1
|
Cheng J, Zeng D, Zhang T, Zhang L, Han X, Zhou P, Wang L, He J, Han Q. Microascus cirrosus SZ 2021: A potentially new genotype of Microascus cirrosus, which can cause fatal pulmonary infection in patients with acute leukemia following haplo‑HSCT. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:404. [PMID: 37522054 PMCID: PMC10375443 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncommon Microascus cirrosus (M. cirrosus) species have been reported to cause an increasing number of subcutaneous and invasive fungal infections worldwide; since the first human infection was reported in 1992, seven cases have been reported in PubMed. The present study reports a novel genotype named M. cirrosus SZ 2021 isolated from a patient undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, who exhibited extensive drug resistance and suffered a fatal pulmonary infection. This isolated M. cirrosus was cultured and determined by morphological observation, multi-locus sequence typing, matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and whole genome sequencing by next-generation sequencing. The whole nucleotide sequence (32.61 Mb) has been uploaded in the NCBI database (PRJNA835605). In addition, M. cirrosus SZ 2021 was not sensitive to the commonly used antifungal drugs, including fluconazole, amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine and caspofungin. The current literature on human infections by M. cirrosus was reviewed to closely define the comprehensive clinical characteristics and etiological identification. In brief, the present study identified a new M. cirrosus and summarized the clinical characteristics of fungal pneumonia by M. cirrosus species. Complete laboratory identification methods from morphology to gene sequencing were also established for an improved etiological identification and further investigation into the real prevalence of invasive pneumonia by M. cirrosus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cheng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Daxiong Zeng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Han
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
- Department of Human Leukocyte Antigen Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215031, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhen Han
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Y, Zhu X, Hou Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wang L, Liu L, Duan J, Jibril SM, Li C. RNA-Based Analysis Reveals High Diversity of Plant-Associated Active Fungi in the Atmosphere. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:683266. [PMID: 34531834 PMCID: PMC8438332 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.683266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are ubiquitous in nature; that is, they are present everywhere on the planet; understanding the active state and functional capacity of airborne microbes associated with health of human, animal, and plant is critical for biosafety management. Here, we firstly and directly proved that there were about 40% active fungi in the air via rRNA amplicon sequencing and imaging flow cytometry simultaneously. Amplicon sequencing analysis showed differences between structures of active and total fungal community; Ascomycota were dominant in the active community, while Basidiomycota have low transcriptional activity across all samples. Notably, plant pathogenic fungi were predominant in the air, and more than 50% were active, including not only several common plant pathogens but also biotrophic fungi (Erysiphe sp. and Microbotryum sp.) and host-specific pathogens, which were generally considered to be inactive after leaving the host. Putative plant pathogens of eight genera were found active across the sampling season, indicating their superior ability to obtain nutrients even in barren nutrient environments. Interestingly, we detected several potentially active unrecorded fungi in China (Diatrype prominens, Septofusidium herbarum, Pseudomicrostroma glucosiphilum, and Uromycladium tepperianum), which suggested that they spread over a long distance by air and may cause diseases under favorable conditions. Our results suggested that maintaining transmission in air is an essential feature of many fungi including plant pathogens regardless of being a biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, or necrotrophic group. Moreover, two potentially active human pathogens and one animal pathogen were captured, which indicated their potential risks. This study provided a new perspective for more comprehensive understanding of airborne fungi, including their multidimensional lifestyle, state, functioning, and potential pathogenic risk. It also laid the foundation for further prediction and management of airborne microbial communities, which would be of interest for public health and agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xishen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ziqiong Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingrong Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sauban Musa Jibril
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pérez-Cantero A, Guarro J. Current knowledge on the etiology and epidemiology of Scopulariopsis infections. Med Mycol 2020; 58:145-155. [PMID: 31329937 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scopulariopsis is a common fungus in the environment, characterized by its intrinsic resistance to the available antifungal drugs. Around 70 cases of infection by this fungus have been described in the literature. Pulmonary and disseminated infections are the most common and their treatment is difficult; therefore, very diverse approaches have been taken, with varied results. A successful outcome has been reported in only a few cases, generally attributed to a multitreatment strategy combining medical and surgical procedures that ultimately led to the resection of the infected tissue if possible, identification of the mould, and an aggressive long-term antifungal therapy. Although most of the infections are caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, a few other species have also been linked to these cases, although molecular evidence has not been proven for all of them. On this basis, more knowledge on the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these unusual infections would improve their management. This review aims to compile the current data on Scopulariopsis infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV). Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao L, Chen J, Gao D, Li M. Primary cutaneous infection due to Microascus cirrosus: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:604. [PMID: 30509190 PMCID: PMC6276154 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microascus cirrosus, the teleomorph of Scopulariopsis spp., is a saprobic species with a worldwide distribution and rarely causes human infection. In the present paper, we present the first case of primary cutaneous M. cirrosus infection in a Chinese female. Case presentation A 17-year-old female presented with tender ulceration on her left ankle for three months. Histology revealed multiple branching, septate hyphae and moniliform fungal elements in the dermis. Tissue culture grew M. cirrosus, the teleomorph of Scopulariopsis spp., characterized by intercalary and ballooned, chlamydospore-like structures, annellidic and ampulliform conidiogenous cells along with truncated, bullet-shaped, smooth conidia and globose perithecial ascomata with cylindrical necks. Further molecular sequencing confirmed the identification. A diagnosis of primary cutaneous infection due to M. cirrosus was made. Treatment with itraconazole 200 mg per day for 10 weeks achieved significant improvement of the skin lesions. Conclusions This case of uncommon mycotic cutaneous infection highlights the importance of mycological examination that help to recognize rare pathogenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Di Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Identification of infectious agents in onychomycoses by PCR-terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 50:553-61. [PMID: 22170903 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.05164-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast and reliable assay for the identification of dermatophyte fungi and nondermatophyte fungi (NDF) in onychomycosis is essential, since NDF are especially difficult to cure using standard treatment. Diagnosis is usually based on both direct microscopic examination of nail scrapings and macroscopic and microscopic identification of the infectious fungus in culture assays. In the last decade, PCR assays have been developed for the direct detection of fungi in nail samples. In this study, we describe a PCR-terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) assay to directly and routinely identify the infecting fungi in nails. Fungal DNA was easily extracted using a commercial kit after dissolving nail fragments in an Na(2)S solution. Trichophyton spp., as well as 12 NDF, could be unambiguously identified by the specific restriction fragment size of 5'-end-labeled amplified 28S DNA. This assay enables the distinction of different fungal infectious agents and their identification in mixed infections. Infectious agents could be identified in 74% (162/219) of cases in which the culture results were negative. The PCR-TRFLP assay described here is simple and reliable. Furthermore, it has the possibility to be automated and thus routinely applied to the rapid diagnosis of a large number of clinical specimens in dermatology laboratories.
Collapse
|