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Lin L, Li H, Zheng Q, Hu J, Wu W. Research Progress on the Regulation of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Insects by Sterol Hormone 20-Hydroxyecdysone. INSECTS 2023; 14:871. [PMID: 37999070 PMCID: PMC10672190 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
20E (20-Hydroxyecdysone) is a central steroid hormone that orchestrates developmental changes and metamorphosis in arthropods. While its molecular mechanisms have been recognized for some time, detailed elucidation has primarily emerged in the past decade. PCD (Programmed cell death), including apoptosis, necrosis, efferocytosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy, plays a crucial role in regulated cell elimination, which is vital for cells' development and tissue homeostasis. This review summarizes recent findings on 20E signaling regulated autophagy and apoptosis in insects, including Drosophila melanogaster, Bombyx mori, Helicoverpa armigera, and other species. Firstly, we comprehensively explore the biosynthesis of the sterol hormone 20E and its subsequent signal transduction in various species. Then, we focus on the involvement of 20E in regulating autophagy and apoptosis, elucidating its roles in both developmental contexts and bacterial infection scenarios. Furthermore, our discussion unfolds as a panoramic exposition, where we delve into the fundamental questions with our findings, anchoring them within the grander scheme of our study in insects. Deepening the understanding of 20E-autophagy/apoptosis axis not only underscores the intricate tapestry of endocrine networks, but also offers fresh perspectives on the adaptive mechanisms that have evolved in the face of environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luobin Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (L.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Huaqin Li
- School of Health Sciences, Guangzhou Xinhua University, 19 Huamei Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China;
| | - Qinzhou Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (L.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jiaxuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Wenmei Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (L.L.); (Q.Z.)
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Rost-Roszkowska M, Poprawa I, Chajec Ł, Chachulska-Żymełka A, Wilczek G, Skowronek M, Student S, Leśniewska M. Hazards related to the presence of cadmium in food - Studies on the European soil centipede, Lithobius forficatus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157298. [PMID: 35839889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The soil is an environment rich in numerous potentially toxic substances/elements when present at elevated concentrations. They can be transported through the successive levels of the trophic chain. Animals living in a contaminated environment or eating contaminated food can accumulate potentially toxic elements in their bodies. One of the potentially toxic metals is cadmium, which accumulates significantly in soils. The aim of our research was to evaluate the changes caused by cadmium supplied with the food administered to invertebrates living in uncontaminated soil. The results were compared with those obtained for animals raised in contaminated soil, where cadmium entered the body via the epidermis. As the material for studies, we chose a common European soil centipede, Lithobius forficatus. Adult specimens were divided into the following experimental groups: C - control animals, Cd12 and Cd45 - animals fed with Chironomus larvae maintained in water containing 80 mg/l CdCl2, for 12 and 45 days, respectively. The material was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis (transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, atomic absorption spectrometry). Eventually, we can conclude that the digestive system is an effective barrier against the effects of toxic metals on the entire organism, but among the gonads, ovaries are more protected than testes, however, this protection is not sufficient. Accumulation of spherites and mitochondrial alterations are probably involved in survival mechanisms of tissues after Cd intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chajec
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Alina Chachulska-Żymełka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wilczek
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skowronek
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Biotechnology Center, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Leśniewska
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of General Zoology, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Poprawa I, Chajec Ł, Chachulska-Żymełka A, Wilczek G, Student S, Leśniewska M, Rost-Roszkowska M. Ovaries and testes of Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) react differently to the presence of cadmium in the environment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6705. [PMID: 35469038 PMCID: PMC9038927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper reproduction depends on properly functioning gonads (ovaries and testes). Many xenobiotics, including heavy metals, can cause changes in somatic and germ line cells, thus damaging the reproductive capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the heavy metal cadmium on the gonads, including germ line and somatic cells. It is important to determine whether cell death processes are triggered in both types of cells in the gonads, and which gonads are more sensitive to the presence of cadmium in the environment. The research was conducted on the soil-dwelling arthropod Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda), which is common for European fauna. Animals were cultured in soil supplemented with Cd for different periods (short- and long-term treatment). Gonads were isolated and prepared for qualitative and quantitative analysis, which enabled us to describe all changes which appeared after both the short- and long-term cadmium treatment. The results of our study showed that cadmium affects the structure and ultrastructure of both gonads in soil-dwelling organisms including the activation of cell death processes. However, the male germ line cells are more sensitive to cadmium than female germ line cells. We also observed that germ line cells are protected by the somatic cells of both gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Poprawa
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Chajec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alina Chachulska-Żymełka
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wilczek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Leśniewska
