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McNulty K, Tollefson CR, Baughman B. Symmetrical parapagus diprosopus tetrophthalmos in a bovine calf, with computed tomography imaging, and review of craniofacial duplications. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:227-235. [PMID: 37010026 PMCID: PMC10185997 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231166130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diprosopia, a congenital defect process also known as craniofacial duplication, is well-recognized in humans and has also been reported in numerous animal species. Here we describe a case of diprosopia in a live mixed-breed beef calf. We used computed tomography imaging to characterize internal and external abnormalities which, to our knowledge, have not been reported in any diprosopic veterinary species. Additional diagnostic tools included postmortem examination and histopathology. This case highlights distinct anatomic features associated with diprosopia and underscores the unique challenges associated with classifying and managing fetal malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin McNulty
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | - Brittany Baughman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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2
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Toma H, Barreto J, Amude A, Toma C, Santos J, Schneider L, Néspoli P, Pertile S, Cunha Filho L. Clinical, tomographic, and postmortem aspects of a rare congenital Dicephalus Monauchenos Iniodymus in a Nelore calf produced in vitro from Brazil - case report. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to report the occurrence of dicephalus iniodymus monauchenos in a Nellore newborn. A three-days old calf, from in vitro production, with duplication of the head and a history of cesarean birth was attended. On physical examination, the dicephalus, iniodymus and monauchenos, which were almost the same size and shape, had four eyes and four ears. Computed tomography showed the presence of two skulls fused with a common occipital foramen, two nasopharynxes, oropharynxes with the presence of a cleft lip and a cleft palate in the right head, which continued in a single esophagus and a single trachea. At necropsy, the presence of duplication of the cerebrum and cerebellum was observed, with union of the parts in the region of the trapezoid body of the brainstem and continued as a single spinal cord. This study characterizes the clinical, tomographic, and necropsy findings of a dicephalus Nelore neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.S. Toma
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil
| | - J.V.P. Barreto
- Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Brasil; Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
| | - A.M. Amude
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Brazil; Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Brasil
| | - C.D.M. Toma
- Universidade de Cuiabá, Brazil; Centro Universitário de Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - L.O. Schneider
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Uruguai
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Weber J, Behn H, Freick M. A rare case of monozygotic iniodymic diprosopiasis in a German Holstein calf. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2017; 45:160724. [PMID: 28585657 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-160724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial duplication abnormity is a rare phenomenon in buiatric practice. This report attends to a male German Holstein calf which could be classified as a diprosopic iniodymus. A fetus exhibiting a doubled face was delivered after fetotomy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of diprosopiasis with two cranial cavities as well as two separate encephala in a calf showing the potential extent of duplication. Throughout this work also the question is answered of whether this malformation in a bovine species arose from one embryo or rather, there is a dizygotic background by genotyping of tissue samples from both parts of the diprosopus. Regarding etiology, not only hereditary dispositions including among others a failed function of the signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog mediating regulation of craniofacial morphogenesis, but also incompletely separated monozygotic twins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Weber
- Jim Weber, Veterinary Practice Zettlitz, Straße der Jugend 68, 09306 Zettlitz, Germany,
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Sans-Coma V, Rodríguez C, López-Unzu MA, Lorenzale M, Fernández B, Vida L, Durán AC. Dicephalous v. diprosopus sharks: record of a two-headed embryo of Galeus atlanticus and review of the literature. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:283-293. [PMID: 27723102 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As far as is known, this paper gives the first description of a two-headed shark embryo belonging to an oviparous species, Galeus atlanticus (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). The specimen was detected among 797 embryos intended for cardiovascular studies, which represents a defect incidence of 0·13%. Each head had a mouth, two eyes, a brain, a notochord and five gill openings on each side. The two heads fused behind the gills. On the single body, there were four anticipated dorsal fins, two anterior, right and left and two posterior, right and left. Ventrally, the specimen possessed two pairs of pectoral fins, a pair of pelvic fins and one anal fin. Two adjacent notochords, two neural tubes and two dorsal aortas ran along the body, which bent 180° at its posterior portion. There were two hearts, two oesophaguses, two stomachs, two livers, but a single intestine with a spiral valve. Previous reports of conjoined twins in sharks are scarce and only refer to oviparous and ovoviviparous species. Seven dicephalous sharks reported so far were similar to the specimen described here, namely, with two totally separated heads on one body. Instead, only one case of diprosopus shark has been reported; it had a single body and a single head with partial duplication of the face. Two further cases described in the literature as dicephalous or simply as abnormal sharks should be better regarded as diprosopus, while another three cases, also considered dicephalous, showed a mixture of characteristics of diprosopia and dicephalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sans-Coma
