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Falceto MV, Suárez-Usbeck A, Tejedor MT, Ausejo R, Garrido AM, Mitjana O. GnRH agonists: Updating fixed-time artificial insemination protocols in sows. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:571-582. [PMID: 36748111 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in swine reproduction can help increase genetic improvement and production efficiency. Different gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists have been developed to gain better control of follicular development, timing, and ovulation quality; therefore, they have been extensively used in FTAI protocols. This literature review resumes the most important characteristics of the physiology of follicular development and ovulation in sows, followed by a discussion about the hormonal alternatives available to induce ovulation (human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG; porcine luteinizing hormone, LH and GnRH agonists). Also, ovulation induction failures with GnRH agonists are described. Finally, current FTAI protocols with GnRH agonists are resumed and discussed. FTAI with GnRH agonists has proven to be an efficient, successful reproductive protocol that can be implemented in pig farms due to better knowledge of an endocrine system that regulates follicular development and ovulation and increased availability of several GnRH agonists that allow more efficient reproductive swine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Falceto
- Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrés Suárez-Usbeck
- Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador
| | - María Teresa Tejedor
- Department of Anatomy, Embriology and Animal Genetics, CiberCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Ausejo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana María Garrido
- Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olga Mitjana
- Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
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Chen X, Yu F, Zhu Z, Huang J, Zhang L, Pan J. The effect of fixed-time artificial insemination protocol initiated at different stages of the estrous cycle on follicle development and ovulation in gilts. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:380-385. [PMID: 34657902 PMCID: PMC8668377 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormonal products have been developed for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) to improve the efficiency of swine production. Here, we evaluated the effect of an FTAI protocol initiated during different phases of the estrous cycle on follicle development and ovulation in gilts. A total of 36 gilts were equally divided into three groups designated as the luteal (L), follicular (F), and post-ovulation (O) groups and fed with 20 mg of altrenogest for 18 days, followed by intramuscular injection of 1000 IU PMSG at 42 h after withdrawal of altrenogest, and 100 μg of GnRH after an 80-h interval. The L group had the highest number of follicles 4-6 mm in diameter, as well as corpora hemorrhagica. The mRNA expression of caspase-9 in the L group were significantly lower than those in the O and F groups (P < 0.05), while CYP11A1 and VEGF mRNA expression levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Moreover, FSHR mRNA levels were significantly higher in the O group than in the L, F, and control groups (P < 0.05). LHCGR and CYP19A1 mRNA levels were the highest in the F group (P < 0.05). Thus, the changes in the expression of genes associated with follicular development, maturation, and ovulation identified in this study indicated that initiation of the FTAI protocol during the luteal phase induced a better environment for follicle development and ovulation in gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fuxian Yu
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Ningbo Kuangdai Livestock Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315181, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Ningbo Kuangdai Livestock Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315181, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jianzhi Pan
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Ningbo Kuangdai Livestock Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315181, China
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Investigation into the variation in follicular and endocrine responses of prepubertal gilts treated with exogenous gonadotropins. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 223:106622. [PMID: 33075736 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The gonadotropin compound, PG600, is used to induce estrus in prepubertal gilts, but responses can be variable. This study was conducted to evaluate PG600 effects on follicles, estrus, ovulation and estrogen production. Prepubertal gilts (n = 50) were treated with PG600. Gilts were evaluated for estrus while daily boar exposure was occurring. A sub-population of gilts (n = 12) were slaughtered on Day 3 to assess cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) immunohistochemical staining in ovarian antral follicles. Ovaries of the remaining gilts (n = 38) were evaluated on Day 3 using ultrasonography and blood samples were collected for quantifying estradiol-17β. On Day 3 following administration of PG600, 94.0 % of gilts had large follicles, but only 76.3 % had expressed behavioral estrus by Day 6. Furthermore, 92.1 % of gilts had ovulations, with 16.6 corpora lutea/gilt. There was no association of number of large follicles on Day 0 or 3 with occurrence of estrus or ovulation (P > 0.05). Estradiol-17β concentrations on Day 3 did not differ (P > 0.05) in anestrus compared to estrual gilts and varied in gilts with large antral follicles. Immuno-detection of CYP19 on Day 3 was greater (P < 0.01) in large and medium compared to small follicles, (64.3 %, 34.2 % and 14.7 %, respectively). Results validate there is a dissociation of large follicle development with estrogen production on Day 3 in gonadotropin-treated gilts. These results indicate failure to express estrus may be due to follicle variation in estrogen production or response to estrogen feedback at the hypothalamus.
