-old female who presented with hematemesis and melena followed by left-sided weakness. Initially, her hemiplegia was found to be secondary to a right thalamic brain abscess caused by S. intermedius. Investigations led to the diagnosis of a mid-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We hypothesize that the cause of the abscess with this bacterium that naturally resides in the digestive tract and oral cavity is secondary to hematogenous spread from breach in the mucosal integrity from ulceration due to the cancer. Conclusion To our knowledge, our case is the first in the literature to describe a brain abscess caused by S. intermedius in association with a previously undiagnosed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma without any prior esophageal intervention.
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Maves RC, Tripp MS, Franzos T, Wallace SC, Drinkwine BJ, Villines TC. Pyogenic Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade Due to Streptococcus anginosus in a Combat Theater. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofw267. [PMID: 28470013 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus anginosus group pericarditis is rare. A 24-year-old male soldier presented for care at a military clinic in Afghanistan with shock and cardiac tamponade requiring emergent pericardial drainage and aeromedical evacuation. We review the patient's case, the need for serial pericardial drainage, and the available literature on this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Maves
- NATO Role 3 Multinational Medical Unit, Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Michael S Tripp
- NATO Role 3 Multinational Medical Unit, Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Tracy Franzos
- Kimbrough Ambulatory Care Center, Fort George G. Meade, Maryland
| | - Scott C Wallace
- NATO Role 3 Multinational Medical Unit, Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan.,Departments of Anesthesiology
| | - Benjamin J Drinkwine
- NATO Role 3 Multinational Medical Unit, Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan.,Radiology, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California
| | - Todd C Villines
- Cardiology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.,Craig Joint Theater Hospital, Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan
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Fugle CW, Zhang Y, Hong F, Sun S, Westwater C, Rachidi S, Yu H, Garret-Mayer E, Kirkwood K, Liu B, Li Z. CD24 blunts oral squamous cancer development and dampens the functional expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1226719. [PMID: 27853649 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1226719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD24 expression has been implicated in the oncogenesis of multiple types of cancer and high tumor expression is considered a poor prognosis factor; however, the role of CD24 in oral cancer progression is unknown. Unlike other cancer types, we found that higher CD24 levels in human oral cancers are correlated to lower clinical stage and better overall survival. We then dissected the role of CD24 and mechanisms in oral cancer pathogenesis in mice using a genetic strategy and demonstrated that CD24 deficiency increased the oral cavity tumor burden in response to the carcinogen 4-nitroquioline 1-oxide (4-NQO). Immune profile analysis showed a significant expansion as well as increased suppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in CD24-/- mice, but no apparent impairment in T cells, B cells, or dendritic cells. Further, studies with an orthotopically transplanted syngeneic squamous carcinoma model in the tongue of CD24-/- and CD24+/- mice confirmed the protective roles of CD24 against cancer. Moreover, the difference in tumor growth between CD24-/- and CD24+/- mice was blunted by immunodepletion of MDSCs. We conclude that CD24 expression impedes MDSC expansion and function, and thus slows oral cancer oncogenesis. This study is the first to examine the role of CD24 in a de novo oral cancer model, and it highlights the need to consider the immune regulatory roles of CD24 in the development of CD24-targeted therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline W Fugle
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Feng Hong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Shaoli Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Saleh Rachidi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Garret-Mayer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Keith Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, SC, USA
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9
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Terzi HA, Demiray T, Koroglu M, Cakmak G, Hakki Ciftci I, Ozbek A, Altindis M. Intra-Abdominal Abscess and Primary Peritonitis Caused by Streptococcus anginosus. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e33863. [PMID: 27630763 PMCID: PMC5011413 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.33863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Streptococcus anginosus group of bacteria are low-virulence bacteria existing as commensals in the oral flora and gastrointestinal tracts of humans. S. anginosus may spread to the blood in individuals with poor oral hygiene in cases of oral infections, such as gingivitis and tooth abscesses, that develop following the loss of mucosal unity. This may lead to infections in the whole body, primarily as brain and liver abscesses. Case Presentation A 32-year-old male patient presented with complaints of nausea, vomiting, and diffuse abdominal pain. Diffuse abdominal tenderness and rebound tenderness were detected particularly in the epigastrium and right upper quadrant. Laboratory assessment revealed a leukocyte count of 20,500/mm3. Free fluid around the