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Djebala S, Evrard J, Moula N, Gille L, Sartelet A, Bossaert P. Parietal fibrinous peritonitis in cattle: A literature review. Vet Rec 2021; 188:e30. [PMID: 33729566 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parietal fibrinous peritonitis (PFP) is a complication of laparotomy in cattle, consisting of fluid and fibrin accumulation within a fibrous capsule between the parietal peritoneum and the abdominal muscles. Since scientific information on PFP is scarce, we aim to collect available information to help practitioners in its diagnosis and treatment, and to formulate research perspectives. METHODS PubMed and GoogleScholar databases were scanned using "cattle" or "bovine", and one of the following keywords: "seroma", "parietal fibrinous peritonitis", "retroperitoneal abscess", or "wound infection". RESULTS Although scientific information is often anecdotal, two recent larger studies shed more light on PFP symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Symptoms vary according to the cavity's localisation and size, and include anorexia, weight loss and an inflammatory status. Rectal palpation is strongly indicative, but the definitive diagnosis is made by ultrasound. Trueperella pyogenes and Escherichia coli are frequently isolated germs, although it remains unclear whether they are primary or secondary agents. Good survival rates were reported after surgical drainage. CONCLUSION Although the diagnosis and treatment seem clear, the exact pathogenesis of PFP should be the focus of ongoing research. This can be achieved by epidemiological data analysis focusing on risk factors like surgery technique, housing and ration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Djebala
- Clinical Department of Ruminant, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Evrard
- Gestion et Prévention de Santé, Regional Association of Health and Animal Identification, Ciney, Belgium
| | - Nassim Moula
- Department of Animal Production, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Linde Gille
- Clinical Department of Ruminant, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Sartelet
- Clinical Department of Ruminant, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Bossaert
- Clinical Department of Ruminant, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Tharwat M. Ultrasonography of the Kidneys in Healthy and Diseased Camels (Camelus dromedarius). Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:7814927. [PMID: 33144934 PMCID: PMC7596541 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7814927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article is written to describe the results of ultrasonography of the kidneys in healthy camels as well as camels with some renal disorders. In the dromedary camel, the physiology of the kidney is of interest in view of the specialization of the camel to hot dry deserts and to prolonged periods without water. It plays an important role in water conservation through the production of highly concentrated urine that may predispose animal to varieties of renal disorders. Examples of kidney affections in dromedary camels are renal capsular pigmentation, medullary hyperemia, subcapsular calcification, cortical and medullar discoloration, hemorrhage in renal pelvis, nephrolithiasis, and hydatidosis. Congestion, hemorrhage, hydronephrosis, acute glomerulonephritis, subacute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, diffuse interstitial nephritis, focal interstitial nephritis, renal cyst, hyaline degeneration, renal amyloidosis, tubular nephrosis, pyelonephritis, hemosiderosis, and renal toxicity. When the kidney is examined by ultrasonography, the clinician can get sufficient information about the size, position, and echo patterns of the renal cortex and medulla and renal pelvis and outlines of the renal blood vessels. In recent years, ultrasonography has been used in camels for scanning of the healthy status as well as evaluation and determining the diagnosis and prognosis of diseased cases. Examples of diseases evaluated by ultrasonography are paratuberculosis, trypanosomiasis, pneumonia, pleurisy, gastrointestinal neoplasms, chronic peritonitis, splenic abscessation, and hepatic disorders. Of the renal disorders assessed by ultrasonography are nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, renal abscessation, and renal neoplasms. Ultrasound guidance in biopsy of renal specimens has also been reported in dromedary camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tharwat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6622, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
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El Damaty HM, Mahmmod YS, Gouda SM, Sobhy NM. Epidemiological and ultrasonographic investigation of bovine fascioliasis in smallholder production system in Eastern Nile Delta of Egypt. Prev Vet Med 2018; 158:35-42. [PMID: 30220394 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Regular updating of our knowledge on the epidemiological determinants of bovine fascioliasis is necessary to increase the awareness of the disease's significance and subsequently, improve the control measures. The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate the prevalence of bovine fascioliasis, and identify the association of epidemiological characteristics under traditional householders' production systems, (2) to describe the association between the clinical picture, Fasciola spp. egg count and hepatobiliary ultrasonography findings. In total, 270 faecal samples were examined microscopically for the presence or absence of Fasciola spp. egg, using the sedimentation-flotation method. Copro-positive animals were subjected to ultrasonographic examination. Overall prevalence of copro-positive animals was 27.4% (22.4-33.0%, 95% CI). The final multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant association between fascioliasis and animal species (P < 0.03), and administration of anthelmintic (P < 0.0001). Cattle have a less chance of being positive to Fasciola spp. by 0.55 (95% CI: 0.30 - 0.99) compared to water buffaloes. Administration of anthelmintic to animals on a regular basis decreased the risk of copro-positivity to Fasciola spp by 0.17 (95% CI: 0.07 - 0.36) compared to animals received anthelmintic on an irregular basis. Infected animals having different Fasciola spp. egg burden revealed different clinical symptoms associated with hepatobiliary changes on ultrasonographic examination ranged from normal hepatic parenchyma and bile system in low faecal egg load to hyperechogenic hepatic parenchyma, hyperechogenic with distal shadowing bile duct, and distended gallbladder in high faecal egg load of Fasciola spp. In conclusion, the prevalence of bovine fascioliasis is high under the traditional household's production system. Regular administration of anthelmintic significantly reduces the animal's chance of being copro-positive to Fasciola spp. Ultrasound poses a valuable prognostic technique for assessment of bovine fascioliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend M El Damaty
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia Province, Egypt
| | - Yasser S Mahmmod
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia Province, Egypt; Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Shaimaa M Gouda
- Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia Province, Egypt
| | - Nader M Sobhy
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia Province, Egypt
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Tharwat M, Al-Sobayil F. Ultrasonographic findings in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:263. [PMID: 28830505 PMCID: PMC5568355 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In goats, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a cause of major economic losses in Africa, Asia and in the Middle East. There is no information emphasising the importance of diagnostic ultrasound in goats with CCPP caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp). This study was designed to describe the ultrasonographic findings in goats with CCPP caused by Mccp and to correlate ultrasonographic with post-mortem findings. To this end, 55 goats with CCPP were examined. Twenty-five healthy adult goats were used as a control group. RESULTS Major clinical findings included harried, painful respiration, dyspnoea and mouth breathing. On ultrasonography, a liver-like echotexture was imaged in 13 goats. Upon post-mortem examination, all 13 goats exhibited unilateral pulmonary consolidation. Seven goats had a unilateral hypoechoic pleural effusion. At necropsy, the related lung was consolidated and the pleural fluid appeared turbid and greenish. Pleural abscessiation detected in five goats was confirmed post-mortem. Twenty-eight goats had a bright, fibrinous matrix extending over the chest wall containing numerous anechoic fluid pockets with medial displacement and compression of lung tissue. Echogenic tags imaged floating in the fluid were found upon post-mortem examination to be fibrin. In two goats, a consolidated right parenchyma was imaged together with hypoechoic pericardial effusions with echogenic tags covering the epicardium. At necropsy, the right lung was consolidated in three goats and fibrin threads were found covering the epicardium and pericardium. CONCLUSIONS In goats with CCPP, the extension and the severity of the pulmonary changes could not be verified with clinical certainty in most cases, whereas this was possible most of the time with sonography, thus making the prognosis easier. Ultrasonographic examination of the pleurae and the lungs helped in the detection of various lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tharwat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahd Al-Sobayil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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5
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General Systemic States. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7195945 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abouelnasr K, El-Shafaey ES, Mosbah E, El-Khodery S. Utility of ultrasonography for diagnosis of superficial swellings in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1303-9. [PMID: 27181085 PMCID: PMC5053932 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied 72 buffalo with superficial swellings in the head (n=4), neck (n=5), chest wall (n=4), abdominal wall (n=28), limbs (n=16), gluteal region (n=8), perineal region (n=6) and udder (n=1). Ultrasonographically, the swellings varied according to type, duration, content and location. The clinical use of ultrasound to assess these superficial swellings allowed diagnosis of abscesses (n=21), hematomas (n=11), hernias (n=17), bursitis (n=13), urethral diverticula (n=6) and tumors (n=4). Ultrasonography could precisely discriminate each lesion type (sensitivity, 71-100%; specificity, 75-100%; odds ratio, 1.0-8.4; Confidence Interval, 74.2-20; and P value 0.001). The specificity for ultrasonographic evaluation of superficial swellings was 100% for hernias, urethral diverticula and tumors, whilst the lowest specificity was recorded for hematomas (75%) and abscesses (92%). In conclusion, ultrasonography provides a precise, non-invasive and fast technique for the evaluation, classification and subsequent treatment of a variety of superficial swellings in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Abouelnasr
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura-city, Dakahlia, 35516, Egypt
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Abu-Seida AM. Current Status and Prospect of Ultrasonographic Application in Buffaloes. ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND VETERINARY ADVANCES 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2016.144.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abu-Seida AM, Abbadi OSA. Studies on Sharp Foreign Body Syndrome in Iraqi Buffaloes and its Impact on Milk Production. ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajas.2015.128.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Doppler Ultrasonography of Common Carotid Artery and External Jugular Vein in Healthy and Reticulo-Diaphragmatic Hernia Affected Buffaloes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-014-0402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Abdelaal AM, Gouda SM, Tharwat M. Clinico-biochemical, ultrasonographic and pathological findings of hepatic abscess in feedlot cattle and buffaloes. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.306-310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ultrasonography as a diagnostic and prognostic approach in cattle and buffaloes with fatty infiltration of the liver. Pol J Vet Sci 2012; 15:83-93. [PMID: 22708362 DOI: 10.2478/v10181-011-0118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether ultrasonographic evaluation of the hepatic parenchyma could be used as a diagnostic and prognostic approach in cows and buffaloes with hepatic lipidosis. For this purpose, cows (n=16) and buffaloes (n=10) with fatty infiltration of the liver were examined by ultrasonography. Treated cows and buffaloes were monitored for hepatic changes ultrasonographically, biochemically and histologically. Clinical findings were non-specific and included anorexia, recumbency, muzzle necrosis, and icteric mucosal membranes. Laboratory data revealed neutrophilia, hyper gamma-globulinemia, elevated activities of aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, and high concentrations of insulin, total bilirubin, non-esterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxyl butyric acid. Laboratory results 7, and 21 days after treatment showed progressive improvement in the chemistry profile. On admission, ultrasonographic examination of the hepatic parenchyma in cows and buffaloes revealed either increased or decreased hepatic echogenicity; histologic examination revealed marked fatty infiltration of the hepatocytes. One week after treatment, the hepatic parenchyma was visualized easily, liver boundaries were clearly imaged, and histologic examination of hepatic specimen showed a moderate degree of fatty infiltration. Three weeks after treatment, the hepatic parenchyma was almost similar to normal, the hepatic and portal blood vessels could be easily imaged, and the histologic picture had greatly improved where the liver resembled the normal organ. Six cows and seven buffaloes made a full recovery while the remaining ten cows and three buffaloes were slaughtered and thoroughly examined postmortem. Ultrasonography showed a good correlation with histologic and laboratory findings.
