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Babakhanlou R, Ravandi-Kashani F, Kontoyiannis DP. Neutropenic Enterocolitis: An Uncommon, but Fearsome Complication of Leukemia. J Hematol 2023; 12:59-65. [PMID: 37187499 PMCID: PMC10181327 DOI: 10.14740/jh1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutropenic enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening condition occurring in severely neutropenic patients, following intensive chemotherapy for leukemia. Its pathogenesis is not entirely understood and believed to be multifactorial, including mucosal injury as a result of cytotoxic drugs, profound neutropenia, impaired host defense and possibly microbiota changes. Establishing an early diagnosis is key. The management of NEC remains undefined due to lack of high-quality clinical data. With a better understanding of the disease, a more conservative approach is preferred over surgical intervention. The involvement of a multi-disciplinary team, consisting of the oncologist, infectious diseases specialists and surgeons is highly recommended. This review aims to delineate insights into the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of NEC and to emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrick Babakhanlou
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Corresponding Author: Rodrick Babakhanlou, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Farhad Ravandi-Kashani
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
- Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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2
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Tagliaferri AR, Melki G, Baddoura W. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Causing Gastric Ulcer Perforation: A Case Presentation and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e36026. [PMID: 37051008 PMCID: PMC10085627 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy characterized by the progressive accumulation of lymphocytes in the bone marrow and lymphoid organs. Gastrointestinal manifestations are rare in all types of leukemia. Generally, this occurs during relapsing disease or in acute leukemias; however, recent advancements in treatment have reduced these complications. Most commonly, lesions in the stomach are hemorrhagic, and lesions in the lower gastrointestinal tract present as peritonitis or colitis. Our patient was unique because she had a perforated, rather than bleeding, peptic ulcer caused by infiltrative chronic lymphocytic leukemia after starting ibrutinib. Although this medication can impair wound healing and/or cause bleeding, there are no reports of perforation of existing ulcers. Additionally, chronic lymphocytic leukemia causing perforated peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is rare, and this is, to our knowledge, the first case of this phenomenon.
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3
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Gupta R, Chaudhary R, Mathur A, Mangal K, Shukla A, Bhandari A, Jain R, Garg K. Necrotizing fasciitis complicating perforated Meckel's diverticulum in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse: A case report. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/jpcc.jpcc_87_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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4
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Devarapalli UV, Sarma MS, Mathiyazhagan G. Gut and liver involvement in pediatric hematolymphoid malignancies. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:587-606. [PMID: 35321282 PMCID: PMC8919016 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i3.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematolymphoid malignancies are common neoplasms in childhood. The involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, biliary system, pancreas, and peritoneum are closely interlinked and commonly encountered. In leukemias, lymphomas, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), the manifestations result from infiltration, compression, overwhelmed immune system, and chemotherapy-induced drug toxicities. In acute leukemias, major manifestations are infiltrative hepatitis, drug induced gastritis, neutropenic typhlitis and chemotherapy related pancreatitis. Chronic leukemias are rare. Additional presentation in lymphomas is cholestasis due to infiltration or biliary obstruction by lymph nodal masses. Presence of ascites needs a thorough workup for the underlying pathophysiology that may modify the therapy and affect the outcome. Uncommon hematolymphoid malignancies are primary hepatic, hepatosplenic, and GI lymphomas which have strict definitions. In advanced diseases with extensive spread, it may be impossible to distinguish these diseases from the primary site of origin. LCH produces biliary strictures that mimic as sclerosing cholangitis. Liver infiltration is associated with poor liver recovery even after chemotherapy. The heterogeneity of gut and liver manifestations in hematolymphoid malignancies has a clinical impact on their management. Though chemotherapy is the mainstay of therapy in all hematolymphoid malignancies, debulking surgery and radiotherapy have an adjuvant role in specific clinical scenarios. Rare situations presenting as liver failure or end-stage liver disease require liver transplantation. At their initial presentation to a primary care physician, given the ambiguity in clinical manifestations and the prognostic difference with time-bound management, it is vital to recognize them early for optimal outcomes. Pooled data from robust registries across the world is required for better understanding of these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umeshreddy V Devarapalli
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moinak S Sarma
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gopinathan Mathiyazhagan
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ifthikar Z, Muthalib H, Mohammed S, Alfraih F, Aljohany H, Alsohaibani F. Extramedullary involvement of the ascending colon in relapsing acute lymphocytic leukemia: A case report. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 10:162-165. [PMID: 35602400 PMCID: PMC9121693 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_543_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for <1% of adult cancers. Extramedullary relapse of ALL has been primarily reported in pediatric patients or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a less frequently reported site of extramedullary relapse. Here, we report a case of a 30-year-old male who was a known case of ALL with multiple relapses and allogenic stem cell transplantations. The patient presented with acute lower GI bleeding and was confirmed to have an extramedullary relapse of ALL in the ascending colon. As the patient already had early relapses after two hematopoietic stem cell transplants in the past, he was managed with palliative chemotherapy, consisting of vincristine, dexamethasone, and rituximab, following which the patient achieved complete remission. This case highlights the importance of recognizing uncommon presentations of ALL such as those involving the GI tract.