liver and heterogeneous areas of abscess formation in the right lateral gallbladder were revealed on abdominal computed tomography. Diffuse adhesions between the bowel and seropurulent free liquid in the abdomen were detected on surgical exploration, and a sample was taken for cultures. The patient was discharged without complications on the sixth postoperative day and his antibiotic course was completed with 4 weeks of oral treatment. We reviewed the literature for similar cases of disseminated pyogenic infections caused by the S. anginosus group. Conclusions It should be kept in mind that the oral flora bacterium S. anginosus may cause transient bacteremia and deep-seated organ abscesses in immunodeficient patients with poor oral hygiene. Such patients with intra-abdominal abscesses should be treated with antibiotics and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Agah Terzi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
- Corresponding author: Huseyin Agah Terzi, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey. Tel: +90-5364628654, Fax: +90-2642759192, E-mail:
| | - Tayfur Demiray
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Koroglu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Guner Cakmak
- Department of General Surgery, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Hakki Ciftci
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozbek
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Altindis
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
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Zuckerman MJ, Jia Y, Hernandez JA, Kolli VR, Norte A, Amin H, Casner NA, Dwivedi A, Ho H. A Prospective Randomized Study on the Risk of Bacteremia in Banding versus Sclerotherapy of Esophageal Varices. Front Med (Lausanne) 2016; 3:16. [PMID: 27200352 PMCID: PMC4852182 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal variceal banding may be less likely to cause bacteremia than sclerotherapy. The existing data about the frequency of bacteremia after esophageal variceal banding are conflicting, and few studies include both banding and sclerotherapy. Aims We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to compare the frequency of bacteremia after esophageal variceal banding and sclerotherapy. Methods Over a 2-year period, patients with liver disease admitted for upper gastrointestinal bleeding or for outpatient elective variceal therapy were enrolled. New patients were randomized preprocedure to either banding or sclerotherapy, and subsequent sessions utilized the initial procedure. The groups consisted of banding, sclerotherapy, and endoscopy without variceal therapy. Subjects underwent endoscopy by one out of three gastroenterologists. Blood cultures were obtained 5 min before and 30 min after endoscopy to check for bacteremia. Results Postendoscopic blood cultures were positive following 4 out of 139 (2.9%) sessions: 1 sclerotherapy and 3 control sessions. All postendoscopic positive blood cultures were found following emergency sessions (4/92, 4.3%). One pre-endoscopic blood culture was positive in a patient with emergency banding. The rates of positive postendoscopic blood cultures among groups with emergency banding (0/22, 0%), emergency sclerotherapy (1/41, 2.3%), and emergency control (3/29, 10.3%) were not significantly different. Postendoscopic positive blood cultures were not found after elective sessions with either banding or sclerotherapy. Conclusions Postendoscopic bacteremia was infrequent following emergency endoscopy in patients with esophageal variceal bleeding. Bacteremia was not found after esophageal variceal banding, although this was not significantly less frequent than after sclerotherapy. Postendoscopic bacteremia was not associated with elective variceal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Zuckerman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, Texas , USA
| | - Yi Jia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, Texas , USA
| | - Jesus A Hernandez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, Texas , USA
| | - Venkateswara R Kolli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, Texas , USA
| | - Arturo Norte
- Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, Texas , USA
| | - Hemal Amin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, Texas , USA
| | - Nancy A Casner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, Texas , USA
| | - Alok Dwivedi
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, Texas , USA
| | - Hoi Ho
- Division of Infectious Disease, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , El Paso, Texas , USA
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11
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The Role of Bacteria in Cancer Development. Infect Agent Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5955-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Pushalkar S, Ji X, Li Y, Estilo C, Yegnanarayana R, Singh B, Li X, Saxena D. Comparison of oral microbiota in tumor and non-tumor tissues of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:144. [PMID: 22817758 PMCID: PMC3507910 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial infections have been linked to malignancies due to their ability to induce chronic inflammation. We investigated the association of oral bacteria in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC/tumor) tissues and compared with adjacent non-tumor mucosa sampled 5 cm distant from the same patient (n = 10). By using culture-independent 16S rRNA approaches, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and cloning and sequencing, we assessed the total bacterial diversity in these clinical samples. RESULTS DGGE fingerprints showed variations in the band intensity profiles within non-tumor and tumor tissues of the same patient and among the two groups. The clonal