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Abstract
There is a crucial need for platelet transfusion during an emergency-surgery and treatment of platelet disorders. The unavailability of donors has furthermore increased the demand for platelet storage. Platelets have limited shelf life due to bacterial contamination and storage lesions. Temperature, materials, oxygen availability, media, platelet processing and manufacturing methods influence the platelet quality and viability during storage. The conception of various platelet additive solutions along with the advent of plastic storage during the 1980s led to enormous developments in platelet storage strategies. Cold storage of platelets gained attention despite its inability to contribute to platelet survival post-transfusion as it offers faster haemostasis. Several developments in platelet storage strategies over the years have improved the quality and shelf-life of stored platelets. Despite the progress, the efficacy of platelets during storage beyond a week has not been achieved. Antioxidants as additives have been explored in platelet storage and have proven to enhance the efficacy of platelets during prolonged storage. However, the molecular interactions of antioxidants in platelets can provide a better understanding of their mechanism of action. Optimization of dosage concentrations of antioxidants is also a critical parameter to be considered as they tend to exhibit toxicity at certain levels. This review provides comprehensive insights into the critical factors affecting platelet storage and the evolution of platelet storage. It also emphasizes the role of antioxidants as additives in platelet storage solutions and their future prospects towards better platelet banking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani Rajashekaraiah
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), #34, 1st Cross, JC Road, Bengaluru, 560027, India.
| | - Magdaline Christina Rajanand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), #34, 1st Cross, JC Road, Bengaluru, 560027, India
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2
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Chowdhry M, Agrawal S, Prakash B, Thakur UK, Mishra M. Platelet additive solution suspended apheresis platelets in a tertiary care hospital: A step toward universal single donor platelets. Asian J Transfus Sci 2022; 16:238-244. [PMID: 36687537 PMCID: PMC9855201 DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_145_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion of ABO-compatible single donor platelets (SDP) is preferable for better outcomes over group switchover SDP. The use of SDP containing ABO-incompatible plasma is associated with a risk of allergic and acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. Moreover, high titer O group donors SDP impose a further threat to patient safety. Platelet additive solution (PAS) is used worldwide for the storage of platelets which reduces plasma volume available in SDP. SSP + (Macopharma) is one such PAS which can provide improved availability, logistical management, decrease wastage, and improvement in patient safety. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using PAS to obtain low titer SDP units which can be utilized across a larger patient population and to study quality control parameters of these units. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed in the department of Transfusion Medicine from June 2017 to January 2018 after clearance from the Institutional Review Board. The study design comprised two cohorts (A and B). In cohort A, the temporal trend of in-vitro changes in the quality parameters was tested and analyzed for PAS modified and unmodified products on days 1, 5 and 7. In cohort B, the original plasma from the SDP donors of all blood group donors except the AB group was tested for antibody titers before (prepreparation) and after modification (postpreparation) by PAS. RESULTS In cohort A, in the control group, there was a significant change in the mean platelet volume, potassium, and bicarbonate levels from day 1 to day 7, whereas no significant change in the biochemical parameters was noted in the study group where PAS was used. In cohort B, on comparing the anti-A and anti-B, before and after modification of SDP with PAS, there was a significant reduction in the median titers across all the groups studied. CONCLUSION PAS added SDP is an efficient strategy to reduce the ABO-antibody levels significantly. PAS added SDP also helps in the better inventory management of available groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Chowdhry
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Soma Agrawal
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Bindu Prakash
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Uday Kumar Thakur
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Mishra
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
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3
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Basu D, Basu S, Radhakrishnan VS, Bhattacharya S, Chakraborty S, Sinha S, Chandy M. Comparison of Quality and Efficacy of Apheresis Platelets Stored in Platelet Additive Solution Vis a Vis Plasma. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2021; 37:648-657. [PMID: 34744347 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-021-01408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PAS, by replacing part of the plasma in the platelet storage bag, reduces post transfusion allergic reactions and DHTR in the recipient. In this study we compared quality and efficacy of PAS and usual plasma stored platelets. Platelet concentration, content, MPV, pH, swirling, LDH and glucose concentration were tested in SDPs after preparation and on the day of transfusion; and compared between control (plasma-stored SDP) and study (PAS-stored SDP) groups. CCI was compared between the two groups. Transfusion reactions were also noted. In both groups quality parameters were similar except glucose [significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in plasma] and LDH [increased significantly (p: -0.005) in PAS]. CCI was similar in both groups. Transfusion reaction rate were 0.012% and 0.049% in both groups respectively. Quality and post-transfusion efficacy in both groups were similar. PAS stored platelets may be transfused in multi-transfused patients with allergic manifestations and in minor ABO incompatible transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya Basu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tata Medical Center, 14 Middle Arterial Road (EW), Rajarhat, New Town, Kolkata, 700160 India
| | - Sabita Basu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tata Medical Center, 14 Middle Arterial Road (EW), Rajarhat, New Town, Kolkata, 700160 India
| | - Vivek S Radhakrishnan
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Tata Medical Center, 14 Middle Arterial Road (EW), Rajarhat, New Town, Kolkata, 700160 India
| | - Sanjay Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Medical Center, 14 Middle Arterial Road (EW), Rajarhat, New Town, Kolkata, 700160 India
