Type D personality, cortisol and cardiac disease

Impact of type D personality on major adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: The mediating role of cognitive appraisal and coping style

OBJECTIVE

Individuals with type D personality are characterized by maladaptive cognitive appraisal and coping styles, but it remains unclear whether cognitive appraisal and coping style mediate the interaction between type D personality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This gap was investigated in this study.

METHODS

A prospective study was conducted on a cohort of 392 individuals after undergoing PCI. All participants completed questionnaires meant to collect information about type D personality, cognitive appraisal, coping styles and demographic characteristics. They were then prospectively followed for up to 1 year for occurrence of MACE after PCI. Path analyses were performed to assess mediating effects of cognitive appraisal and coping styles.

RESULTS

The path analysis revealed that type D personality and negative affectivity (NA) had a direct positive effect on MACE (odds ratio [OR] = 1.056, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.023, 1.089，p = .031; OR = 1.118, 95% CI = 1.031, 1.205, p = .001), but indirect effects on MACE through negative appraisal, positive appraisal and acceptance-resignation coping (P < .001). MACE was not significantly associated with social inhibition (SI), the interaction of NA and SI (both p > .05).

CONCLUSIONS

This study revealed that type D personality and NA dimension increased the likelihood of developing MACE after PCI. Cognitive appraisal and coping styles mediated the association between type D personality and MACE. These findings may provide factors that lead to poor prognosis of patients with type D personality undergoing in PCI.

Sexual Functioning as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Masculinity and Men's Adjustment Following Treatment for Prostate Cancer

Men's enactment of traditional masculine norms may contribute to their adjustment to changes in sexual functioning following treatment for prostate cancer. In the present investigation, the authors test this hypothesis by examining the moderating role of sexual functioning on the relationship between men's adherence to masculine norms and their social, role, and mental health functioning. Results of regression analyses indicate that men with poor sexual functioning evince poor social, role, and mental health functioning when they more strongly adhere to traditional masculine norms. Participants with good sexual functioning, in contrast, exhibit positive social, role, and mental health functioning when they more strongly adhere to traditional norms of masculinity. Directions for future clinical research and treatment interventions are provided.

Understanding How Masculine Gender Scripts May Contribute to Men's Adjustment Following Treatment for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent solid tumor malignancy and second-leading cause of death from cancer for American men. As a consequence of treatment-related side effects, men living with prostate cancer experience various obstacles to positive mental health. Unfortunately, relatively little is known about factors that promote or impede men's adjustment to these obstacles. In this article, the authors identify three masculine gender scripts that may contribute to men's adjustment following treatment for prostate cancer. To organize the discussion, the authors review related literature and, through case examples, illustrate how masculine gender scripts may influence men's adjustment. Directions for gender-sensitive interventions and future clinical research are provided.