- Department of General Zoology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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Aamidor SE, Cardoso-Júnior CAM, Harianto J, Nowell CJ, Cole L, Oldroyd BP, Ronai I. Reproductive plasticity and oogenesis in the queen honey bee (Apis mellifera). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 136:104347. [PMID: 34902433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the honey bee (Apis mellifera), queen and worker castes originate from identical genetic templates but develop into different phenotypes. Queens lay up to 2000 eggs daily whereas workers are sterile in the queen's presence. Periodically queens stop laying: during swarming, when resources are scarce in winter, and when they are confined to a cage by beekeepers. We used confocal microscopy and gene expression assays to investigate the control of oogenesis in the ovaries of honey bee queens that were caged inside and outside the colony. We find evidence that queens use a different combination of 'checkpoints' to regulate oogenesis compared to honey bee workers and other insect species. However, both queen and worker castes likely use the same programmed cell death pathways to terminate oocyte development at their caste-specific checkpoints. Our results also suggest that a key factor driving the termination of oogenesis in queens is nutritional stress. Thus, queens may regulate oogenesis via the same regulatory pathways that were utilised by ancestral solitary species but likely have adjusted physiological checkpoints to suit their highly-derived life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Aamidor
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, Ecology and Evolution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Macleay Building A12, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Carlos A M Cardoso-Júnior
- Departamento de Biologia Celulare Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Januar Harianto
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Macleay Building A12, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Cole
- Microbial Imaging Facility, I3 Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Oldroyd
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, Ecology and Evolution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Macleay Building A12, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Isobel Ronai
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, Ecology and Evolution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Macleay Building A12, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Zhang Y, Xu G, Jiang Y, Ma C, Yang G. Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Fecundity, Apoptosis and Virus Transmission in the Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121131. [PMID: 34940219 PMCID: PMC8706141 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Laodelphax striatellus damages plants directly through sucking plant sap and indirectly as a vector of rice stripe virus (RSV), resulting in serious losses of rice yield. It is one of the most destructive insects of rice in East Asia. Insecticides are primarily used for pest management, but the sublethal concentrations of insecticides may benefit several insects. The present research attempted to explore the effects of sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid on the fecundity, apoptosis and RSV transmission in the viruliferous SBPH. The results showed that the fecundity of SBPH was significantly increased after treatment with the LC10 dose of imidacloprid, while the LC30 dose of imidacloprid reduced the fecundity compared with the control. To further investigate the underlying mechanism of increased fecundity after exposure to the LC10 dose of imidacloprid, we examined the expression levels of vitellogenin (Vg), Vg receptor (VgR) and caspases in the ovaries of SBPH, and observed the apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT)-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL). qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of Vg, VgR and four caspase genes were all significantly increased by the LC10 dose of imidacloprid, and TUNEL assays suggested that the frequency of apoptosis was significantly higher in the SBPH treated by the LC10 dose of imidacloprid, suggesting a potential correlation between the increased fecundity and the apoptosis of SBPH ovarioles. Additionally, the expression levels of RNA3 and capsid protein (CP) were both increased significantly by the LC10 dose of imidacloprid, whereas were decreased by the LC30 dose of imidacloprid compared to the control. Therefore, this study clarifies the mechanisms of sublethal effects of imidacloprid on viruliferous SBPH and could be used to optimize pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (C.M.)
| | - Gang Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (G.Y.)
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (C.M.)
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (C.M.)
| | - Guoqing Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (C.M.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (G.Y.)
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Gao J, Wang J, Chen H. Ovary Structure and Oogenesis of Trypophloeus klimeschi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121099. [PMID: 34940187 PMCID: PMC8709194 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Coleoptera is the largest animal taxon, with many species being agricultural and forest pests. The phylogeny of these species has aroused great interest among scientists. The characteristics of ovariole structure and ultrastructure are useful for phylogenetic work, especially with the improvement of micro technology in recent years. The types of ovarioles are varied. Usually, each family conforms to one type or another. However, in this study, we report on the ovaries of Trypophloeus klimeschi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), and find a different ovariole type from that of other known species of Curculionidae. We describe the features of the female reproductive system, ovary and oogenesis of T. klimeschi and also compare these features with those found in other Curculionidae. This study provides novel information on the reproductive biology of the Curculionidae. Abstract The female reproductive system, ovary structure and ultrastructure of Trypophloeus klimeschi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) were investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Its female reproductive system is comprised of two ovaries (each ovary has two ovarioles), lateral oviducts, common oviduct, spermathecal sac, spermathecal pump, two accessory glands and bursa copulatrix. Well-developed endoplasmic reticulum can be clearly seen in the secretory cells of spermathecal sac. This species has telotrophic meroistic ovarioles that are comprised of terminal filament, tropharium, vitellarium and pedicel. The terminal filaments are simple; each is comprised of cellular peritoneal sheath. The presence of several clusters of nurse cells in the tropharium is indicative that its ovarioles conform to the transition stage. This indicates that there are at least two different types (transition stage and secondary stage) of ovarioles in Curculionidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.G.); (J.W.)
