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Giuliotti L, Benvenuti M, Martini A, Accorsi P, Lotti C, Cappucci A, Conte G. Assessment of blood and productive parameters in mid-lactation dairy cows fed different diets: replacement of corn silage with triticale silage. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:223-229. [PMID: 35693298 PMCID: PMC9175660 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-223-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn crops require large amounts of resources that affect the
environmental sustainability of dairy cow farming systems. The aim of the
study was thus to investigate the effects of the replacement of corn silage
(CS) with triticale silage (TS) by evaluating blood and productive
parameters. The study lasted 7 weeks and involved two groups of 20
Italian Holstein Friesian dairy cows that were homogeneous in terms of
parity (3±1.5), days in milk (DIM) (150±85.0), and daily
milk production (26±4.6 kg). Chemical analysis of feeds was carried out weekly. Dry-matter intake was
estimated daily. At the beginning and end of the trial, haematological,
metabolic, and immunological parameters were analysed. At the same, time
body weight and body condition score were measured. Milk characteristics
were also analysed weekly. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA on data of the second sampling, and a non-parametric test was performed to analyse BCS. Regarding the haematological parameters in the two groups, only lymphocyte
values were not in the normal range (2.86 and 2.50×109 L
for CS and TS, respectively). Metabolic parameters were in the normal range
except for blood ureic nitrogen (BUN; 13.65 and 14.04 mgdL-1), non-esterified
fatty acids (NEFAs; 21.40 and 31.93 µmolL-1), and Cl (91.99 and 93.50 mmolL-1). Hair cortisol was low (0.94 and 0.91 pgmg-1), indicating the absence of stress signs, as confirmed by the results
of other immunological parameters (serum
lysozyme (SL), bactericidal activity (SBA), haptoglobin (HP), and oxygen free radicals (OFRs)). Statistical differences were not found either for haematological or
biochemical parameters. The total replacement of CS with TS did not affect
milk yield and composition. In conclusion, the replacement of CS by TS did not give rise to significant
modifications in the parameters investigated and did not alter the health
status of the animals, thus suggesting the feasibility of its introduction
into the diet of mid-lactation dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorella Giuliotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Martini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, University of Firenze, Florence 50144, Italy
| | - Pier Attilio Accorsi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO) 40064, Italy
| | - Claudia Lotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems, University of Firenze, Florence 50144, Italy
| | - Alice Cappucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
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Loi F, Pilo G, Franzoni G, Re R, Fusi F, Bertocchi L, Santucci U, Lorenzi V, Rolesu S, Nicolussi P. Welfare Assessment: Correspondence Analysis of Welfare Score and Hematological and Biochemical Profiles of Dairy Cows in Sardinia, Italy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:854. [PMID: 33802999 PMCID: PMC8002757 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for animal welfare definition and assessment is increasing worldwide, and several studies have been conducted to help fill the knowledge gaps regarding the welfare of cattle. However, further studies are needed to provide valid synthetized measures for welfare evaluation. The aim of this study was to assess the welfare status of 16 Sardinian dairy cattle farms, based on the developed Animal Welfare and Biosecurity Evaluation checklist (AWB-EF) and the corresponding hematological, biochemical, and electrophoretic profiles of these animals. Considering the AWB-EF as gold standard, blood samples were collected from 230 Holstein breed dairy cattle, aged between 3 and 8 years, out of the periparturient period, and with no clinical signs of specific pathologies. Principal Component (PC) and correlation analyses were performed to simplify phenomena interpretation and assess positive/negative associations. Four PCs were able to explain 76% of the total variability, and six laboratory parameters were strongly associated with the AWB-EF score (Spearman's correlation coefficient ≥ 0.40, p-Value < 0.05), reflecting the real health status of the animals. Given the complexity of animal welfare as a multidimensional concept and the need to include both animal-based and non-based measures in welfare evaluation, the present work represents a sound basis for future evaluation and veterinary health planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Loi
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico Veterinario Regionale della Sardegna, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna “G. Pegreffi”, Via XX Settembre 9, 09125 Cagliari, Italy; (F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Giovannantonio Pilo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna “G. Pegreffi”, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.); (R.R.); (P.N.)