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Control of estrus and ovulation: Fertility to timed insemination of gilts and sows. Theriogenology 2016; 86:1460-1466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Eckhardt OHO, Martins SMMK, Pinese ME, Horta FC, Rosseto AC, Torres MA, De Andrade AFC, Muro BBD, Marino CT, Rodrigues PHM, Moretti AS. Gonadotropin-induced Puberty Does Not Impair Reproductive Performance of Gilts over Three Parities. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:964-9. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- OHO Eckhardt
- Laboratory of Swine Research; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - SMMK Martins
- Laboratory of Swine Research; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
- Laboratory of Andrology and Technology of Swine Embryos; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - ME Pinese
- Laboratory of Swine Research; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - FC Horta
- Laboratory of Swine Research; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - AC Rosseto
- Laboratory of Swine Research; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - MA Torres
- Laboratory of Andrology and Technology of Swine Embryos; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - AFC De Andrade
- Laboratory of Andrology and Technology of Swine Embryos; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - BBD Muro
- Laboratory of Andrology and Technology of Swine Embryos; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - CT Marino
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - PHM Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
| | - AS Moretti
- Laboratory of Swine Research; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Pirassununga Brazil
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Hidalgo DM, Friendship RM, Greiner L, Manjarín R, Amezcua MR, Domínguez JC, Kirkwood RN. Influence of Gonadotrophin-Induced First Oestrus on Gilt Fertility. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:899-902. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DM Hidalgo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy; University of Leon; Leon Spain
| | - RM Friendship
- Department of Population Medicine; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - L Greiner
- Carthage Innovative Swine Solutions; LLC; Carthage IL USA
| | - R Manjarín
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy; University of Leon; Leon Spain
| | - MR Amezcua
- Department of Population Medicine; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - JC Domínguez
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy; University of Leon; Leon Spain
| | - RN Kirkwood
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; University of Adelaide; Roseworthy SA Australia
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Hu J, Bao J, Ma X, Li W, Lei A, Yang C, Gao Z, Wang H. FSH is superior to eCG for promoting ovarian response in Chinese Bamei gilts. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 122:313-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Manjarin R, Dominguez JC, Castro MJ, Vallado B, Rodriguez S, Sprecher DJ, Cassar G, Friendship RM, Kirkwood RN. Effect of prior FSH treatment on the estrus and ovulation responses to eCG in prepubertal gilts. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 110:123-7. [PMID: 18282669 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pre-treatment of prepubertal gilts with FSH on the estrus and ovulatory responses to eCG injection at two ages. A total of 149 prepubertal Hypor gilts were selected at 150 days (n=76) or 180 days (n=73) of age and assigned to injection of 400 IU eCG plus 200 IU hCG (PG600), 600IU eCG alone (Folligon), pre-treatment with 72 mg FSH (Folltropin) administered as 6 x 12 mg injections at 12 h intervals with 600 IU Folligon 12h after last FSH injection, or non-injected controls. To facilitate detection of estrus, gilts were exposed to a mature boar for 15 min daily for 7 days. To determine ovulatory responses, blood samples were obtained on the day of injection and 10 days later and assayed for progesterone content. Following treatment at 150 days, one control gilt (5.3%) was deemed estrus but ovulation did not occur. Compared to treatment with Folligon alone, PG600 injection tended (P=0.1) to increase the estrus response (52.6% compared with. 26.3%) and increased (P<0.01) the ovulatory response (89.5% compared with. 47.4%). The estrous response in gilts pretreated with Folltropin was intermediate (42.1%) but the ovulatory response (47.4%) was the same as for Folligon alone. Following treatment at 180 days, two control gilts (10.5%) were deemed estrus and ovulation did occur in these gilts. There was no difference between hormone-treated groups for estrus or ovulatory responses, although the ovulatory response of PG600-treated gilts tended (P=0.1) to be greater than for the Folligon-treated group (89.5% compared with 66.7%), with Folltropin-pretreated gilts being intermediate (76.5%). These data demonstrate that the estrus and ovulatory responses of gilts were greater for PG600 than for Folligon and that while responses to PG600 were not affected by gilt age, for the combined Folligon groups, estrous response (P<0.02) and ovulatory response (P<0.05) improved with increased gilt age.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manjarin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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