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.G.); (J.W.)
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.G.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-85280256
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Guo Y, Khan J, Zheng XY, Wu Y. Wolbachia increase germ cell mitosis to enhance the fecundity of Laodelphax striatellus. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 127:103471. [PMID: 32966874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria that infect a wide range of invertebrates and have evolved various strategies to alter host reproduction for their own survival and dissemination. In small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus, Wolbachia-infected females lay more eggs than uninfected females. Our previous study has shown that Wolbachia are abundant in ovarian cells of L. striatellus and change the number of apoptotic nurse cells in a caspase-dependent manner to provide nutrition for oogenesis. The cellular and molecular bases of the Wolbachia-mediated alterations in L. striatellus oogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether germ cell mitosis, which has been implicated in determination of egg production rates, influences the interaction between fecundity and Wolbachia in L.striatellus. We used an anti-phospho-histone 3 (pH3) antibody to label and visualize mitotic cells. Microscopic observations indicated that the Wolbachia strain wStri increased the number of ovarioles that contained mitotic germ cells. The increased fecundity of Wolbachia-infected females was a result of mitosis of germ cells; the frequency of germ cell mitosis was much higher in infected females than in uninfected females. In addition, mitosis inhibition by Cdc20, CDK1, and CycB messenger RNA interference in Wolbachia-infected L. striatellus markedly decreased egg numbers. Live Wolbachia recolonization enhanced the egg production of uninfected L. striatellus by directly affecting mitosis regulators. Together, these data suggest that wStri might increase germ cell mitosis to enhance the fecundity of L. striatellus in a mitosis-regulating manner. Our findings establish a link between Wolbachia-induced mitosis and Wolbachia-mediated egg production effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jehangir Khan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan.
| | - Xiao-Ying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Rost-Roszkowska MM, Vilimová J, Tajovský K, Chachulska-Żymełka A, Sosinka A, Kszuk-Jendrysik M, Ostróżka A, Kaszuba F. Autophagy and Apoptosis in the Midgut Epithelium of Millipedes. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:1004-1016. [PMID: 31106722 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761900059x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The process of autophagy has been detected in the midgut epithelium of four millipede species: Julus scandinavius, Polyxenus lagurus, Archispirostreptus gigas, and Telodeinopus aoutii. It has been examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which enabled differentiation of cells in the midgut epithelium, and some histochemical methods (light microscope and fluorescence microscope). While autophagy appeared in the cytoplasm of digestive, secretory, and regenerative cells in J. scandinavius and A. gigas, in the two other species, T. aoutii and P. lagurus, it was only detected in the digestive cells. Both types of macroautophagy, the selective and nonselective processes, are described using TEM. Phagophore formation appeared as the first step of autophagy. After its blind ends fusion, the autophagosomes were formed. The autophagosomes fused with lysosomes and were transformed into autolysosomes. As the final step of autophagy, the residual bodies were detected. Autophagic structures can be removed from the midgut epithelium via, e.g., atypical exocytosis. Additionally, in P. lagurus and J. scandinavius, it was observed as the neutralization of pathogens such as Rickettsia-like microorganisms. Autophagy and apoptosis ca be analyzed using TEM, while specific histochemical methods may confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rost-Roszkowska
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology,University of Silesia in Katowice,Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice,Poland
| | - J Vilimová
- Department of Zoology,Charles University, Faculty of Science,Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague 2,Czech Republic
| | - K Tajovský
- Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre CAS,Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 České Budějovice,Czech Republic
| | - A Chachulska-Żymełka
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology,University of Silesia in Katowice,Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice,Poland
| | - A Sosinka
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology,University of Silesia in Katowice,Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice,Poland
| | - M Kszuk-Jendrysik
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology,University of Silesia in Katowice,Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice,Poland
| | - A Ostróżka
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology,University of Silesia in Katowice,Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice,Poland
| | - F Kaszuba
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology,University of Silesia in Katowice,Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice,Poland
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9