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Shiau J, Chin CC, Lou CW, Pan MR, Chen FM, Hou MF. Neutropenic necrotizing enterocolitis: A life-threatening complication after aggressive chemotherapy for leukemia. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_19_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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7
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Ifthikar Z, Muthalib H, Mohammed S, Alfraih F, Aljohany H, Alsohaibani F. Extramedullary involvement of the ascending colon in relapsing acute lymphocytic leukemia: A case report. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1658-631x.343723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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8
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Guimaraes N, Bolais Monica I, Oliveira S, Pato Pais D, Andrade S, Bertao Colaco I, Vila Nova C, Vieira V, Azenha N, Fonseca Pinho J, Guedes F, Conceicao L, Valente Cecilio J. Lymphoepithelioma-Like Gastric Carcinoma and Gastric Involvement of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Two Rare Identities Coexisting in One Patient. J Med Cases 2022; 13:36-39. [PMID: 35211234 PMCID: PMC8827247 DOI: 10.14740/jmc3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma (LELGC) constitutes 1-4% of all gastric carcinomas and gastrointestinal involvement in leukemia can be present in up to 25%, being more common in acute than chronic leukemia, affecting most frequently the stomach, ileum, and proximal colon. LELGC is usually associated with a better prognosis than other gastric carcinomas, generally presenting with low T and N stages. The reports of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) involving infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract are relatively rare in the literature, and the estimated incidence ranges from 5.7% to 25%. We present the case of a 77-year-old female, on surveillance by a known CLL that was diagnosed with gastric carcinoma on an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed for epigastric pain. A subtotal gastrectomy was performed and the surgical specimen revealed simultaneous involvement of the stomach by LELGC and CLL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a LELGC and CLL simultaneously involving the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcisa Guimaraes
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal,Corresponding Author: Narcisa Guimaraes, Department of Surgery, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal.
| | - Ines Bolais Monica
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Simone Oliveira
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Daniela Pato Pais
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Sara Andrade
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Ines Bertao Colaco
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Carlos Vila Nova
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Vera Vieira
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Nuno Azenha
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Joao Fonseca Pinho
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Fatima Guedes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Lucilia Conceicao
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Jose Valente Cecilio
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, Figueira da Foz, Portugal
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9
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Ahmad R, Ali E, Okar L, Elaiwy O, Abdelrazek M, Mulikandathil Y, Yassin M. Acute appendicitis revealing a diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:1913-1916. [PMID: 33936614 PMCID: PMC8077314 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal manifestations of leukemias have been well recognized. Typically, acute leukemias cause typhlitis or appendicitis more commonly than chronic leukemias. Our case points to appendicitis as possible manifestation of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ahmad
- Department of Family MedicineHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Elrazi Ali
- Department of Internal MedicineHamad General HospitalHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Lina Okar
- Department of Family MedicineHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Orwa Elaiwy
- Department of PathologyHamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | | | - Yahya Mulikandathil
- Department of Hematology/OncologyNational Centre for Cancer Care & ResearchDohaQatar
| | - Mohamed Yassin
- Department of Hematology/OncologyNational Centre for Cancer Care & ResearchDohaQatar
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10