analysis indicated that from a total of 1200 sequences characterized, 80 bacterial species/phylotypes were detected representing six phyla, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria and uncultivated TM7 in non-tumor and tumor libraries. In combined library, 12 classes, 16 order, 26 families and 40 genera were observed. Bacterial species, Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus gordonii, Gemella haemolysans, Gemella morbillorum, Johnsonella ignava and Streptococcus parasanguinis I were highly associated with tumor site where as Granulicatella adiacens was prevalent at non-tumor site. Streptococcus intermedius was present in 70% of both non-tumor and tumor sites. CONCLUSIONS The underlying changes in the bacterial diversity in the oral mucosal tissues from non-tumor and tumor sites of OSCC subjects indicated a shift in bacterial colonization. These most prevalent or unique bacterial species/phylotypes present in tumor tissues may be associated with OSCC and needs to be further investigated with a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Pushalkar
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E, 24th Street, Room 921B, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Xiaojie Ji
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E, 24th Street, Room 921B, New York, NY, 10010, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of NYU, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yihong Li
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E, 24th Street, Room 921B, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Cherry Estilo
- Dental Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramanathan Yegnanarayana
- Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bhuvanesh Singh
- Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E, 24th Street, Room 921B, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E, 24th Street, Room 921B, New York, NY, 10010, USA
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Takala H, Kauppila JH, Soini Y, Selander KS, Vuopala KS, Lehenkari PP, Saarnio J, Karttunen TJ. Toll-like receptor 9 is a novel biomarker for esophageal squamous cell dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma progression. J Innate Immun 2011; 3:631-8. [PMID: 21876325 DOI: 10.1159/000329115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been linked to invasion in various cancer cells in vitro. We investigated TLR9 expression in normal, dysplastic and malignant esophageal squamous epithelium. METHODS TLR9 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 46 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, including 12 cases with adjacent squamous dysplasia and 24 cases with normal esophageal epithelium. TLR9 expression was compared with tumor grade, stage, proliferation, apoptosis and vascular density. RESULTS In normal esophageal squamous epithelium, TLR9 staining intensity decreased linearly from the basal layers to the superficial layers (p < 0.001). Strong TLR9 expression was detected across full thickness of high-grade dysplasia, the intensity clearly differing from the normal squamous epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma (p < 0.001). All squamous cell carcinomas exhibited TLR9 expression that was positively associated with a high grade (p < 0.05), the presence of lymph node metastases (p < 0.05) and previously undetected distant metastases (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Expression of TLR9 in the basal parts of normal esophageal epithelium suggests a role related to cell proliferation and differentation. TLR9 upregulation detected in dysplastic epithelium and in disseminated carcinomas indicates that this protein may serve as a novel marker for esophageal squamous dysplasia and carcinoma with metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Takala
- Department of Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Amaral CDSF, da Silva-Boghossian CM, Leão ATT, Colombo APV. Evaluation of the subgingival microbiota of alcoholic and non-alcoholic individuals. J Dent 2011; 39:729-38. [PMID: 21864643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of the subgingival microbiota of alcoholic and non-alcoholic individuals. METHODS The study was conducted with 49 alcoholic and 49 non-alcoholic males of the Philippe Pinel Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The subjects were selected by convenience and two criteria were used to diagnose alcohol dependence: the CAGE (cut-down, annoyed, guilt, eyes-opener) questionnaire and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (WHO). Subgingival biofilm samples were obtained from 4 sites, 2 with probing depth (PD) ≥ 4 mm and 2 sites with PD < 4 mm. The presence and levels of 45 bacterial taxa were analysed using the checkerboard technique. RESULTS The prevalence of bacterial species was not significantly different between groups. However, alcoholics showed significantly higher mean counts of Aggregactibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis (adjusted p < 0.001). Moreover, alcoholics harboured significantly higher mean levels of Capnocytophaga sputigena, Fusobacterium nucleatum vincentii, F. nuc. nucleatum, Gemella morbillorum, Neisseria mucosa, P. gingivalis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Tannerella forsythia at sites with PD < 4 mm or ≥ 4 mm compared to non-alcoholics (p ≤ 0.001). Of interest, shallow sites of alcoholics presented significantly higher mean levels of F. nuc. vincentii, F. nuc nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythia than sites with PD ≥ 4 mm of non-alcoholics (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Alcoholics and non-alcoholics present a diverse and complex microbiota; however, alcoholics harbour significantly higher levels of periodontopathic species in the subgingival microbiota than non-alcoholics.