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - C Rodríguez
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - M A López-Unzu
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Lorenzale
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - B Fernández
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - L Vida
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - A C Durán
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
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Schneevoigt J, Bahramsoltani M, Gerlach K, Gericke A, Fersterra M, Brehm W, Seeger J. Parapagus Conjoined Twin Calf: A Case Study - Focused on CT and Cardiac Abnormalities. Anat Histol Embryol 2014; 43:64-70. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Schneevoigt
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - M. Bahramsoltani
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - K. Gerlach
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - A. Gericke
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - M. Fersterra
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - W. Brehm
- Large Animal Clinic for Surgery; University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - J. Seeger
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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Costa MA, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Lara-Sanchez PA, Schweitzer D, Jacobson L, Clarke N, Hammoudeh J, Urata MM, Magee WP. Partial craniofacial duplication: a review of the literature and case report. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 42:290-6. [PMID: 23969147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diprosopus (Greek; di-, "two" + prosopon, "face"), or craniofacial duplication, is a rare craniofacial anomaly referring to the complete duplication of facial structures. Partial craniofacial duplication describes a broad spectrum of congenital anomalies, including duplications of the oral cavity. This paper describes a 15 month-old female with a duplicated oral cavity, mandible, and maxilla. A Tessier type 7 cleft, midline meningocele, and duplicated hypophysis were also present. The preoperative evaluation, surgical approach, postoperative results, and a review of the literature are presented. The surgical approach was designed to preserve facial nerve innervation to the reconstructed cheek and mouth. The duplicated mandible and maxilla were excised and the remaining left maxilla was bone grafted. Soft tissue repair included closure of the Tessier type VII cleft. Craniofacial duplication remains a rare entity that is more common in females. The pathophysiology remains incompletely characterized, but is postulated to be due to duplication of the notochord, as well as duplication of mandibular growth centres. While diprosopus is a severe deformity often associated with anencephaly, patients with partial duplication typically benefit from surgical treatment. Managing craniofacial duplication requires a detailed preoperative evaluation as well as a comprehensive, staged treatment plan. Long-term follow up is needed appropriately to address ongoing craniofacial deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Costa
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Borzabadi-Farahani
- Orthodontics, Warwick Dentistry, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Formerly, Craniofacial Orthodontics, Division of Dentistry, CHLA, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pedro A Lara-Sanchez
- Department of Genetics, CHLA, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Schweitzer
- Department of Genetics, CHLA, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lia Jacobson
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noreen Clarke
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery Hammoudeh
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark M Urata
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William P Magee
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Borzabadi-Farahani A, Gross J, Sanchez-Lara PA, Yen SLK. An Unusual Accessory Mandible and a Submucosal Cleft Palate—A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2013; 50:369-75. [DOI: 10.1597/11-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An accessory mandible is a rare congenital anomaly that requires multidisciplinary management. This case report describes a female patient with an unusual accessory mandible, a dysplastic overgrowth of bone, containing teeth that extended from the midsymphyseal region. A submucosal cleft palate and cleft of the lower lip were also present. Her treatment plan took a staged approach with initial surgical resection of the accessory bone and teeth. The second stage, still in the planning phase, will correct the secondary deformity of an anterior open bite and will restore the missing lower anterior teeth. The original deformity and subsequent growth are discussed with the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Borzabadi-Farahani
- School of Orthodontics, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL; Craniofacial and Special Care Orthodontic Fellow, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Gross
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Stephen L.-K. Yen
- Division of Dentistry, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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