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Alarbeed IF, Wafa A, Moassass F, Al-Halabi B, Al-Achkar W, Liehr T, Aboukhamis I. De novo adult acute myeloid leukemia with two new mutations in juxtatransmembrane domain of the FLT3 gene: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:22. [PMID: 33494808 PMCID: PMC7836474 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 30% of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) acquire within fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene (FLT3) internal tandem duplications (FLT3/ITDs) in their juxtamembrane domain (JMD). FLT3/ITDs range in size from three to hundreds of nucleotides, and confer an adverse prognosis. Studies on a possible relationship between of FLT3/ITDs length and clinical outcomes in those AML patients were inconclusive, yet. Case presentation Here we report a 54-year-old Arab male diagnosed with AML who had two FLT3-ITD mutations in addition to NPM1 mutation. Cytogenetic approaches (banding cytogenetics) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using specific probes to detect translocations t(8;21), t(15;17), t(16;16), t(12;21), and deletion del(13q)) were applied to exclude chromosomal abnormalities. Molecular genetic approaches (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the Sanger sequencing) identified a yet unreported combination of two new mutations in FLT3-ITDs. The first mutation induced a frameshift in JMD, and the second led to a homozygous substitution of c.1836T>A (p.F612L) also in JMD. Additionally a NPM1 type A mutation was detected. The first chemotherapeutic treatment was successful, but 1 month after the initial diagnosis, the patient experienced a relapse and unfortunately died. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, a combination of two FLT3-ITD mutations in JMD together with an NPM1 type A mutation were not previously reported in adult AML. Further studies are necessary to prove or rule out whether the size of these FLT3-ITDs mutations and potential other double mutations in FLT3-ITD are correlated with the observed adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael F Alarbeed
- Department of Microbiology, Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Ministry of High Education, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Abdulsamad Wafa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Human Genetics Division, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria
| | - Faten Moassass
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Human Genetics Division, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria
| | - Bassel Al-Halabi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Human Genetics Division, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria
| | - Walid Al-Achkar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Human Genetics Division, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Human Genetics Division, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria.,Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Imad Aboukhamis
- Department of Microbiology, Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Ministry of High Education, Damascus, Syria
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11
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Chan RH, Chen YP. Intussusception caused by typhlitis: a rare complication in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after chemotherapy. Int J Colorectal Dis 2019; 34:1815-1818. [PMID: 31512021 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-019-03395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intussusception, which is common in pediatric patients but rare in adults with leukemia, usually presents with an intralumenal lesion as a lead point in adults. CASE REPORT We herein report the case of a 38-year-old female who developed right lower quadrant abdominal pain and fever on day 16 of chemotherapy. Abdominal computed tomography showed ileocecal intussusception. The patient underwent surgery, and the definitive pathological diagnosis was typhlitis leading to intussusception. Albeit very rare in adults, typhlitis-induced intussusception should be suspected in those with leukemia presenting with abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hao Chan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan City, 704, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ping Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Colonic Wall Thickening as the First Indicator of Relapse of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. ACG Case Rep J 2019; 6:e00207. [PMID: 31737733 PMCID: PMC6791643 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a rarely reported site of extramedullary relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We report a patient being effectively treated with immunotherapy for relapsed ALL who was incidentally noted to have colonic wall thickening on imaging that was subsequently pathologically confirmed to be the result of disease infiltration of colonic tissue. Primary ALL involvement of the GI tract should be considered in the evaluation of GI complaints in patients with ALL, particularly those with relapsed disease otherwise effectively treated with immunotherapy.
