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Dascalu J, Zaaroura H, Renert-Yuval Y, Khamaysi Z, Avitan-Hersh E, Friedland R. Pediatric Tinea Capitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study from 2010 to 2021. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030366. [PMID: 36983534 PMCID: PMC10054890 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric tinea capitis displays a wide range of prevalence, with significant variability among populations. We retrospectively extracted the medical records of 456 pediatric patients diagnosed with tinea capitis during the years 2010–2021, from the dermatology outpatient clinics in two tertiary medical centers. Three species were isolated in 90% of patients: T. tonsurans, M. canis, and T. violaceum. While T. tonsurans presented a six-fold increase in incidence during the years 2019–2021, M. canis maintained stable incidence rates. Furthermore, terbinafine was the most efficient antifungal agent against T. tonsurans, achieving complete clinical clearance in 95% of patients, as compared to fluconazole (68%) and griseofulvin (38%) (p < 0.001). The mycological cure was recorded in 61/90 (68%) of patients with available data, at an average of 10 weeks. For patients with M. canis, griseofulvin and fluconazole were equally efficient (73% and 66%, respectively) (p = 0.44). Kerion was described in 36% and 14% of patients with T. tonsurans and M. canis, respectively, (p < 0.001). In conclusion, since 2019, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of T. tonsurans, establishing this pathogen as the most common cause for tinea capitis in our population. Our data suggest that terbinafine is effective and presents high cure rates for tinea capitis in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Dascalu
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3525408, Israel; (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Z.K.)
| | - Hiba Zaaroura
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3525408, Israel; (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Z.K.)
| | - Yael Renert-Yuval
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel;
| | - Ziyad Khamaysi
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3525408, Israel; (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Z.K.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Emily Avitan-Hersh
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3525408, Israel; (J.D.); (H.Z.); (Z.K.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
- Correspondence: (E.A.-H.); (R.F.)
| | - Rivka Friedland
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel;
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: (E.A.-H.); (R.F.)
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2
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Wang M, Zhao Y, Cao L, Luo S, Ni B, Zhang Y, Chen Z. Transcriptome sequencing revealed the inhibitory mechanism of ketoconazole on clinical Microsporum canis. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e4. [PMID: 33522156 PMCID: PMC7850795 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microsporum canis is a zoonotic disease that can cause dermatophytosis in animals and humans. Objectives In clinical practice, ketoconazole (KTZ) and other imidazole drugs are commonly used to treat M. canis infection, but its molecular mechanism is not completely understood. The antifungal mechanism of KTZ needs to be studied in detail. Methods In this study, one strain of fungi was isolated from a canine suffering with clinical dermatosis and confirmed as M. canis by morphological observation and sequencing analysis. The clinically isolated M. canis was treated with KTZ and transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes in M. canis exposed to KTZ compared with those unexposed thereto. Results At half-inhibitory concentration (½MIC), compared with the control group, 453 genes were significantly up-regulated and 326 genes were significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis verified the transcriptome results of RNA sequencing. Gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the 3 pathways of RNA polymerase, steroid biosynthesis, and ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes are closely related to the antifungal mechanism of KTZ. Conclusions The results indicated that KTZ may change cell membrane permeability, destroy the cell wall, and inhibit mitosis and transcriptional regulation through CYP51, SQL, ERG6, ATM, ABCB1, SC, KER33, RPA1, and RNP genes in the 3 pathways. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the effective control of M. canis infection and the effect of KTZ on fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lingfang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Silong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Binyan Ni
- Qingdao Vetlab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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3