| | - Subhosmito Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry, Tata Medical Center, 14 Middle Arterial Road (EW), Rajarhat, New Town, Kolkata, 700160 India
| | - Subir Sinha
- Department of Statistics, Tata Medical Center, 14 Middle Arterial Road (EW), Rajarhat, New Town, Kolkata, 700160 India
| | - Mammen Chandy
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Tata Medical Center, 14 Middle Arterial Road (EW), Rajarhat, New Town, Kolkata, 700160 India
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4
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Mikaelsdottir M, Vidarsson B, Runarsson G, Bjarnadottir U, Onundarson PT, Sigurjonsson OE, Halldorsdottir AM. A comparison of platelet quality between platelets from healthy donors and hereditary hemochromatosis donors over seven-day storage. Transfusion 2020; 61:202-211. [PMID: 33166431 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic phlebotomy is the standard treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), the most common genetic disease in people of Northern European descent. Red cell concentrates from HH donors have been reported safe for transfusion, but little data is available on the storage properties of platelet concentrates from HH donors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Whole blood was collected from 10 healthy individuals and 10 newly diagnosed HH patients with elevated serum ferritin. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared and split into four 20-mL units. Platelet quality tests were performed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 of storage, including platelet aggregation (ADP, arachidonic acid, collagen, and epinephrine agonists), blood gas analysis, flow cytometry (CD41, CD42b, and CD62P expression), and ELISA (sCD40L and sCD62p in supernatant). RESULTS Mean serum ferritin levels were higher in HH patients than in controls (847.5 vs 45.8 ng/mL, P < .001). Overall, no difference in quality test results was observed between the two study groups over 7-day storage (P > .05), including blood gas analysis, platelet aggregation, and expression of surface (CD62p and CD42b) and secreted (sCD62P and sCD40L) activation markers. Expected alterations in metabolic (CO2 and glucose decrease, O2 and lactate increase, P < .001) and platelet activation markers (CD42b decrease, CD62P increase, P < .05) over time were observed in both groups. CONCLUSION Although these findings indicate that platelets of individuals with HH are comparable to platelets from healthy donors, more extensive studies are needed before definite conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brynjar Vidarsson
- Department of Hematology, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Runarsson
- Department of Hematology, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Una Bjarnadottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pall T Onundarson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Hematology, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olafur E Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anna M Halldorsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,The Blood Bank, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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McLean C, McMillan L, Petrik J, Fraser AR, Morrison A. Cryopreserved platelets and their suitability in being re‐suspended in additive solution. Vox Sang 2020; 115:676-685. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin McLean
- Department of Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics Jack Copland Centre Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Edinburgh UK
| | - Loraine McMillan
- Department of Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics Jack Copland Centre Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Edinburgh UK
| | - Juraj Petrik
- Department of Microbiology Jack Copland Centre Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Edinburgh UK
| | - Alasdair R. Fraser
- Department of Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics Jack Copland Centre Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Edinburgh UK
| | - Alex Morrison
- Department of Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics Jack Copland Centre Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Edinburgh UK
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Wu YW, Huang CC, Changou CA, Lu LS, Goubran H, Burnouf T. Clinical-grade cryopreserved doxorubicin-loaded platelets: role of cancer cells and platelet extracellular vesicles activation loop. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:45. [PMID: 32200762 PMCID: PMC7087392 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human platelets (PLT) and PLT-extracellular vesicles (PEV) released upon thrombin activation express receptors that interact with tumour cells and, thus, can serve as a delivery platform of anti-cancer agents. Drug-loaded nanoparticles coated with PLT membranes were demonstrated to have improved targeting efficiency to tumours, but remain impractical for clinical translation. PLT and PEV targeted drug delivery vehicles should facilitate clinical developments if clinical-grade procedures can be developed. Methods PLT from therapeutic-grade PLT concentrate (PC; N > 50) were loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and stored at − 80 °C (DOX-loaded PLT) with 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (cryopreserved DOX-loaded PLT). Surface markers and function of cryopreserved DOX-loaded PLT was confirmed by Western blot and thromboelastography, respectively. The morphology of fresh and cryopreserved naïve and DOX-loaded PLT was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The content of tissue factor-expressing cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (TF-EV) present in conditioned medium (CM) of breast cancer cells cultures was measured. The drug release by fresh and cryopreserved DOX-loaded PLT triggered by various pH and CM was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The thrombin activated PEV was analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis. The cellular uptake of DOX from PLT was observed by deconvolution microscopy. The cytotoxicities of DOX-loaded PLT, cryopreserved DOX-loaded PLT, DOX and liposomal DOX on breast, lung and colon cancer cells were analyzed by CCK-8 assay. Results 15~36 × 106 molecules of DOX could be loaded in each PLT within 3 to 9 days after collection. The characterization and bioreactivity of cryopreserved DOX-loaded PLT were preserved, as evidenced by (a) microscopic observations, (b) preservation of important PLT membrane markers CD41, CD61, protease activated receptor-1, (c) functional activity, (d) reactivity to TF-EV, and (e) efficient generation of PEV upon thrombin activation. The transfer of DOX from cryopreserved PLT to cancer cells was achieved within 90 min, and stimulated by TF-EV and low pH. The cryopreserved DOX-loaded PLT formulation was 7~23-times more toxic to three cancer cells than liposomal DOX. Conclusions Cryopreserved DOX-loaded PLT can be prepared under clinically compliant conditions preserving the membrane functionality for anti-cancer therapy. These findings open perspectives for translational applications of PLT-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chain Huang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun Austin Changou