| | - Giulia Franzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna “G. Pegreffi”, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.); (R.R.); (P.N.)
| | - Rossana Re
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna “G. Pegreffi”, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.); (R.R.); (P.N.)
| | - Francesca Fusi
- Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Welfare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.F.); (L.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Luigi Bertocchi
- Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Welfare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.F.); (L.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Ugo Santucci
- Italian Ministry of Health, Directorate-General for Animal Health and Veterinary Medicines, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Roma, Italy;
| | - Valentina Lorenzi
- Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Welfare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.F.); (L.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Sandro Rolesu
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico Veterinario Regionale della Sardegna, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna “G. Pegreffi”, Via XX Settembre 9, 09125 Cagliari, Italy; (F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Paola Nicolussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna “G. Pegreffi”, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.P.); (R.R.); (P.N.)
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3
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Corsetti S, Borruso S, Di Traglia M, Lai O, Alfieri L, Villavecchia A, Cariola G, Spaziani A, Natoli E. Bold personality makes domestic dogs entering a shelter less vulnerable to diseases. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193794. [PMID: 29596432 PMCID: PMC5875777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognised that for vertebrate species, personalities vary along an axis with extremes represented by ‘proactive’ and ‘reactive‘ individuals. The aim of this study was to verify whether there is a relationship between personality and disease vulnerability in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) exposed to an intensely stressful situation such as entering a shelter. Twenty-eight shelter dogs participated in the study. The ethogram consisted of approximately 100 behavioural patterns. Behavioural observations of dogs in their new environment, a Novel Object and a T-maze test were used to evaluate the personality of the dogs captured as strays and entering the shelter. A blood sample from each dog was obtained at admission into the shelter and after a month to evaluate their immunological state. Based on PCA analyses of observational combined with experimental data, the dogs were ordered along the boldness-shyness axis, with the first being the boldest. Excluding one (the 6th), the first 10 dogs showed an improved health status: absence of disease symptoms during the 30 days of monitoring and improved immunological parameters; the opposite was found for shy dogs. The results of this research seem to confirm findings in other vertebrate species, i.e., bold and shy dog vulnerability to diseases might be different, especially when they must cope with a stressful and highly infectious environment such as a dog shelter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Corsetti
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Borruso
- Biology and Biotechnology Department, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Di Traglia
- Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Lai
- Experimental Zoo-prophylactic Institute Latium and Tuscany, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Alfieri
- Experimental Zoo-prophylactic Institute Latium and Tuscany, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Eugenia Natoli
- Interzonal Dog Shelter, Local Health Unit Rome 3, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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4
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Trevisi E, Bertoni G. Some physiological and biochemical methods for acute and chronic stress evaluationin dairy cows. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s1.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Agazzi A, Cattaneo D, Dell’Orto V, Moroni P, Bonizzi L, Pasotto D, Bronzo V, Savoini G. Effect of administration of fish oil on aspects of cell-mediated immune response in periparturient dairy goats. Small Rumin Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Amadori M, Archetti IL, Frasnelli M, Bagni M, Olzi E, Caronna G, Lanteri M. An immunological approach to the evaluation of welfare in Holstein Frisian cattle. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE B. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. SERIES B 1997; 44:321-7. [PMID: 9283283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1997.tb00982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical immunological and haematological parameters, along with clinical conditions and growth rate, were studied in 413 male Holstein Frisian calves introduced into a large centre for genetic selection in different seasons of the year. Abnormalities were revealed by the laboratory tests in the great majority of calves after transportation stress, a general tendency to the restoration of physiological values being evident thereafter. Laboratory parameters were highly correlated with disease conditions: with three exceptions only, animals showed altered laboratory parameters some days before the occurrence of clinical symptoms. Eighteen per cent of animals showed altered laboratory parameters with no obvious clinical signs of disease; yet they experienced a reduced weight gain. Results suggest that clinical immunological and haematological parameters could be the foundation of a new, large-scale, robust approach to the control of welfare in cattle, which should be integrated preferably by a further range of records and measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amadori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia, Brescia, Italy