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Friedland R, Reiss-Huss S, Sabbah F, Ben Amitai D. Clinical clues and trends in epidemiology and pathogens in paediatric tinea capitis: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:50-56. [PMID: 34236716 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis is the most common dermatophyte infection in children. Pathogens differ between populations. During the past few decades pathogen shifts have been reported in many countries around the world. This study aimed to characterize the pathogens involved in tinea capitis in a large tertiary paediatric medical centre in Israel. METHODS The electronic medical records of the dermatology unit were searched for patients diagnosed with tinea capitis from 2010 to 2019, and demographic, clinical and mycological data were retrieved. A stepwise logistic regression was performed to determine the variables most significantly associated with positive cultures. RESULTS The prevalence of Trichophyton tonsurans isolates was found to be significantly increased during 2019. In the logistic regression analysis, alopecia was most significantly associated with a positive culture (OR = 8.72, 95% CI 4.29-17.7, P < 0.001) while positive culture was also associated with age (OR = 1.11 per year of age, 95% CI 1.02-1.22, P = 0.01) and Ethiopian ethnicity (OR = 3.67, 95% CI 1.42-9.45, P = 0.01). The presentation of alopecia was significantly related to having a positive culture. This symptom was more prevalent in boys than in girls, and the diagnosis of tinea capitis was delayed by an average of 2 months in girls. CONCLUSION The results of this study may herald a pathogen shift in Israel. Physicians should be aware that rates of alopecia are lower in girls and this can result in delayed diagnosis and the development of complications, including chronicity, scarring alopecia and kerion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Friedland
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Reiss-Huss
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - F Sabbah
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Ben Amitai
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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4
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He M, Zeng J, Mao Y, Zheng Y, Lian X, Chen H. Aetiological changes of tinea capitis in the Hubei area in 60 years: Focus on adult tinea capitis. Mycoses 2021; 64:1527-1534. [PMID: 33978260 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis is a common dermatophyte infection of the scalp primarily affecting children, with less frequent, though not rare, observation in adults. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess changes in the causative agents of adult tinea capitis over a 60-year period in the Hubei area. METHODS A retrospective, single-centre study was performed on 164 adults with tinea capitis between 1960 and 2020. RESULTS Out of 1113 cases of tinea capitis, 164 patients were adults, representing 14.7% of all patients. Adult tinea capitis was slightly more prevalent in males (91, 55.5%) than in females (73, 44.5%), but gender difference was not statistically significant between adults and children. Adult tinea capitis was most prevalent between the ages of 18 and 29 years, with a mean age of 22 years. Trichophyton schoenleinii was the most common dermatophyte in adult tinea capitis (78, 47.6%), followed by Trichophyton violaceum (58, 35.4%). Most adult tinea capitis cases before the 1980s were caused by T. schoenleinii, but T. violaceum has become the leading pathogen for recent adult tinea capitis cases. CONCLUSION Tinea capitis is not a disease exclusive to children. On the contrary, an upward trend of tinea capitis in adults has been observed in recent years. T. violaceum has become the dominant causative agent of adult tinea capitis in the Hubei area, replacing T. schoenleinii. These results provide a better understanding of the treatment and prevention of tinea capitis in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen He
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingsi Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yehong Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuechen Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Lian
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Mayser P, Nenoff P, Reinel D, Abeck D, Brasch J, Daeschlein G, Effendy I, Ginter-Hanselmayer G, Gräser Y, Hipler UC, Höger P, Kolb-Mäurer A, Ott H, Schaller M, Zidane M. S1 guidelines: Tinea capitis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 18:161-179. [PMID: 32026639 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tinea capitis describes a dermatophyte infection of scalp and hair that predominately occurs in children. The diagnostic workup includes microscopic examination, culture and/or molecular tests. Treatment is guided by the specific organism involved and should consist of systemic agents as well as adjuvant topical treatment. The aim of the present update of the interdisciplinary German S1 guidelines is to provide dermatologists, pediatricians and general practitioners with a decision tool for selecting and implementing appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures in patients with tinea capitis. The guidelines were developed based on current international