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Abstract
There are very few data linking infectious agents and esophageal cancer. There are conflicting data for some viruses, notably human papillomavirus, but very few data for bacteria, parasites, fungi, or yeast. Esophageal cancer is increasing in Western countries and the reasons for this remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy D Eslick
- The Whiteley-Martin Research Centre, Discipline of Surgery, Nepean Hospital, The University of Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
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Kim KH, Kim SH, Heo JW, Lee SH, Han SS, Lee SJ, Kim WJ. A Case of Massive Empyema Caused by Streptococcus constellatusand Anaerobic Bacteria for Mental Retardation. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2011.71.6.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National Univsersity School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Se-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National Univsersity School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National Univsersity School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National Univsersity School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seon-Sook Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National Univsersity School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seoung-Joon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National Univsersity School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National Univsersity School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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Jin L, Hinde K, Tao L. Species diversity and relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria in the milk of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). J Med Primatol 2010; 40:52-8. [PMID: 20946146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2010.00450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mother's milk is a source of bacteria that influences the development of the infant commensal gut microbiota. To date, the species diversity and relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria in the milk of non-human primates have not been described. METHODS Milk samples were aseptically obtained from 54 female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at peak lactation. Following GM17 and MRS agar plating, single bacterial colonies were isolated based on difference in morphotypes, then grouped based on whole-cell protein profiles on SDS-PAGE. Bacterial DNA was isolated and the sequence the 16S rRNA gene was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 106 strains of 19 distinct bacterial species, belonging to five genera, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Streptococcus, were identified. CONCLUSIONS Maternal gut and oral commensal bacteria may be translocated to the mammary gland during lactation and present in milk. This pathway can be an important source of commensal bacteria to the infant gut and oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jin
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hooper SJ, Wilson MJ, Crean SJ. Exploring the link between microorganisms and oral cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Head Neck 2009; 31:1228-39. [PMID: 19475550 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cases of oral cancer have been related to tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption. However, the incidence of oral cavity carcinoma appears to be increasing in many parts of the world in a manner that it is difficult to explain with traditional risk factors alone. Meanwhile, interest in the possible relationships between microorganisms and the different stages of cancer development has been rising and numerous mechanisms by which bacteria and yeast may initiate or promote carcinogenesis are currently under investigation. In particular, a persuasive body of evidence suggests a possible etiological role involving the metabolism and production of carcinogenic products, such as acetaldehyde. Other suggested mechanisms include the induction of chronic inflammation and direct interference with eukaryotic cell cycle and signaling pathways. This review aims to summarize the known associations between microbial infection and cancer and draw attention to how they may relate to oral carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Hooper
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, United Kingdom.
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Ahn HD, Park JC, Seo JG, Kim JY, Kim SY, Park YS, Seo YH, Cho YK. A Case of Vertebral Osteomyelitis with Spinal Epidural Abscess Caused by Streptococcus constellatus. Infect Chemother 2008. [DOI: 10.3947/ic.2008.40.5.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dae Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae Chan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jong Goo Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sue-Yun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yiel-Hae Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
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Han WJ, Cho MS, Lee JH, Ahn HD, Yoon KH, Seo JG, Kim JY, Kim SY, Park YS, Seo YH, Cho YK. A Case of Humeral Osteomyelitis and Soft Tissue Abscess Accompanied with Streptococcus anginosus Bacteremia. Infect Chemother 2008. [DOI: 10.3947/ic.2008.40.5.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Moon Sook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hong-Dae Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jong Goo Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sue-Yun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yiel-Hae Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
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