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Center for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sheng Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,International PhD Program in Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hadi Goubran
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,International PhD Program in Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Braathen H, Sivertsen J, Lunde THF, Kristoffersen EK, Assmus J, Hervig TA, Strandenes G, Apelseth TO. In vitro quality and platelet function of cold and delayed cold storage of apheresis platelet concentrates in platelet additive solution for 21 days. Transfusion 2019; 59:2652-2661. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Braathen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Joar Sivertsen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Turid Helen Felli Lunde
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Einar Klæboe Kristoffersen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Jörg Assmus
- Department of Research and Development Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Tor Audun Hervig
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Geir Strandenes
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Medical Services Norwegian Armed Forces Sessvollmoen Norway
| | - Torunn Oveland Apelseth
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
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8
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Reddoch-Cardenas KM, Sharma U, Salgado CL, Montgomery RK, Cantu C, Cingoz N, Bryant R, Darlington DN, Pidcoke HF, Kamucheka RM, Cap AP. An in vitro pilot study of apheresis platelets collected on Trima Accel system and stored in T-PAS+ solution at refrigeration temperature (1-6°C). Transfusion 2019; 59:1789-1798. [PMID: 30725491 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using platelet additive solution (PAS) to dilute fibrinogen during long-term cold storage of platelets (PLTs) decreases PLT activation and increases functional PLT shelf life. We performed a randomized, paired study to assess the in vitro quality of PLTs stored in the cold in T-PAS+ for up to 18 days evaluated against PLTs stored under currently allowable conditions (5-day room temperature-stored PLTs [RTP] and 3-day cold-stored PLTs [CSP]). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PLTs were collected from healthy volunteers (n = 10) and diluted to 65% T-PAS+/35% plasma before cold storage. Double-dose apheresis PLTs (in 100% plasma) were collected from the same donors and split into two bags (one bag RTP, one bag CSP). All bags were sampled on the day of collection (Day 0). CSP and RTP bags were sampled on Days 3 and 5, respectively. T-PAS+ samples were assessed on Days 3, 5, 14, 16, and 18 of storage for metabolism, hemostatic function, and activation. RESULTS After 18 days of storage in T-PAS+, pH was 6.71 ± 0.04, PLT count was comparable to Day 3 CSP, PLT function (aggregation and clot strength) was comparable to Day 5 RTP, and PLT activation was significantly increased. CONCLUSION Refrigerated PLTs stored in T-PAS+ for 18 days met FDA pH standards. Functional metrics suggest activity of T-PAS+-stored PLTs and the potential to contribute to hemostasis throughout 18 days of storage. Extending the shelf life of PLTs would increase access to hemostatic resuscitation for bleeding patients in military and civilian settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Reddoch-Cardenas
- Coagulation and Blood Research Program, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Umang Sharma
- Coagulation and Blood Research Program, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Christi L Salgado
- Coagulation and Blood Research Program, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | | | - Carolina Cantu
- Coagulation and Blood Research Program, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Neslihan Cingoz
- Coagulation and Blood Research Program, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Ron Bryant
- Coagulation and Blood Research Program, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel N Darlington
- Coagulation and Blood Research Program, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | | | - Robin M Kamucheka
- Coagulation and Blood Research Program, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew P Cap
- Coagulation and Blood Research Program, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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9
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Marini I, Aurich K, Jouni R, Nowak-Harnau S, Hartwich O, Greinacher A, Thiele T, Bakchoul T. Cold storage of platelets in additive solution: the impact of residual plasma in apheresis platelet concentrates. Haematologica 2018; 104:207-214. [PMID: 30115655 PMCID: PMC6312032 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.195057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet transfusion has become essential therapy in modern medicine. Although the clinical advantage of platelet transfusion has been well established, adverse reactions upon transfusion, especially transmission of bacterial infection, still represent a major challenge. While bacterial contamination is favored by the storage of platelets at room temperature, cold storage may represent a solution for this important clinical issue. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether plasma has protective or detrimental effects on cold-stored platelets. We investigated the impact of different residual plasma contents in apheresis-derived platelet concentrates, stored at 4°C or room temperature, on platelet function and survival. We found that platelets stored at 4°C have higher expression of apoptosis marker compared to platelets stored at room temperature, leading to accelerated clearance from the circulation in a humanized animal model. While cold-induced apoptosis was independent of the residual plasma concentration, cold storage was associated with better adhesive properties and higher response to activators. Interestingly, delta (δ) granule-related functions, such as ADP-mediated aggregation and CD63 release, were better preserved at 4°C, especially in 100% plasma. An extended study to assess cold-stored platelet concentrates produced under standard care Good Manufacturing Practice conditions showed that platelet function, metabolism and integrity were better compared to those stored at room temperature. Taken together, our results show that residual plasma concentration does not have a cardinal impact on the cold storage lesions of apheresis-derived platelet concentrates and indicate that the current generation of additive solutions represent suitable substitutes for plasma to store platelets at 4°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Marini
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen
| | - Konstanze Aurich
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rabie Jouni