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13
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Kaya M, Akdogan R, Uçmak F, O Ayyildiz M, Karakus A, A Kaplan M. The Incidence and Predictive Factors in the Development of Acute Hepatitis in Patients with Leukemia. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2018; 8:31-37. [PMID: 29963458 PMCID: PMC6024041 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Liver involvement is common in hematological malignancies, but the incidence and pattern of liver injury vary among the different types. The aims of our study were to determine the incidence and clinical course of acute hepatitis and the important factors for its development in patients with leukemia after chemotherapy. Materials and methods All patients with the diagnosis of leukemia who were treated at the Department of Hematology between January 2008 and January 2013 were included in the study. A detailed medical history, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment modalities, complications, and clinical course were recorded retrospectively. Results A total of 124 patients (64 females) with the diagnosis of leukemia were included in the study. The mean age was 45.2 years (16-89 years) and mean follow-up time was 29.7 months (0.25-192 months). A total of 43 (34.6%) patients had acute hepatitis after chemotherapy. Pattern of liver injury was hepatocellular in 31 patients, cholestasis in 2, and mix in 10 patients. Age (p = 0.001), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg, p = 0.007), acute leukemia (p < 0.001), positive blood culture (p = 0.004), the amount of transfused red blood cell (p = 0.001), and amount of transfused platelets (p = 0.002) were significantly different under univariate analysis between the acute hepatitis group and the nonacute hepatitis group. Under multivariate analysis, only acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was identified as independent predictive factor for development of acute hepatitis after starting chemotherapy. Conclusion Acute and self-limited hepatitis develops in the substantial proportion of patients with leukemia. The most important factor for development of acute hepatitis is the type of leukemia. How to cite this article: Kaya M, Akdogan R, Uçmak F, Ayyildiz MO, Karakus A, Kaplan MA. The Incidence and Predictive Factors in the Development of Acute Hepatitis in Patients with Leukemia. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2018;8(1):31-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsin Kaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Recai Akdogan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Feyzullah Uçmak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet O Ayyildiz
- Department of Hematology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Karakus
- Department of Hematology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Muhammet A Kaplan
- Department of Oncology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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15
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Mokart D, Penalver M, Chow-Chine L, Ewald J, Sannini A, Brun JP, Bisbal M, Lelong B, Delpero JR, Faucher M, Turrini O. Surgical treatment of acute abdominal complications in hematology patients: outcomes and prognostic factors. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:2395-2402. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1296145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Djamel Mokart
- Réanimation Polyvalente et Département d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Penalver
- Réanimation Polyvalente et Département d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Chow-Chine
- Réanimation Polyvalente et Département d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Ewald
- Département de Chirurgie Oncologique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Sannini
- Réanimation Polyvalente et Département d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Paul Brun
- Réanimation Polyvalente et Département d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Magali Bisbal
- Réanimation Polyvalente et Département d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Lelong
- Département de Chirurgie Oncologique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Robert Delpero
- Département de Chirurgie Oncologique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Faucher
- Réanimation Polyvalente et Département d’Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Turrini
- Département de Chirurgie Oncologique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
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Ileocolic Intussusception in a Leukemic Adult Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Surg 2016; 2016:3972605. [PMID: 27840762 PMCID: PMC5093260 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3972605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a rare case of intussusception in a 41-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia without an evidence of leukemic infiltration of the bowel. The patient presented to the emergency room with right lower quadrant pain. Initially he was diagnosed with typhlitis. CT scan was done and showed ileocolic intussusception without a definitive lead point identified. Patient underwent hemicolectomy and histopathological study of the specimen did not show any leukemic infiltrate. High suspicion of intussusception should be kept in mind with leukemic patients presenting with abdominal pain.