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Berneri C, Amadori M, Ceccarelli A, Guadagnini PF, Bolzani E. Comparative evaluation of specific vaccines and immuno-modulators in disease control of beef cattle. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE B. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. SERIES B 1991; 38:60-77. [PMID: 1905869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1991.tb00847.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two field trials were undertaken to evaluate specific vaccines and Biological Response Modifiers (B.R.M.) with regard to disease control of beef cattle. Clinical data and laboratory results strongly suggested a genetically determined resistance to transportation stress of some cattle breeds, with possible important consequences on the occurrence of multi-factor diseases. Plenty of calves showed detectable levels of serum interferon and a remarkable activation of at least some lymphocyte populations in the first days after arrival. In general, B.R.M.-treated cattle could better react against environmental pathogens, as evidenced by both clinical and laboratory findings. Several data emerged that even the efficacy of specific vaccines could be largely accounted for by a positive modulation of non-specific immunity; this latter feature can be mainly referred to adjuvants and/or some bacterial antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berneri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia, Brescia, Italy
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8
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Nagahata H, Kojima N, Higashitani I, Ogawa H, Noda H. Postnatal changes in lymphocyte function of dairy calves. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE B. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. SERIES B 1991; 38:49-54. [PMID: 2063643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1991.tb00845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte blastogenic response, B-lymphocyte population and antibody-producing activity of lymphocytes were determined to evaluate the lymphocyte function in neonatal calves during the first 4 weeks of life. The mean percentage of B-lymphocytes ranged from 10.2 to 12.5% during the first 14 days of life and from 15.3 to 17.5% in calves from the day 21 to day 28 after birth. The absolute number of B-lymphocytes increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from 370/microliters at birth to 736/microliters on day 28 after birth. The mean stimulation index of blastogenic response, measured by fluorometric assay, ranged from 5.75 to 6.61 with Con A, from 5.29 to 5.98 with PHA and from 1.89 to 2.50 with PWM. The mean (+/- S.D.) number of plaque forming cells ranged from 22.0 (+/- 12.0) to 24.7 (+/- 9.2) in cultured lymphocytes from 5 calves at birth to 14 days after birth and their levels increased markedly from 137.8 (+/- 88.3) to 162.0 (+/- 57.8) in lymphocytes from 20 days to 28 days after birth. The present study showed that antibody-producing activity of lymphocytes is lower in calves within 3 weeks after birth compared to that of calves 3 weeks after birth, indicating that neonatal calf lymphocytes have a low antibody-producing activity at least up to 1 month after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nagahata
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Ponti W, Amadori M, Agnoletti F, Bonizzi L, Peri E, Caldora C. Characterization of some parameters of non-specific immunity in beef cattle (II). ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE B. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. SERIES B 1989; 36:402-8. [PMID: 2800784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1989.tb00620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Serum protein, immunoglobulins, complement, lysozyme, serum bactericidal activity and blast transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes were tested in beef cattle in different herds and age groups. These parameters were evaluated in their time-kinetics, in comparison with age-matched groups of dairy cattle. Like dairy calves, beef calves up to 4 months of age were shown to have low levels of serum bactericidal activity and haemolytic complement; besides, a worse profile was detected in serum protein and gamma 2 globulin levels. Al(OH)3 and oil-adjuvanted vaccines had a favourable influence on immunoglobulin and lysozyme synthesis. An acute stressing event like transportation was shown to decrease mitogen-driven lymphocyte stimulation for at least 10 days after arrival.
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