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Lopez AJ, Echeverry-Munera J, McCarthy H, Welboren AC, Pineda A, Nagorske M, Renaud DL, Steele MA. Effects of enriching IgG concentration in low- and medium-quality colostrum with colostrum replacer on IgG absorption in newborn Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3680-3691. [PMID: 36894425 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion and absorption of greater quantities of IgG are required to increase serum IgG levels in newborn calves. This could be achieved by adding colostrum replacer (CR) to maternal colostrum (MC). The objective of this study was to investigate whether low and high-quality MC can be enriched with bovine dried CR to achieve adequate serum IgG levels. Male Holstein calves (n = 80; 16/treatment) with birth body weights (BW) of 40 to 52 kg were randomly enrolled to be fed 3.8 L of the following combinations: 30 g/L IgG MC (C1), 60 g/L IgG MC (C2), 90 g/L IgG MC (C3), C1 enriched with 551 g of CR (60 g/L; 30-60CR), or C2 enriched with 620 g of CR (90 g/L: 60-90CR). A subset of 40 calves (8/treatment) had a jugular catheter placed and were fed colostrum containing acetaminophen at a dose of 150 mg/kg of metabolic body weight, to estimate abomasal emptying rate per hour (kABh). Baseline blood samples were taken (0 h), followed by sequential samples at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h relative to initial colostrum feeding. Results for all measurements are presented in the following order, unless otherwise stated: C1, C2, C3, 30-60CR, and 60-90CR. Serum IgG levels at 24 h were different among calves fed C1, C2, C3, 30-60CR, and 60-90CR: 11.8, 24.3, 35.7, 19.9, and 26.9 mg/mL ± 1.02 (mean ± SEM), respectively. Serum IgG at 24 h increased when enriching C1 to 30-60CR, but not from C2 to 60-90CR. Similarly, apparent efficiency of absorption (AEA) values for calves fed C1, C2, C3, 30-60CR, and 60-90CR were different: 42.4, 45.1, 43.2, 36.3, and 33.4% ± 1.93, respectively. Enriching C2 to 60-90CR reduced AEA, and enriching C1 to 30-60CR tended to decrease AEA. The kABh values for C1, C2, C3, 30-60CR, and 60-90CR were also different: 0.16, 0.13, 0.11, 0.09, and 0.09 ± 0.005, respectively. Enriching C1 to 30-60CR or C2 to 60-90CR reduced kABh. However, 30-60CR and 60-90CR have similar kABh compared with a reference colostrum meal (90 g/L IgG, C3). Even though kABh was reduced for 30-60CR, results indicate that C1 has the potential to be enriched and achieve acceptable serum IgG levels at 24 h without affecting AEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Lopez
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y2.
| | - J Echeverry-Munera
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - H McCarthy
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - A C Welboren
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - A Pineda
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - M Nagorske
- The Saskatoon Colostrum Company Ltd., Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7K 6A2
| | - D L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 1Y2.