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Case report of idiopathic cecal perforation presenting as acute appendicitis on ultrasound. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Badar T, Handisides DR, Benito JM, Richie MA, Borthakur G, Jabbour E, Harutyunyan K, Konoplev S, Faderl S, Kroll S, Andreeff M, Pearce T, Kantarjian HM, Cortes JE, Thomas DA, Konopleva M. Phase I study of evofosfamide, an investigational hypoxia-activated prodrug, in patients with advanced leukemia. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:800-5. [PMID: 27169385 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia causes resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Evofosfamide (TH-302) has exhibited specific hypoxia-dependent cytotoxicity against primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples in vitro. Based on these findings, a Phase I study of evofosfamide was designed for patients with relapsed/refractory leukemia (NCT01149915). In this open-label study, patients were treated with evofosfamide as a 30-60 min/day infusion on Days 1-5 of a 21-day cycle (Arm A, n = 38) or as a continuous infusion over 120 hr over Days 1-5 of a 21-day cycle (Arm B, n = 11). Forty-nine patients were treated including 39 (80%) with AML and 9 (18%) with ALL. Patients had received a median of five prior therapies. In Arm A, the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were grade 3 esophagitis, observed at a dose of 550 mg/m(2) . The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was a daily dose of 460 mg/m(2) . In Arm B, the DLTs were grade 3 stomatitis and hyperbilirubinemia, observed at a daily dose of 460 mg/m(2) . The continuous infusion MTD was a daily dose of 330 mg/m(2) . Hypoxia markers HIF-1α and CAIX were highly expressed in leukemic bone marrow and were significantly reduced after evofosfamide therapy. The combined overall response rate in Arms A and B was 6% (2 CR/CRi and 1 PR), with all responses seen in Arm A. Evofosfamide has shown limited activity in heavily pretreated leukemia patients. Further evaluation investigating evofosfamide in combination with cytotoxic or demethylating agents is warranted. Am. J. Hematol. 91:800-805, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Badar
- Department of Leukemia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | | | - Juliana M. Benito
- Department of Leukemia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Mary Ann Richie
- Department of Leukemia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Karine Harutyunyan
- Department of Leukemia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Sergej Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Stefan Faderl
- Department of Leukemia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Stew Kroll
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals; South San Francisco California
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Tillman Pearce
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals; South San Francisco California
| | - Hagop M. Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Jorge E. Cortes
- Department of Leukemia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Deborah A. Thomas
- Department of Leukemia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
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19
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Issak A, Agrawal S. Extramedullary Involvement of the Sigmoid Colon with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Gastrointest Cancer 2016; 48:208-210. [PMID: 27189376 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-016-9832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulfatah Issak
- Dayton VA Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Sangeeta Agrawal
- Dayton VA Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
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20
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Dumont F, Goéré D, Honoré C, Elias D. Abdominal surgical emergencies in patients with advanced cancer. J Visc Surg 2015; 152:S91-6. [PMID: 26548722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal emergency in an advanced oncologic setting is defined as an acute life-threatening abdominal pathology in a patient with incurable cancer. These include bowel obstruction, infections and, more rarely, hemorrhage. To benefit the patient, surgery should both increase the survival and improve the quality of life. These two goals are of equal importance and must be achieved together. This is difficult because these patients are frail, often malnourished and have a poor performance status. They also have a high risk of post-operative morbidity and mortality, a major risk of symptom recurrence and a limited life expectancy. For patients near the end-of-life, a therapeutic decision for surgical intervention must respect ethical and legal standards. This review reports the surgical outcomes and median survival of these patients, specifies rules that must be known and respected, and presents non-operative interventional alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dumont
- Département de chirurgie oncologique, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France.
| | - D Goéré
- Département de chirurgie oncologique, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France
| | - C Honoré
- Département de chirurgie oncologique, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France
| | - D Elias
- Département de chirurgie oncologique, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France
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21
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Bassuner KJ, Kirkpatrick DL, Northrup M, Connors JP. Multiple Targetoid Lesions in the Spleen. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479315572228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent hematologic malignancy of adults in the western hemisphere. Involvement of the spleen is not uncommon, often presenting as diffuse enlargement due to infiltration of neoplastic cells. A case is presented of an 81-year-old woman with a past medical history of CLL who was incidentally found to have multiple, focal splenic infiltrates on sonography. The patient had a normal sized spleen, which is a less common occurrence with splenic invasion by CLL. As current CLL guidelines discourage imaging but rely on evidence of organ involvement, this finding was critical in staging the patient properly. The sonographic appearance of this rare condition is described, and the advantages of sonography in its evaluation are discussed.