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Świątek P, Urbisz AZ. Architecture and Life History of Female Germ-Line Cysts in Clitellate Annelids. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 68:515-551. [PMID: 31598870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Animal female and male germ-line cells often form syncytial units termed cysts, clusters, or clones. Within these cysts, the cells remain interconnected by specific cell junctions known as intercellular bridges or ring canals, which enable cytoplasm to be shared and macromolecules and organelles to be exchanged between cells. Numerous analyses have shown that the spatial organization of cysts and their functioning may differ between the sexes and taxa. The vast majority of our knowledge about the formation and functioning of germ-line cysts comes from studies of model species (mainly Drosophila melanogaster); the other systems of the cyst organization and functioning are much less known and are sometimes overlooked. Here, we present the current state of the knowledge of female germ-line cysts in clitellate annelids (Clitellata), which is a monophyletic taxon of segmented worms (Annelida). The organization of germ-line cysts in clitellates differs markedly from that of the fruit fly and vertebrates. In Clitellata, germ cells are not directly connected one to another, but, as a rule, each cell has one ring canal that connects it to an anuclear central cytoplasmic core, a cytophore. Thus, this pattern of cell distribution is similar to the germ-line cysts of Caenorhabditis elegans. The last decade of studies has revealed that although clitellate female germ-line cysts have a strong morphological plasticity, e.g., cysts may contain from 16 to as many as 2500 cells, the oogenesis always shows a meroistic mode, i.e., the interconnected cells take on different fates; a few (sometimes only one) become oocytes, whereas the rest play the role of supporting (nurse) cells and do not continue oogenesis.This is the first comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on the organization and functioning of female germ-line cysts in clitellate annelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Świątek
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Anna Z Urbisz
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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10
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Guo Y, Hoffmann AA, Xu XQ, Zhang X, Huang HJ, Ju JF, Gong JT, Hong XY. Wolbachia-induced apoptosis associated with increased fecundity in Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 27:796-807. [PMID: 29989657 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia influence the fitness of their invertebrate hosts. They have effects on reproductive incompatibility and egg production. Although the former are well characterized, the mechanistic basis of the latter is unclear. Here, we investigate whether apoptosis, which has been implicated in fecundity in model insects, influences the interaction between fecundity and Wolbachia in the planthopper Laodelphax striatellus. Wolbachia-infected females produced about 30% more eggs than uninfected females. We used the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TDT)-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling staining to visualize apoptosis. Microscopic observations indicated that the Wolbachia strain wStri increased the number of ovarioles that contained apoptotic nurse cells in both young and aged adult females. The frequency of apoptosis was much higher in the infected females. The increased fecundity appeared to be a result of apoptosis of nurse cells, which provide nutrients to the growing oocytes. In addition, cell apoptosis inhibition by caspase messenger RNA interference in Wolbachia-infected L. striatellus markedly decreased egg numbers. Together, these data suggest that wStri might enhance fecundity by increasing the number of apoptotic cells in the ovaries in a caspase-dependent manner. Our findings establish a link between Wolbachia-induced apoptosis and egg production effects mediated by Wolbachia, although the way in which the endosymbiont influences caspase levels remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Guo
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - A A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - X-Q Xu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H-J Huang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J-F Ju
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J-T Gong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X-Y Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Salazar K, Boucher S, Serrão JE. Structure and ultrastructure of the ovary in the South American Veturius sinuatus (Eschscholtz) (Coleoptera, Passalidae). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2017; 46:613-626. [PMID: 28450162 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The morphoanatomy of the ovary in Veturius sinuatus (Eschscholtz) was studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Data from the female gonad of this species provide more extended and precise knowledge regarding the organization of the ovary in Passalidae. Ovaries are composed of a pair of long telotrophic meroistic ovarioles, with some differences compared to the bauplan of this ovary type in Polyphaga (Coleoptera). The terminal filament has an enlarged proximal region with irregularly shaped cells in apparent degeneration process embedded in a membranous system. Globular structures with amorphous content associated with interstitial cells are distributed throughout the tropharium. Trophocytes develop with the reduction of the plasma membrane between sibling nurse cells of each cluster. Previtellogenic oocytes have an irregular shape and various cytoplasmic prolongations. As oogenesis advances, a single prolongation in the anterior part of the oocyte extends to the tropharium. The ovary structure is comparable to that found in other American species of passalids, and further, the conformation of the terminal filament could be a plesiomorphic character of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Salazar
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Stéphane Boucher
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Origines et Évolution, Entomologie, CP 50, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Geral, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Ovaries of the white worm ( Enchytraeus albidus , Annelida, Clitellata) are composed of 16-celled meroistic germ-line cysts. Dev Biol 2017; 426:28-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Ultrastructural changes and programmed cell death of trophocytes in the gonad of Isohypsibius granulifer granulifer Thulin, 1928 (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Isohypsibiidae). Micron 2015; 70:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Does autophagy in the midgut epithelium of centipedes depend on the day/night cycle? Micron 2015; 68:130-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Autophagy and apoptosis interplay during follicular atresia in fish ovary: a morphological and immunocytochemical study. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 347:467-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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