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen
| | - Stefanie Nowak-Harnau
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen
| | - Oliver Hartwich
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Thiele
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen .,Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany
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10
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Systems analysis of metabolism in platelet concentrates during storage in platelet additive solution. Biochem J 2018; 475:2225-2240. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets (PLTs) deteriorate over time when stored within blood banks through a biological process known as PLT storage lesion (PSL). Here, we describe the refinement of the biochemical model of PLT metabolism, iAT-PLT-636, and its application to describe and investigate changes in metabolism during PLT storage. Changes in extracellular acetate and citrate were measured in buffy coat and apheresis PLT units over 10 days of storage in the PLT additive solution T-Sol. Metabolic network analysis of these data was performed alongside our prior metabolomics data to describe the metabolism of fresh (days 1–3), intermediate (days 4–6), and expired (days 7–10) PLTs. Changes in metabolism were studied by comparing metabolic model flux predictions of iAT-PLT-636 between stages and between collection methods. Extracellular acetate and glucose contribute most to central carbon metabolism in PLTs. The anticoagulant citrate is metabolized in apheresis-stored PLTs and is converted into aconitate and, to a lesser degree, malate. The consumption of nutrients changes during storage and reflects altered PLT activation profiles following their collection. Irrespective of the collection method, a slowdown in oxidative phosphorylation takes place, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction during PSL. Finally, the main contributors to intracellular ammonium and NADPH are highlighted. Future optimization of flux through these pathways provides opportunities to address intracellular pH changes and reactive oxygen species, which are both of importance to PSL. The metabolic models provide descriptions of PLT metabolism at steady state and represent a platform for future PLT metabolic research.
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11
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Acker JP, Marks DC, Sheffield WP. Quality Assessment of Established and Emerging Blood Components for Transfusion. JOURNAL OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION 2016; 2016:4860284. [PMID: 28070448 PMCID: PMC5192317 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4860284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood is donated either as whole blood, with subsequent component processing, or through the use of apheresis devices that extract one or more components and return the rest of the donation to the donor. Blood component therapy supplanted whole blood transfusion in industrialized countries in the middle of the twentieth century and remains the standard of care for the majority of patients receiving a transfusion. Traditionally, blood has been processed into three main blood products: red blood cell concentrates; platelet concentrates; and transfusable plasma. Ensuring that these products are of high quality and that they deliver their intended benefits to patients throughout their shelf-life is a complex task. Further complexity has been added with the development of products stored under nonstandard conditions or subjected to additional manufacturing steps (e.g., cryopreserved platelets, irradiated red cells, and lyophilized plasma). Here we review established and emerging methodologies for assessing blood product quality and address controversies and uncertainties in this thriving and active field of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Acker
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Denese C. Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William P. Sheffield
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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12
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Hosseini E, Ghasemzadeh M, Nassaji F, Jamaat ZP. GPVI modulation during platelet activation and storage: its expression levels and ectodomain shedding compared to markers of platelet storage lesion. Platelets 2016; 28:498-508. [PMID: 27778530 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1235692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Platelet storage is associated with deleterious changes leading to the loss of platelet reactivity and response. During storage, platelets experience increased expression and shedding of P-selectin and CD40L as specific markers of platelet activation, whereas GPIbα decreases due to ectodomain shedding. As an important adhesive receptor, GPVI contributes significantly to thrombus formation while its expression and shedding levels during storage of platelet products have not been well characterized yet. This study investigated the modulation of GPVI during platelet storage. For this study, samples obtained from 10 PRP-platelet concentrates (PCs) were subjected to flow-cytometry analysis to examine the expression of platelet activation markers and GPVI on days 1, 3, and 5 post-storage. To examine the levels of etcodomain shedding of these molecules, microparticle (MP)-free supernatants were also analyzed by either ELISA or Western blot methods. According to results, the expression levels of P-selectin and CD40L as well as the amounts of their soluble forms significantly increased during storage. The expression of GPIbα and GPVI decreased whereas their shedding significantly increased post-storage. The expression and shedding levels of these two receptors were significantly correlated. Negative correlations between the expressions of GPIbα or GPVI and P-selectin have been observed whereas their shedding levels were significantly relevant together. In a control study, the use of biotinylated platelet resuspended in Tyrode's buffer in the presence of ionophore with/without EDTA, confirmed the role of calcium in receptors shedding. In citrated PRP-PCs, recalcification of platelets also enhanced shedding levels of both GPIbα and GPVI. Intriguingly, the shedding levels of GPVI in stored PRP-PCs were much higher than those of ionophore-treated controls obtained from washed platelets. The ratios of sGPVI in stored platelet to ionophore-treated controls were also at least six times higher than those of GPIbα during storage. In conclusion, here we showed significant decreases of GPVI expression associated with its increasing levels of shedding during storage, suggesting GPVI as a valid marker of platelet storage lesion. Importantly, we found higher levels of GPVI shedding in stored platelets than those of ionophore-treated non-stored control samples. This suggests whereas platelet receptor shedding is mainly modulated by calcium-dependent signals, either platelet-surface interactions with the container walls during storage or induced shear stress under long-term agitation, might be also involved in the excessive shedding of GPVI during the storage of PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- a Blood Transfusion Research Center , High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- a Blood Transfusion Research Center , High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran , Iran.,b Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Fatemeh Nassaji