guidelines, in particular the 2010 European Society for Pediatric Dermatology guidelines and the 2014 British Association of Dermatologists guidelines, as well as on a review of the literature conducted by the guideline committee. This multidisciplinary committee consists of representatives from the German Society of Dermatology (DDG), the German-Speaking Mycological Society (DMykG), the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology (DGHM), the German Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ) and the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI). The Division of Evidence-based Medicine (dEBM) provided methodological assistance. The guidelines were approved by the participating medical societies following a comprehensive internal and external review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro Nenoff
- Partnership Pietro Nenoff, PhD, MD & Constanze Krüger, MD, Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, Rötha OT Mölbis, Germany
| | | | | | - Jochen Brasch
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg Daeschlein
- Department of Dermatology, Greifswald University Medical Center, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Isaak Effendy
- Department of Dermatology, Bielefeld Medical Center, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Yvonne Gräser
- National Reference Laboratory for Dermatophytes, Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter Höger
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Dermatology/Allergology, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Kolb-Mäurer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Ott
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology and Allergology, Auf der Bult, Hanover, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Tübingen University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Zidane
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Division of Evidence-based Medicine (dEBM) and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Rodríguez‐Cerdeira C, Martínez‐Herrera E, Szepietowski J, Pinto‐Almazán R, Frías‐De‐León M, Espinosa‐Hernández V, Chávez‐Gutiérrez E, García‐Salazar E, Vega‐Sánchez D, Arenas R, Hay R, Saunte D. A systematic review of worldwide data on tinea capitis: analysis of the last 20 years. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:844-883. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Rodríguez‐Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Dermatology Department Hospital do Meixoeiro and University of Vigo Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - E. Martínez‐Herrera
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - J.C. Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
| | - R. Pinto‐Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - M.G. Frías‐De‐León
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - V.M. Espinosa‐Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - E. Chávez‐Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - E. García‐Salazar
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - D.C. Vega‐Sánchez
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Sección de Micología Hospital General ‘Dr. Manuel Gea González’ Ciudad de México México
| | - R. Arenas
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Sección de Micología Hospital General ‘Dr. Manuel Gea González’ Ciudad de México México
| | - R. Hay
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology King's College London London UK
| | - D.M. Saunte
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
- Health Sciences Faculty University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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7
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Mayser P, Nenoff P, Reinel D, Abeck D, Brasch J, Daeschlein G, Effendy I, Ginter-Hanselmayer G, Gräser Y, Hipler UC, Höger P, Kolb-Mäurer A, Ott H, Schaller M, Zidane M. S1‐Leitlinie Tinea capitis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 18:161-180. [PMID: 32026649 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14026_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pietro Nenoff
- Partnerschaft Prof. Dr. med. Pietro Nenoff & Dr. med. Constanze Krüger, Labor für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Rötha OT Mölbis, Deutschland
| | | | | | - Jochen Brasch
- Universitäts-Hautklinik Kiel, Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Georg Daeschlein
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Klinik und Poliklinik für Hautkrankheiten, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - Isaak Effendy
- Hautklinik, Klinikum der Stadt Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Deutschland
| | | | - Yvonne Gräser
- Konsiliarlaboratorium für Dermatophyten, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - Peter Höger
- Pädiatrie und Pädiatrische Dermatologie/Allergologie, Katholisches Kinderkrankenhaus Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Annette Kolb-Mäurer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - Hagen Ott
- Pädiatrische Dermatologie und Allergologie, Auf der Bult, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Martin Schaller