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Welboren AC, Hatew B, López-Campos O, Cant JP, Leal LN, Martín-Tereso J, Steele MA. Effects of energy source in milk replacer on glucose metabolism of neonatal dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5009-5020. [PMID: 33612241 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Milk replacers (MR) formulated to contain more lactose than whole milk could potentially reduce insulin sensitivity in dairy calves. This study evaluated how partially replacing lactose in MR with fat on a weight/weight basis affects glucose-insulin kinetics in neonatal dairy calves fed high quantities of MR. Thirty-four Holstein bull calves were blocked by dam parity (1.6 ± 0.3) and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (n = 17): a high-lactose MR (HL; 46.1% lactose, 18.0% crude fat, and 23.9% crude protein on a dry matter basis) or a high fat MR (HF; 39.9% lactose, 24.6% crude fat, and 24.0% crude protein on a dry matter basis). Calves were individually housed and fed pooled colostrum at 1.5 h and 12 h postnatal at 18 and 9% of metabolic body weight (BW0.75), respectively. From 24 h postnatal until the end of the study (d 7), calves were transitioned to MR (prepared at 150 g/L) at 18% of BW0.75 twice daily at 0700 and 1900 h. On d 4, an insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test was conducted 8 h after the morning meal by intravenous infusion of glucose (0.54 g/kg of BW0.75, min 0) and insulin (3.9 µg/kg of BW0.75, min 20). During postprandial sampling on d 6, abomasal emptying was assessed by dosing acetaminophen (0.13 g/kg of BW0.75) with MR and measuring its appearance within plasma. Sequential blood samples were collected and analyzed for plasma glucose, insulin, and acetaminophen concentrations. Calves were killed on d 7 and liver and pancreatic tissues were collected for histomorphological analysis. Partially replacing lactose in MR with fat increased body weight gain (679.6 vs. 462.0 ± 69.68 g/d) and gain:metabolizable energy intake (186.6 vs. 120.5 ± 20.21 g of body weight/Mcal) compared with feeding HL MR. Furthermore, abomasal emptying rate was reduced in calves fed HF MR. Calculated variables based on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations, such as maximum concentration or area under the curve, were or tended to be lower in HF than in HL calves. Postprandial insulin sensitivity tended to be reduced in HL compared with HF, although insulin sensitivity estimated from the insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test was not different. Calves fed HF MR showed enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In conclusion, partially replacing lactose in MR with fat resulted in smaller fluctuations in postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations and tended to increase postprandial but not fasting insulin sensitivity in neonatal dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Welboren
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - B Hatew
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada, T6G 2P5
| | - O López-Campos
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB Canada, T4L 1V7
| | - J P Cant
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - L N Leal
- Trouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - J Martín-Tereso
- Trouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada, N1G 2W1; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada, T6G 2P5.
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Desjardins-Morrissette M, van Niekerk JK, Haines D, Sugino T, Oba M, Steele MA. The effect of tube versus bottle feeding colostrum on immunoglobulin G absorption, abomasal emptying, and plasma hormone concentrations in newborn calves. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4168-4179. [PMID: 29454696 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if feeding colostrum to newborn calves through an esophageal tube, compared with a nipple bottle, would delay abomasal emptying, which would in turn decrease passive transfer of IgG and plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide (GLP) 1 and GLP-2 concentrations. Twenty newborn Holstein bull calves were fed 3 L of colostrum replacer (200 g of IgG) through either an esophageal tube or nipple bottle at 2 h after birth followed by feeding pooled whole milk every 12 h after birth. Acetaminophen was mixed into the colostrum meal as a marker for abomasal emptying. A jugular catheter was inserted 1 h after birth and blood was sampled frequently to analyze serum for IgG and acetaminophen and plasma for glucose, insulin, GLP-1, and GLP-2. Feeding method did not affect abomasal emptying, and as a result no treatment effect was present on serum IgG concentrations. Maximum concentration of serum IgG was 24.4 ± 0.40 mg/mL (± standard error), which was reached at 14.6 ± 1.88 h after the colostrum meal for both groups. Apparent efficiency of absorption at maximum concentration of IgG was 52.9%, indicating high efficiency of passive transfer of IgG for both treatments. Tube feeding increased glucose and insulin area under the curve before the first milk meal, most likely due to the decreased time to consume the colostrum meal. In addition, tube-fed calves consumed 0.5 ± 0.13 L more milk in their first milk meal than bottle-fed calves. No treatment effect on plasma concentrations of GLP-1 or GLP-2 was present, but both hormones increased after colostrum feeding. These findings confirm that there is no effect on absorption of IgG from colostrum when feeding good-quality colostrum at a volume of 3 L through either an esophageal tube or nipple bottle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Desjardins-Morrissette