- a Blood Transfusion Research Center , High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zeynab Pirmohammad Jamaat
- a Blood Transfusion Research Center , High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran , Iran
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Johnson L, Schubert P, Tan S, Devine DV, Marks DC. Extended storage and glucose exhaustion are associated with apoptotic changes in platelets stored in additive solution. Transfusion 2015; 56:360-8. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey Johnson
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney Australia
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Peter Schubert
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Shereen Tan
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney Australia
| | - Dana V. Devine
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Denese C. Marks
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney Australia
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Gravemann U, Volgmann T, Min K, Philipp R, Lambrecht B, Müller TH, Seltsam A. In vitro variables of buffy coat-derived platelet concentrates with residual plasma of down to 10% are stably maintained in new-generation platelet additive solutions. Transfusion 2015; 55:1700-9. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ute Gravemann
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Institute Springe; Springe Germany
| | - Thorsten Volgmann
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Institute Springe; Springe Germany
| | | | | | - Bernd Lambrecht
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Institute Springe; Springe Germany
| | - Thomas H. Müller
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Institute Springe; Springe Germany
| | - Axel Seltsam
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Institute Springe; Springe Germany
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In vitro evaluation of platelet concentrates suspended in additive solution and treated for pathogen reduction: effects of clumping formation. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 13:281-6. [PMID: 25369589 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0162-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet concentrates may demonstrate visual, macroscopic clumps immediately after collection following aphaeresis or production from whole blood, independently of the preparation method or equipment used. The relationship between the occurrence of clumping and their effect on in vitro quality of platelets was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Platelet concentrates, suspended in SSP+ additive solution (Macopharma), were obtained by automated processing and also from routine processing. A total of twelve units were allocated to the test group (n=12) due to the presence of clumps. Platelet concentrates without clumps were used as controls (n=10). All platelet units were treated for pathogen reduction following storage under continuous agitation for in vitro testing over a 9-day storage period. RESULTS No significant differences were found throughout storage between the groups. The lactate dehydrogenase levels increased in both groups; this increase was higher in the test group on the last day of testing, without there being a significant difference on day 2. In contrast, pH values on day 2 were significantly different between the test and control groups. Platelet-derived cytokines increased comparably during storage. DISCUSSION The results confirm good in vitro quality and storage stability of platelets suspended in SSP+ and treated with the Intercept pathogen reduction system. The presence of "non-compacted" clumps in platelet concentrates does not appear to affect the in vitro quality of the platelets.
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Jilma-Stohlawetz P, Mannhalter C, Kaider A, Waidacher T, Jilma B, Panzer S. The association of the Thr715Pro P-selectin genotype with levels of P-selectin in platelet concentrates. Vox Sang 2014; 107:368-74. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Jilma-Stohlawetz
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Mannhalter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - A. Kaider
- Section for Clinical Biometrics; Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - T. Waidacher
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - B. Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Panzer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Heaton WA. Costs and benefits of PAS platelets: a mix of science, quality, and value. Transfusion 2014; 53:2597-602. [PMID: 24580646 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wm Andrew Heaton
- Transfusion Medicine, Hofstra School of Medicine, NSLIJ Health System, Manhasset, NY.
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Saunders C, Rowe G, Wilkins K, Collins P. Impact of glucose and acetate on the characteristics of the platelet storage lesion in platelets suspended in additive solutions with minimal plasma. Vox Sang 2013; 105:1-10. [PMID: 23347286 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Glucose and acetate have been proposed to be required elements in platelet storage media. This study investigated the role of these compounds on the varied elements that comprise the platelet storage lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS For each replicate, four pooled and split ABO group-specific buffy coat-derived platelet concentrates were suspended in an in-house additive solution with minimal plasma and varying final concentrations of acetate or glucose. Units were sampled on days 2, 3, 6, 8 and 10 and tested for markers of platelet morphology, activation, function, metabolism and indicators of cell death. RESULTS The absence of glucose was associated with a decrease in ATP, falling to a mean of 1·1 ± 0·1 μmol/10(11) plts in units with no added glucose compared with 4·2 ± 0·6 μmol/10(11) plts (P < 0·001) in units with 30 mm glucose. As glucose became depleted, the decrease in ATP to levels below 3 μmol/10(11) plts was associated with an increase in both annexin V binding and intracellular free calcium. In units lacking exogenous acetate, ATP levels on day 10 were 5·2 ± 1·5 μmol/10(11) plts compared with 2·7 ± 0·9 μmol/10(11) plts in units with 56 mm acetate (P = 0·006). Higher concentrations of exogenous acetate were associated with a lower hypotonic shock response and higher surface expression of CD62P suggestive of a dose dependency. CONCLUSION Under current physical storage conditions, glucose appears necessary for the maintenance of platelets stored as concentrates in minimal volumes of plasma. The addition of acetate was associated with increased platelet activation and reduced ATP levels.
