Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Bordetellose der Pute

Isolation and characterisation of Bordetella avium and related species and an evaluation of their role in respiratory disease in poultry

A total of 24 Gram negative non fermentative bacteria obtained from poultry were compared with reference strains of Bordetella avium, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bordetella bronchiseptica and a Bordetella avium-like organism. Thirteen isolates were identified as B. avium and 11 were identified as B. avium-like. A commercial microidentification kit (the API2ONE) did not identify the field isolates but did separate them correctly into the 2 groups. A practical identification scheme, suitable for diagnostic laboratories, is proposed for these organisms. The available clinical histories suggest that B. avium is associated with upper respiratory tract disease in turkeys.

A note on the isoprenoid quinone content of Bordetella avium and related species

The isoprenoid quinone content of isolates of Bordetella avium (four strains), Alcaligenes faecalis (one strain), Bordetella bronchiseptica (one strain) and a Bordetella avium-like organism (four strains) was determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. All the isolates contained ubiquinones with eight isoprene units as the major component. No menaquinones were detected.

An evaluation of two methods of substrate alkalinization for the identification of Bordetella avium and other similar organisms

The effect of using two different techniques for the detection of substrate alkalinization by Bordetella avium and reference strains of Alcaligenes faecalis and B. bronchiseptica was evaluated. The techniques used were those described by Otto and Pickett and Hinz et al. Each test was in tubes sealed by either screw caps or cotton wool plugs. The alkalinization patterns obtained depended upon both the technique and the type of seal used.

Passive immunisation of turkey poults against turkey coryza (bordetellosis) by vaccination of parent breeders

Seventy turkey parent breeders were vaccinated subcutaneously at 24 and 28 weeks of age with a bacterin consisting of equal parts of a heat-inactivated suspension of the coryza producing Bordetella-like strain IPDH 591-77 and Freund's complete adjuvant. One group of 70 breeder hens served as un-vaccinated controls. Two and 3.5 months after the second vaccination eggs were collected and incubated. After hatching, 3-day-old poults from vaccinated and unvaccinated hens were challenged by direct-contact exposure to artificially infected poults. The results of clinical, cultural and histopathological examinations indicated that the majority of the progeny of vaccinated turkey breeder hens was protected against infection with the bacterial turkey coryza agent within the first 10 to 17 days after hatching. Agglutinating antibodies against the turkey coryza agent could be detected in vaccinated hens as well as in their progeny.

[Immunisation of turkey poults against bordetellosis with an adjuvant vaccine]

Turkey poults obtained from a commercial source were vaccinated with a water-in-mineral oil vaccine consisting of one part complete Freund's adjuvant and one part of a watery suspension of heat-inactivated Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica-like organisms. Birds of group A received one dose of vaccine at 4 days of age, group B received one vaccination at 4 days of age and a second vaccination at 27 days of age. The vaccine was injected subcutaneously at the base of the neck. A third group (C) of poults served as a non-vaccinated control and a fourth group (D) as a negative control. At the 41st day of age birds of groups A, B and C were challenged by infraorbital inoculation of viable virulent organisms. Eight days later all birds of groups A, B, C and D were killed and examined for pathological changes and samples from the respiratory tract were cultured for B. bronchiseptica-like organisms. The vaccine produced a reversible tissue reaction of an acceptable degree at the site of inoculation in approximately 30% of the birds after the first vaccination and in most of the birds after the second vaccination. The results of these experiments show that one vaccination at 4 days of age does not give a full protection. However, after two vaccinations full protection could be observed. The vaccine was also effective in increasing the clearance rate of B. bronchiseptica-like organisms from the trachea. Results of cultural examination 8 days post-challenge revealed the presence of viable organisms in 100% of the non-vaccinated birds but only in 50% of the poults immunised once and in only 25% of the birds immunised twice with the oil adjuvant vaccine. Both vaccination and challenge induced the production of agglutinating antibodies against the heat labile antigen of the Bordetella strains used.