Classification of Color-Coded Scheimpflug Camera Corneal Tomography Images Using Deep Learning.
Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020;
9:30. [PMID:
33384884 PMCID:
PMC7757611 DOI:
10.1167/tvst.9.13.30]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
To assess the use of deep learning for high-performance image classification of color-coded corneal maps obtained using a Scheimpflug camera.
Methods
We used a domain-specific convolutional neural network (CNN) to implement deep learning. CNN performance was assessed using standard metrics and detailed error analyses, including network activation maps.
Results
The CNN classified four map-selectable display images with average accuracies of 0.983 and 0.958 for the training and test sets, respectively. Network activation maps revealed that the model was heavily influenced by clinically relevant spatial regions.
Conclusions
Deep learning using color-coded Scheimpflug images achieved high diagnostic performance with regard to discriminating keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus, and normal corneal images at levels that may be useful in clinical practice when screening refractive surgery candidates.
Translational Relevance
Deep learning can assist human graders in keratoconus detection in Scheimpflug camera color-coded corneal tomography maps.
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