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Johnson L, Reid S, Tan S, Vidovic D, Marks DC. PAS-G supports platelet reconstitution after cryopreservation in the absence of plasma. Transfusion 2013; 53:2268-77. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey Johnson
- Research and Development; The Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney; Australia
| | - Samantha Reid
- Research and Development; The Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney; Australia
| | - Shereen Tan
- Research and Development; The Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney; Australia
| | - Diana Vidovic
- Research and Development; The Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney; Australia
| | - Denese C. Marks
- Research and Development; The Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney; Australia
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Evaluation of platelet function during extended storage in additive solution, prepared in a new container that allows manual buffy-coat platelet pooling and leucoreduction in the same system. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2012; 10:480-9. [PMID: 22682335 DOI: 10.2450/2012.0112-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel and practical storage container designed for manual buffy-coat pooling and leucodepletion was evaluated to assess its filtration performance and to analyse the quality of stored leucoreduced buffy-coat-derived platelet pools. MATERIALS AND METHODS To analyse the grifols leucored transfer PL system, blood was collected from random donors into standard triple bag systems, and fractionated using standard procedures to obtain buffy-coats. Ten leucodepleted platelet pools were prepared each from five units of buffy-coats in additive solution. Concentrates were stored for 10 days at 22 °C on an end-over-end agitator. On days 0, 5, 7, and 10 of storage, samples were tested using standard in vitro platelet parameters. RESULTS The use of this novel system for volume reduction and leucodepletion of buffy-coats resuspended in additive solution led to platelet pools that met the European requirements. pH was maintained well, declining from an initial value of 7.11±0.04 to 6.88±0.08 after 10 days. Parameters of cell lysis, response to a hypotonic stimulus and aggregation induced by agonists (arachidonic acid, ristocetin, collagen or thrombin receptor activating peptide) were also well-preserved. During storage, the quality profile of the platelet pools remained very similar to that previously reported in platelet concentrates in terms of metabolism, platelet activation (CD62, CD63, sCD62), expression of glycoproteins Ib and IIb/IIIa, capacity of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa to become activated upon ADP stimulation, and release of biological response modifiers (sCD40L and RANTES). DISCUSSION This new system allows the preparation of leucodepleted buffy-coat platelet pools in additive solution with good preservation of platelet function. The logistics of the procedure are relatively simple and it results in good-quality components, which may reduce costs and ease the process of buffy-coat pooling and leucocyte reduction in transfusion services.
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Characteristics of the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets pathogen inactivation system – An update. Transfus Apher Sci 2012; 46:221-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Johnson L, Winter KM, Hartkopf-Theis T, Reid S, Kwok M, Marks DC. Evaluation of the automated collection and extended storage of apheresis platelets in additive solution. Transfusion 2011; 52:503-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Radwanski K, Wagner SJ, Skripchenko A, Min K. In vitro variables of apheresis platelets are stably maintained for 7 days with 5% residual plasma in a glucose and bicarbonate salt solution, PAS-5. Transfusion 2011; 52:188-94. [PMID: 21790624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet additive solutions (PASs) facilitate improved recovery of plasma and may reduce the severity and/or frequency of plasma-associated transfusion reactions. Current apheresis platelet (PLT) PAS products contain approximately 30 to 40% residual plasma. In an effort to further decrease the residual plasma, two in vitro studies were conducted with PLTs suspended in 5% plasma and a reformulated PAS-3, named PAS-5, that contains additional salts, glucose, and bicarbonate. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In Study 1, PLTs suspended in 5% plasma/95% PAS-5 were prepared directly on a separator (Amicus, Fenwal, Inc.) without additional centrifugation or washing. In Study 2, a double unit of hyperconcentrated Amicus PLTs in plasma was collected, divided, and centrifuged to prepare a control unit in 100% plasma and a paired test unit in 5% plasma/95% PAS-5. The in vitro properties of PLTs were assessed in both studies during 7-day storage at 20 to 24°C with continuous agitation. RESULTS In Study 1, PLT concentration, pH, mean PLT volume (MPV), HCO(3)(-), pCO(2), pO(2), lactate dehydrogenase, and hypotonic shock response (HSR) did not significantly change during storage. By Day 7, glucose levels and morphology scores modestly decreased (17.6 and 14.4%, respectively) and lactate levels modestly increased (to 7.2 mmol/L). In Study 2, MPV, pH, glucose, pO(2), HSR, and morphology were comparable in control and test PLTs during 7-day storage. Glucose consumption and lactate production were significantly less in test versus control PLTs (p≤0.0015). Extent of shape change and %CD62P-positive test PLTs were less than those of controls (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Apheresis PLTs suspended in 5% plasma/95% PAS-5 maintained in vitro properties during 7-day storage.