- Universitäts-Hautklinik Tübingen, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Miriam Zidane
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology und Allergology, Division of Evidence-based Medicine (dEBM) and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
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8
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Zhang F, Tan C, Xu Y, Yang G. FSH1 regulates the phenotype and pathogenicity of the pathogenic dermatophyte Microsporum canis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:2047-2056. [PMID: 31573050 PMCID: PMC6844631 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporum canis (M. canis) is a common pathogen that causes tinea capitis and is present worldwide. The incidence of M. canis infection, particularly tinea capitis, has been increasing in China. In our previous studies, family of serine hydrolases 1 (FSH1) was identified as a potential virulence factor in tinea capitis infection caused by M. canis. To determine the function of this gene in M. canis, FSH1 was knocked down using double-stranded RNA interference mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was used to confirm gene knockdown. Loss of FSH1 expression by RNAi resulted in a minor phenotype alteration, but M. canis pathogenicity in guinea pig cutaneous infection was decreased compared with the wild-type strain. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that FSH1 is associated with macroconidia septa formation and is an important contributor to M. canis virulence. These findings may advance the understanding of the function of the FSH1 gene and provide a foundation for future studies on macroconidia septa formation and pathogenicity of M. canis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan 11736, P.R. China
| | - Can Tan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan 11736, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Anjing Town, Chengdu, Sichuan 11736, P.R. China
| | - Guoling Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan 11736, P.R. China
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9
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Peixoto RRGB, Meneses OMS, da Silva FO, Donati A, Veasey JV. Tinea Capitis: Correlation of Clinical Aspects, Findings on Direct Mycological Examination, and Agents Isolated from Fungal Culture. Int J Trichology 2019; 11:232-235. [PMID: 32030056 PMCID: PMC6984041 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_88_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tinea capitis (TC) is a dermatophytosis of the scalp caused by the Trichophyton and Microsporum genera. The condition can be classified according to clinical symptoms or based on mycological presentations observed on direct examination. Treatment is best determined after isolation of the causative agent, with griseofulvin indicated for Microsporum and terbinafine for Trichophyton. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study correlating clinical and mycological classifications with agents isolated from culture of patients seen at a tertiary hospital in São Paulo (Brazil) between May 15, 2017, and January 11, 2019. Results: A total of 23 patients were treated, comprising 19 (83%) with alopecic clinical aspect (14 [60%] trichophytic and five [23%] microsporic) and 4 (17%) with kerion celsi presentation. According to the parasite invasion at the hair shaft, 9 (40%) were endothrix and 14 (60%) were ectothrix cases. Trichophyton tonsurans was isolated from culture in 14 (60%) patients and Microsporum canis in 5 (40%) patients. A statistically significant association was found for mycological classification and agent isolated from culture (P = 0.003) with associations of the endothrix form with T. tonsurans and of ectothrix with M. canis. Conclusions: The mycological classification appears to be a valid method for suggesting the etiological agent of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aline Donati
- Department of Dermatology, Servidor Publico Municipal of São Paulo Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Baranová Z, Kampe T, Dorko E, Rimárová K. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of dermatophytoses in Eastern Slovakia: a retrospective three-year study. Cent Eur J Public Health 2018; 26 Suppl:S72-S75. [DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Veasey JV, Miguel BAF, Mayor SAS, Zaitz C, Muramatu LH, Serrano JA. Epidemiological profile of tinea capitis in São Paulo City. An Bras Dermatol 2017; 92:283-284. [PMID: 28538903 PMCID: PMC5429129 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20175463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinea capitis is the most common fungal infection in children. The identification
of the etiologic agent helps clinicians make their therapeutic choice. Studies
conducted in different countries show a changing pattern of the main etiological
agents according to their regions. We performed a retrospective study in the
tertiary public service in São Paulo, analyzing the isolated etiological
agents in patients with tinea capitis from March 2013 to May 2015.