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Ultrasonographic assessment of standing laparotomy wound healing in dairy cows. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:478-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Ultrasound-guided hepatic and renal biopsy in camels (Camelus dromedarius): Technique development and assessment of the safety. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tharwat M. Ultrasonographic findings in cattle and buffaloes with chronic hepatic fascioliosis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 44:1555-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tharwat M, Al-Sobayil F, Ali A, Buczinski S. Ultrasonographic evaluation of abdominal distension in 52 camels (Camelus dromedarius). Res Vet Sci 2011; 93:448-56. [PMID: 21840025 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in the evaluation of abdominal distension in 52 camels (Camelus dromedarius). The conditions included trypanosomiasis (n=35), intestinal obstruction (n=12) and ruptured urinary bladder (n=5). Fifteen clinically normal camels were included as controls. Transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonography was carried out on all camels. In animals with trypanosomiasis, ultrasonographic findings included accumulation of massive amounts of hypoechoic abdominal fluids where liver, intestine, kidney, spleen and urinary bladder were imaged floating. Except in two cases of bile duct calcification and one of hepatic abscessation, no detectable abnormal sonographic lesions were detected while imaging the hepatic and renal parenchyma, and the heart and its valves and major blood vessels. In camels with intestinal obstruction, ultrasonographic findings included distended intestinal loops with markedly reduced or absent motility. In one camel, the intestinal lumen contained localised hyperechoic material that was consistent with a foreign body. Hypoechoic fluid with or without fibrin was seen between intestinal loops. In camels with ruptured urinary bladder, ultrasonographic findings included collapsed and perforated bladder, echogenic blood clots within the urinary bladder and peritoneal cavity, increased thickness of the bladder wall, floating intestines in hypoechogenic fluid and echogenic calculi within the urethra. Ultrasonography was considered a useful tool for the evaluation of dromedary camels with abdominal distension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tharwat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
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Mohamed T. Clinicopathological and ultrasonographic findings in 40 water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with traumatic pericarditis. Vet Rec 2011; 167:819-24. [PMID: 21262631 DOI: 10.1136/vr.c3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Forty buffaloes with traumatic pericarditis were examined to characterise the ultrasonographic findings in buffaloes with traumatic pericarditis, determine the extent of the lesions and assess the prognosis. The most noticeable clinical presentations were presternal oedema (73 per cent) and jugular and mammary vein distension (88 per cent). Laboratory findings included neutrophilic leucocytosis, elevated total protein concentration, hypoalbuminaemia, hypergammaglobulinaemia and increased concentration of free fatty acids. Ultrasonographically, fluid in the pericardium appeared as either mild or massive anechoic accumulations containing fibrin threads or were imaged as homogenous, echogenic pericardial effusions. Moderate to severe corrugation of the reticular wall was observed. Deposits of fibrinous tissue interspersed with fluid pockets were seen between the reticulum, dorsal ruminal sac and diaphragm. Perireticular and mediastinal abscesses were imaged and appeared as echogenic lines with anechoic, echogenic, homogenous or heterogeneous contents. Additional ultrasonographic findings included hepatomegaly, dilation of the caudal vena cava, hepatic and portal veins, ascites, echogenic pleural effusions and vegetations of the tricuspid, mitral and pulmonary valves. The ultrasonographic findings were confirmed at postmortem examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mohamed
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44579, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Ultrasonographic evaluation of cattle and buffaloes with respiratory disorders. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010; 43:803-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Babkine M, Blond L. Ultrasonography of the bovine respiratory system and its practical application. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2009; 25:633-49, Table of Contents. [PMID: 19825437 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonography of the respiratory system is a noninvasive and readily available tool that allows an accurate evaluation of the pleura and some superficial lung lesions. It can aid clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of various thoracic conditions that affect cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Babkine
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada.
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