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Schubert P, Culibrk B, Coupland D, Levin E, Devine DV. Impact of sample volume and handling time during analysis on the in vitro quality measurements of platelet concentrates held in syringes. Int J Lab Hematol 2011; 33:579-85. [PMID: 21545688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2011.01327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The determination of quality parameters is a necessity for monitoring the efficacy of platelet concentrates. During consolidated quality control studies, there may be a large number of samples to be analyzed at the same time. This common workflow setup triggered the question whether there is an influence of the number of samples to be analyzed on the accuracy of the test results. METHODS Two different sample volumes of platelet concentrates, 1 ml and 50 ml, were analyzed for a set of standard in vitro parameters including pCO(2), pO(2), pH, glucose, and lactate as well as platelet activation via CD62P expression and responsiveness to adinosine diphosphate in an extent-of-shape-change assay. To assess apoptotic mechanisms triggered by the hold time, changes in the phosphatidylserine exposure were monitored. RESULTS In total, eleven time points were assessed over a 3-h period as well as an overnight point for assay evaluation. Except for pCO(2) and pO(2), all in vitro parameters analyzed were unaffected by a sample hold time of up to 3-h. CONCLUSION Sampling for pO(2) determination should be carried out in small volumes and assessed within 30 min of collection to obtain reliable and comparable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schubert
- Canadian Blood Services, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Tynngård N, Trinks M, Berlin G. In vitro quality of platelets during prolonged storage after washing with three platelet additive solutions. Vox Sang 2011; 102:32-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Platelet storage lesion (PSL), correlating with reduced in vivo recovery/survival and hemostatic capacity after transfusion, is characterized essentially by morphological and molecular evidence of platelet activation and energy consumption in the medium. Processes that limit shelf-life are multifactorial, and include both necrosis and apoptosis. PSL is greatly influenced by factors including duration of storage, temperature, ratio of platelet number to media volume, solution composition with respect to energy content and buffering capacity, and gas permeability of the container. Recent progress for slowing PSL has been made with storage media that more effectively fuel ATP production and buffer the inevitable effects of metabolism. Improved oxygen-permeability of containers also helps to maintain aerobic-dominant glycolysis. Patients stand to benefit from platelet products of higher intrinsic quality that store well until the moment of transfusion.
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Johnson L, Winter KM, Reid S, Hartkopf-Theis T, Marschner S, Goodrich RP, Marks DC. The effect of pathogen reduction technology (Mirasol) on platelet quality when treated in additive solution with low plasma carryover. Vox Sang 2011; 101:208-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Saunders C, Rowe G, Wilkins K, Holme S, Collins P. In vitro storage characteristics of platelet concentrates suspended in 70% SSP+TM additive solution versus plasma over a 14-day storage period. Vox Sang 2011; 101:112-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kulkarni S, Kannan M, Atreya CD. Omic Approaches to Quality Biomarkers for Stored Platelets: Are We There Yet? Transfus Med Rev 2010; 24:211-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Evaluation of biochemical parameters in platelet concentrates stored in glucose solution. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2010; 5:24-32. [PMID: 19204748 DOI: 10.2450/2007.0019-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic storage of platelet concentrate is a challenging problem for Transfusion Medicine, so that many studies have been carried out with the aim of improving the duration of storage of platelet concentrates. Little attention, however, has been given to the most appropriate biochemical methods for evaluating the quality of the stored platelet concentrates. MATERIAL AND METHODS [corrected] Platelet concentrates (n=10) were saved under gentle stirring at 22 masculineC for a total period of 8 days. Glucose 0.5% (w/v) was added either at the beginning of storage (time 0) or on the fifth day of storage. One millilitre of each concentrate was withdrawn at time 0 and after 5, 6, 7 and 8 days of storage for microbiological culture, evaluation of pH, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), mean platelet volume, platelet haematocrit and analysis of metabolites of energy pathways (high energy phosphate derivatives, nucleosides, oxypurines and antioxidants) by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The addition of glucose 0.5% on day 5 did not produce significant differences in metabolites of energy pathways with respect to control platelet concentrates, whereas when the glucose was added at the beginning of storage (time 0) there was a recovery of ATP, GTP and a decrease of energetic catabolism, demonstrating a beneficial effect on energy metabolism. The changes in LDH values did not parallel those of the metabolites: indeed, only on day 7 of storage did the platelet concentrates treated with glucose on day 5 have significantly lower levels of this enzyme than those found in the other concentrates. The improvements produced by addition of glucose at time 0 were confirmed by morphological analyses (mean platelet volume, platelet haematocrit), and the pH. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic profile of glucose-enriched plasma concentrates on the fifth day of storage, and the different time course of increased LDH concentration, could represent valid parameters to interpret platelet vitality in the successive days of storage. These preliminary data also indicate that glucose might be a good additive for a new storage formulation.