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - J K van Niekerk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - D Haines
- The Saskatoon Colostrum Co. Ltd., Saskatoon, Canada S7K 6A2
| | - T Sugino
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan 739-8528
| | - M Oba
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Burgstaller J, Wittek T, Smith GW. Invited review: Abomasal emptying in calves and its potential influence on gastrointestinal disease. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:17-35. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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MacPherson J, Berends H, Leal L, Cant J, Martín-Tereso J, Steele M. Effect of plane of milk replacer intake and age on glucose and insulin kinetics and abomasal emptying in female Holstein Friesian dairy calves fed twice daily. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8007-8017. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Idink MJ, Grünberg W. Enteral administration of monosodium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate for the treatment of hypophosphataemia in lactating dairy cattle. Vet Rec 2015; 176:494. [PMID: 25721509 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Hypohosphataemia is a frequent finding in early lactating and anorectic dairy cows. Sodium phosphate is commonly used for oral phosphorus (P) supplementation, although other phosphate salts may present useful treatment alternatives. Objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy of monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) and monocalcium phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2) to monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) in P-depleted cows. Furthermore, the effect of concentrated NaH2PO4 on the reticular groove reflex was studied. Six healthy but P-depleted dairy cows underwent four treatments in randomised order. Treatments consisted of intraruminal administration of NaH2PO4, KH2PO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2 providing the equivalent of 60 g P. A fourth treatment consisting of concentrated NaH2PO4 combined with acetaminophen as a marker substance was administered orally to determine whether the reticular groove reflex could be induced. Intraruminal administration of NaH2PO4 and KH2PO4 resulted in similar increases in plasma Pi concentrations ([Pi]) while intraruminal Ca(H2PO4)2 resulted in lower increases in plasma [Pi]. Oral and intraruminal administration of NaH2PO4 resulted in similar times to peak plasma [Pi] and acetaminophen concentration, indicating that concentrated NaH2PO4 administered orally did not trigger the reticular groove reflex. These results suggest that oral administration of KH2PO4 is equally effective as NaH2PO4. Oral administration of Ca(H2PO4)2 in contrast has a less pronounced effect on the plasma [Pi].
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Idink
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3507 TD, the Netherlands
| | - W Grünberg
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3507 TD, the Netherlands Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
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Estimation of milk leakage into the rumen of milk-fed calves through an indirect and repeatable method. Animal 2014; 8:1643-52. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114001670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Kinetics of phosphate absorption in lactating dairy cows after enteral administration of sodium phosphate or calcium phosphate salts. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1012-23. [PMID: 23544958 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphataemia is frequently encountered in dairy cows during early lactation. Although supplementation of P is generally recommended, controversy exists over the suitability of oral P supplementation in animals with decreased or absent rumen motility. Since the effects of transruminal P absorption and the reticular groove reflex on the absorption kinetics of P are not well understood, it is unclear in how far treatment efficacy of oral P supplementation is affected by decreased rumen motility. Phosphate absorption was studied in six phosphate-depleted dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulas and treated with test solutions containing either NaH2PO4 or CaHPO4 with acetaminophen. Each animal was treated orally, intraruminally and intra-abomasally in randomised order. Absorption kinetics of P were studied and compared with the absorption kinetics of acetaminophen, a marker substance only absorbed from the small intestine. Intra-abomasal treatment with NaH2PO4 resulted in the most rapid and highest peaks in plasma inorganic P (Pi) concentration. Oral and intraruminal administration of NaH2PO4 resulted in similar increases in plasma Pi concentration from 4 to 7 h in both groups. Treatment with NaH2PO4 caused more pronounced peaks in plasma Pi concentration compared with CaHPO4. Neither transruminal P absorption nor the reticular groove reflex affected P absorption kinetics as determined by comparing plasma concentration–time curves of P and acetaminophen after administration of 1M-phosphate salt solutions. It is concluded that oral treatment with NaH2PO4 but not CaHPO4 is effective in supplementing P in hypophosphataemic cows with adequate rumen motility. Decreased rumen motility is likely to hamper the efficacy of oral phosphate treatment.