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22
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Konopleva M, Thall PF, Yi CA, Borthakur G, Coveler A, Bueso-Ramos C, Benito J, Konoplev S, Gu Y, Ravandi F, Jabbour E, Faderl S, Thomas D, Cortes J, Kadia T, Kornblau S, Daver N, Pemmaraju N, Nguyen HQ, Feliu J, Lu H, Wei C, Wilson WR, Melink TJ, Gutheil JC, Andreeff M, Estey EH, Kantarjian H. Phase I/II study of the hypoxia-activated prodrug PR104 in refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2015; 100:927-34. [PMID: 25682597 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.118455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated vast expansion of hypoxic areas in the leukemic microenvironment and provided a rationale for using hypoxia-activated prodrugs. PR104 is a phosphate ester that is rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo to the corresponding alcohol PR-104A and further reduced to the amine and hydroxyl-amine nitrogen mustards that induce DNA cross-linking in hypoxic cells under low oxygen concentrations. In this phase I/II study, patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (n=40) after 1 or 2 prior treatments or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=10) after any number of prior treatments received PR104; dose ranged from 1.1 to 4 g/m(2). The most common treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events were myelosuppression (anemia 62%, neutropenia 50%, thrombocytopenia 46%), febrile neutropenia (40%), infection (24%), and enterocolitis (14%). Ten of 31 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (32%) and 2 of 10 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (20%) who received 3 g/m(2) or 4 g/m(2) had a response (complete response, n=1; complete response without platelet recovery, n=5; morphological leukemia-free state, n=6). The extent of hypoxia was evaluated by the hypoxia tracer pimonidazole administered prior to a bone marrow biopsy and by immunohistochemical assessments of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha and carbonic anhydrase IX. A high fraction of leukemic cells expressed these markers, and PR104 administration resulted in measurable decrease of the proportions of hypoxic cells. These findings indicate that hypoxia is a prevalent feature of the leukemic microenvironment and that targeting hypoxia with hypoxia-activated prodrugs warrants further evaluation in acute leukemia. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov identifier: 01037556.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter F Thall
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cecilia Arana Yi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Coveler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlos Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juliana Benito
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sergej Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yongchuan Gu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, NZ, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Faderl
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Thomas
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tapan Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hoang Q Nguyen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennie Feliu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hongbo Lu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caimiao Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William R Wilson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, NZ, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elihu H Estey
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Abstract
Although great progress has been made in the understanding and treatment of acute leukemia, this disease has not been conquered. For emergency providers (EPs), the presentation of these patients to an emergency department presents a host of challenges. A patient may present with a new diagnosis of leukemia or with complications of the disease process or associated chemotherapy. It is incumbent on EPs to be familiar with the manifestations of leukemia in its various stages and maintain some suspicion for this diagnosis, given the nebulous and insidious manner in which leukemia can present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Rose-Inman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, 1906 Belleview Avenue, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.
| | - Damon Kuehl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, 1906 Belleview Avenue, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA
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24
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Kontoyiannis DP, Mathur M, Chen YB, Shellito PC, Tse JY. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 13-2014. A 41-year-old man with fever and abdominal pain after stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1637-46. [PMID: 24758620 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc1305994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Cowan AJ, Altemeier WA, Johnston C, Gernsheimer T, Becker PS. Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Intensive Care Setting. J Intensive Care Med 2014; 30:375-84. [DOI: 10.1177/0885066614530959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are newly diagnosed or relapsed and those who are receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy are predisposed to conditions such as sepsis due to bacterial and fungal infections, coagulopathies, hemorrhage, metabolic abnormalities, and respiratory and renal failure. These conditions are common reasons for patients with AML to be managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). For patients with AML in the ICU, providers need to be aware of common problems and how to manage them. Understanding the pathophysiology of complications and the recent advances in risk stratification as well as newer therapy for AML are relevant to the critical care provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Cowan
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William A. Altemeier
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine Johnston
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Terry Gernsheimer
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Puget Sound Blood Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pamela S. Becker
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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26
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Hordonneau C, Montoriol PF, Guièze R, Garcier JM, Da Ines D. Abdominal complications following neutropenia and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: CT findings. Clin Radiol 2012; 68:620-6. [PMID: 23245270 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In haematology units, acute abdominal symptoms are common and often challenging for the clinician in charge. Two haematological conditions that may induce specific diagnoses are of particular concern: neutropenia and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical and biological manifestations, including abdominal pain, fever, diarrhoea, hepatic cytolysis, or cholestasis are often non-specific. Computed tomography is often the primary imaging screening technique performed in such patients, as it is widely available, performs well for this indication, and may demonstrate evocative findings. The aim of this review is to provide the spectrum of specific diagnoses encountered and the corresponding key CT features in patients presenting with acute abdominal disorders following neutropenia and/or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hordonneau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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