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Wagner SJ, Skripchenko A, Myrup A, Thompson-Montgomery D, Awatefe H, Moroff G. Calcium is a key constituent for maintaining the in vitro properties of platelets suspended in the bicarbonate-containing additive solution M-sol with low plasma levels. Transfusion 2009; 50:1028-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ohto H, Ezuki S, Kanno T, Nollet KE. Extending platelet storage: safety and quality considerations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2824.2009.01247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gyongyossy-Issa MIC, Zhang JG, Culibrk B, Hunter F, Levin E, Scammell K, Weiss S, Holmes DL, Holme S. Novel system for storage of buffy-coat-derived platelet concentrates in a glucose-based platelet additive solution: parameters and metabolism during storage and comparison to plasma. Vox Sang 2009; 97:102-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2009.01196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hornsey VS, McColl K, Drummond O, MacGregor IR, Prowse CV. Platelet storage in Fresenius/NPBI polyolefin and BTHC-PVC bags: a direct comparison. Transfus Med 2008; 18:223-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2008.00869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang JG, Carter CJ, Devine DV, Scammell K, Weiss S, Gyongyossy-Issa MIC. Comparison of a novel viscous platelet additive solution and plasma: preparation and in vitro storage parameters of buffy-coat-derived platelet concentrates. Vox Sang 2008; 94:299-305. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2007.01029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang JG, Carter CJ, Culibrk B, Devine DV, Levin E, Scammell K, Weiss S, Gyongyossy-Issa MIC. Buffy-coat platelet variables and metabolism during storage in additive solutions or plasma. Transfusion 2008; 48:847-56. [PMID: 18298601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buffy-coat processing allows for the use of platelet additive solutions (PASs). PASs reduce plasma-associated transfusion reactions and conserve plasma for transfusion or fractionation. Platelet (PLT) storage in plasma was compared to storage in three commercially available PASs compared to assess their influence on in vitro laboratory variables. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Platelet concentrates (PCs) were prepared from leukoreduced pools of four buffy coats (BCPs) suspended in autologous plasma or one of PASs (Composol, Fresenius-Kabi; T-Sol, Baxter Corp.; or SSP+, MacoPharma). On Days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 of storage, samples were tested for PLT concentration, mean PLT volume (MPV), CD62P, morphology, pO2, pCO2, glucose, lactate and total protein concentration, pH, extent of shape change (ESC), and hypotonic shock response (HSR). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and t tests. RESULTS PLT recoveries from BCPs were higher (p < 0.05) with plasma than any PAS. Storage medium and duration did not affect PLT concentration or MPV over time. CD62P expression and morphology were significantly different among PCs pooled with different media. ANOVA showed (p < 0.05) differences among the rates of change of pCO2, pH, glucose consumption, lactate production, and ESC; PASs such as Composol and SSP+ offered excellent maintenance of pH and low rates of glucose consumption. PAS performed poorly in ESC and HSR compared to plasma. Correlation studies reveal far more significant correlations between variables of PLTs in PAS than in plasma. CONCLUSION Newer PASs, for example, SSP+ and Composol, can maintain PLT integrity and moderate metabolism similarly to plasma but offer consistently lower PLT recoveries and limited osmotic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry G Zhang
- Canadian Blood Services and the Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Bradley AJ, Read BL, Levin E, Devine DV. Small-molecule complement inhibitors cannot prevent the development of the platelet storage lesion. Transfusion 2008; 48:706-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bashir S, Stanworth S, Massey E, Goddard F, Cardigan R. Neutrophil function is preserved in a pooled granulocyte component prepared from whole blood donations. Br J Haematol 2008; 140:701-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.06996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jilma-Stohlawetz P, Horvath M, Eichelberger B, Koren D, Jilma B, Panzer S. Platelet function under high-shear conditions from platelet concentrates. Transfusion 2007; 48:129-35. [PMID: 17894788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet (PLT) collection and storage affect the functional capacity of PLTs in PLT concentrates (PCs). Therefore, PLTs' functional quality should be studied before transfusion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PCs (n = 15) were collected by a standard apheresis procedure (Trima, Gambro BCT) and were stored for 7 days. Samples were taken to assess PLT adhesion and aggregate formation by a cone and plate analyzer (Impact-R, DiaMed) on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after harvesting. This device allows testing PLT function under high-shear stress close to physiologic conditions. Concomitantly, P-selectin expression and the residual responsiveness to TRAP-6 were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS PLT adhesion, as measured by surface coverage, decreased during the entire observation period; likewise, the size of aggregates was significantly lower on Days 5 and 7 compared to Day 1 (p < 0.02). P-selectin expression increased from Day 5 to Day 7 (p < 0.04), whereas TRAP-6-inducible expression remained stable until Day 5 of storage and decreased significantly on Day 7 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that high-shear-induced PLT adhesion and aggregation on the polystyrene surface deteriorate upon storage, suggesting decreased PLT function in vivo. Thus, the Impact-R may be a useful tool to assess the functional capacity of PLTs under various PLT harvesting and storage procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Jilma-Stohlawetz
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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