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Rasheed AZ, Metersky ML, Ghazal F. Mechanisms and management of cough in interstitial lung disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:1177-1190. [PMID: 38159067 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2299751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), especially fibrotic ILDs, experience chronic cough. It negatively impacts both physical and psychological well-being. Effective treatment options are limited. AREAS COVERED The pathophysiology of chronic cough in IPF is complex and involves multiple mechanisms, including mechanical distortion of airways, parenchyma, and nerve fibers. The pathophysiology of cough in other fibrosing ILDs is poorly understood and involves various pathways. The purpose of this review is to highlight mechanisms of chronic cough and to present therapeutic evidence for its management in the most commonly occurring diffuse fibrosing lung diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD), sarcoidosis-related ILD (Sc-ILD), chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis-related ILD (CHP-ILD), and post-COVID-19-related interstitial lung disease (PC-ILD). EXPERT OPINION This review guides the management of chronic cough in fibrosing ILDs. In this era of precision medicine, chronic cough management should be individualized in each interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Z Rasheed
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mark L Metersky
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Fatima Ghazal
- Department of Internal Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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Kovacova E, Buday T, Vysehradsky R, Plevkova J. Cough in sarcoidosis patients. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 257:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Tanizawa K, Handa T, Nagai S, Niimi A, Oguma T, Kubo T, Ito Y, Aihara K, Ikezoe K, Matsumoto H, Hirai T, Chin K, Mishima M. Comprehensive evaluation of airway involvement in pulmonary sarcoidosis. ERJ Open Res 2017; 3:00105-2016. [PMID: 28229082 PMCID: PMC5308410 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00105-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IOS can predict airway hyperresponsiveness and long-term outcome in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis http://ow.ly/bkQH307VD4m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminobu Tanizawa
- Dept of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Handa
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sonoko Nagai
- Kyoto Central Clinic, Clinical Research Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Niimi
- Dept of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Oguma
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubo
- Dept of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ito
- Dept of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kensaku Aihara
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Saiseikai-Noe Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Ikezoe
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisako Matsumoto
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Chin
- Dept of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Mishima
- Dept of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
The diagnosis of sarcoidosis, a systemic granulomatous disease, is based on a compatible clinical-radiological picture and the histological evidence of noncaseating granulomas. Other diseases mimicking sarcoidosis, mostly infections and other granulomatoses, have to be excluded. There is no single test for sarcoidosis, and the presence of granulomas alone does not establish the diagnosis. Symptoms of sarcoidosis are not specific and can be markedly different according to organ involvement and disease course. Respiratory symptoms and fatigue are the most common symptoms at any stage of disease. Histological confirmation is not needed for Löfgren's or Heerfordt's syndrome and asymptomatic bihilar lymphadenopathy. The radiological staging system is still based on chest radiography, and computed tomography is not mandatory for routine follow-up. (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography may be of value in special cases. For assessment of lung involvement and follow-up, pulmonary function tests are necessary with vital capacity being the most important single parameter and diffusion capacity the most sensitive. Bronchoscopy with biopsy is the most common procedure for detection of granulomas, when there is no easier biopsy site like skin or peripheral lymph nodes. Endobronchial ultrasonography-guided transbronchial needle aspiration has replaced mediastinoscopy for evaluation of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes with a high diagnostic yield. Despite numerous studies, no single biomarker can be reliably used for correct diagnosis or exclusion of sarcoidosis. Genetic testing, despite promising advances, has still not been included in routine care for sarcoidosis patients. The long-term prognosis of sarcoidosis depends on the different organ manifestations: Cardiac or central nervous involvement, together with respiratory complications, is critical. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for comprehensive care of the sarcoidosis patient.
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Baughman RP, Lower EE. Frequency of acute worsening events in fibrotic pulmonary sarcoidosis patients. Respir Med 2013; 107:2009-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang IA, Ko FWS, Lim TK, Hancox RJ. Year in review 2012: asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2013; 18:565-72. [PMID: 23316705 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Yang
- Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
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Eves ND, Song Y, Piper A, Maher TM. Year in review 2012: acute lung injury, interstitial lung diseases, sleep and physiology. Respirology 2013; 18:555-64. [PMID: 23336426 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Eves
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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