Microsporum canis was the main agent (56.6%), followed by
Trichophyton tonsurans (36.6%). Despite recent migratory
movements in the city, we observed no change in the causative agent of tinea
capitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Verrinder Veasey
- Dermatology Clinic at Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | | | | | - Clarisse Zaitz
- Dermatology Clinic at Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Laura Hitomi Muramatu
- Mycology Laboratory at Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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12
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Ziegler W, Lempert S, Goebeler M, Kolb-Mäurer A. Tinea capitis: Erregerspektrum und Epidemiologie im zeitlichen Wandel. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:818-26. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12885_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Ziegler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie; Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - Sigrid Lempert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie; Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie; Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - Annette Kolb-Mäurer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie; Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
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Ziegler W, Lempert S, Goebeler M, Kolb-Mäurer A. Tinea capitis: temporal shift in pathogens and epidemiology. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:818-25. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Ziegler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology; University Hospital Würzburg; Germany
| | - Sigrid Lempert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology; University Hospital Würzburg; Germany
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology; University Hospital Würzburg; Germany
| | - Annette Kolb-Mäurer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology; University Hospital Würzburg; Germany
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Hayette MP, Sacheli R. Dermatophytosis, Trends in Epidemiology and Diagnostic Approach. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-015-0231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pires CAA, Cruz NFSD, Lobato AM, Sousa POD, Carneiro FRO, Mendes AMD. Clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic profile of dermatophytosis. An Bras Dermatol 2014; 89:259-64. [PMID: 24770502 PMCID: PMC4008056 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cutaneous mycoses, mainly caused by dermatophyte fungi, are among the most
common fungal infections worldwide. It is estimated that 10% to 15% of the
population will be infected by a dermatophyte at some point in their lives, thus
making this a group of diseases with great public health importance. OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic profile of
dermatophytosis in patients enrolled at the Dermatology service of Universidade do
Estado do Pará, Brazil, from July 2010 to September 2012. METHOD A total of 145 medical records of patients diagnosed with dermatophytosis were
surveyed. Data were collected and subsequently recorded according to a protocol
developed by the researchers. This protocol consisted of information regarding
epidemiological and clinical aspects of the disease and the therapy employed. RESULTS The main clinical form of dermatophyte infection was onychomycosis, followed by
tinea corporis, tinea pedis, and tinea capitis. Furthermore, the female population
and the age group of 51 to 60 years were the most affected. Regarding therapy,
there was a preference for treatments that combine topical and systemic drugs, and
the most widely used drugs were fluconazole (systemic) and ciclopirox olamine
(topical). CONCLUSION This study showed the importance of recurrent analysis of the epidemiological
profile of dermatophytosis to enable correct therapeutic and preventive management
of these conditions, which have significant clinical consequences, with chronic,
difficult-totreat lesions that can decrease patient quality of life and cause
disfigurement.
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Abstract
Microsporum canis is a pathogenic fungus with worldwide distribution that causes tinea capitis in animals and humans. M. canis also causes invasive infection in immunocompromised patients. To defy pathogenic fungal infection, the host innate immune system is the first line of defense. As an important arm of innate immunity, the inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that control the activation of caspase-1, which cleaves proinflammatory cytokine pro-interleukin-1β (IL-1β) into its mature form. To determine whether the inflammasome is involved in the host defense against M. canis infection, we challenged human monocytic THP-1 cells and mouse dendritic cells with a clinical strain of M. canis isolated from patients with tinea capitis. We found that M. canis infection triggered rapid secretion of IL-1β from both THP-1 cells and mouse dendritic cells. Moreover, by using gene-specific shRNA and competitive inhibitors, we determined that M. canis-induced IL-1β secretion was dependent on NLRP3. The pathways proposed for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, namely, cathepsin B activity, K(+) efflux, and reactive oxygen species production, were all required for the inflammasome activation triggered by M. canis. Meanwhile, Syk, Dectin-1, and Card9 were found to be involved in M. canis-induced IL-1β secretion via regulation of pro-IL-1β transcription. More importantly, our data revealed that M. canis-induced production of IL-1β was dependent on the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo. Together, this study unveils that the NLRP3 inflammasome exerts a critical role in host innate immune responses against M. canis infection, and our data suggest that diseases that result from M. canis infection might be controlled by regulating the activation of inflammasomes.
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Tinea Capitis in the Paediatric Population in Milan, Italy: The Emergence of Trichophyton violaceum. Mycopathologia 2013; 176:243-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-013-9637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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