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Ehsani-Kheradgerdi A, Sharifi K, Mohri M, Grünberg W. Evaluation of a modified acetaminophen absorption test to estimate the abomasal emptying rate in Holstein-Friesian heifers. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:1600-6. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.12.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fazeli M, Shomali T, Firouzi MJ, Ghane M. Erythromycin enhances abomasal emptying in healthy unweaned lambs as shown by acetaminophen absorption test. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 35:410-2. [PMID: 22066489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Fazeli
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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MOSHER RA, COETZEE JF, CULL CA, GEHRING R, KuKANICH B. Pharmacokinetics of oral meloxicam in ruminant and preruminant calves. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 35:373-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Sharifi K, Grünberg W, Soroori S, Mohri M, Ahrari-Khafi MS. Assessment of the acetaminophen absorption test as a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the reticular groove reflex in lambs. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:820-5. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.7.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Maher O, Nieto JE, Stanley SD, Dore E, Snyder JR. Evaluation of the effect of ranitidine on gastroduodenal contractile activity and gastric emptying in horses. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69:1153-7. [PMID: 18764686 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.9.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of ranitidine on gastric emptying in horses. ANIMALS 11 adult horses. PROCEDURES In vitro, isolated muscle strips from the pyloric antrum and duodenum of 5 horses were suspended in baths and attached to isometric force transducers. Once stable spontaneous contractions were observed, ranitidine or diluent was added at cumulative increasing concentrations. Isometric stress responses were compared. In vivo, 6 horses were assigned to a group in a prospective randomized crossover study design with a wash-out period of 2 weeks between trials. Ranitidine (2.2 mg/kg) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was administered IV, and 15 minutes later, acetaminophen (20 mg/kg), diluted in 400 mL of water, was administered via nasogastric tube to evaluate the liquid phase of gastric emptying. Serum acetaminophen concentration was measured at several time points for 3 hours by use of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Frequency of defecation was recorded during the 3 hours of the study. RESULTS Ranitidine increased the contractile activity of the pyloric antrum smooth muscle at a concentration of 10(-4) M. No significant effect of ranitidine on plasma kinetics of acetaminophen was identified. Frequency of defecation did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ranitidine did increase gastric motility in vitro, but no effect on liquid phase gastric emptying was identified in healthy horses by use of the acetaminophen absorption model. Results do not support the use of ranitidine to promote gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Maher
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Herrli-Gygi M, Steiner A, Doherr MG, Blum JW, Kirchhofer M, Zanolari P. Digestive processes in ruminal drinkers characterized by means of the acetaminophen absorption test. Vet J 2008; 176:369-77. [PMID: 17449303 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 02/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to measure transit patterns of nutrients and the absorptive ability in ruminal drinkers (RDs) compared with healthy unweaned calves. The acetaminophen (paracetamol) absorption test was used to characterize the oroduodenal transit rate. Clinical examination and the analysis of various blood parameters provided supplementary information on digestive processes. Three unweaned bucket-fed calves (one RD and two healthy controls) each from seven Swiss dairy farms were included in the study. Measurements (tests 1 and 2) were performed twice at an interval of 10 days. Between tests, the feeding technique of the RDs and one control calf per farm was changed to feeding with a nipple instead of by bucket (without nipple). Acetaminophen appearance in the blood was delayed and reduced in RDs compared with the controls. Acid-base metabolism and several haematological and metabolic parameters differed markedly between RDs and healthy controls. The characteristics of the oroduodenal transit rate, absorptive abilities and clinical status in RDs were nearly normalised within 10 days of reconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Herrli-Gygi
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Berne, Switzerland
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Nouri M, Constable PD. Effect of parenteral administration of erythromycin, tilmicosin, and tylosin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68:1392-8. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.12.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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