1
|
McElroy DL, Sabir H, Glass AE, Greba Q, Howland JG. The anterior retrosplenial cortex is required for short-term object in place recognition memory retrieval: Role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in male and female Long-Evans rats. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2260-2275. [PMID: 38411499 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The anterior retrosplenial cortex (aRSC) integrates multimodal sensory information into cohesive associative recognition memories. Little is known about how information is integrated during different learning phases (i.e., encoding and retrieval). Additionally, sex differences are observed in performance of some visuospatial memory tasks; however, inconsistent findings warrant more research. We conducted three experiments using the 1-h delay object-in-place (1-h OiP) test to assess recognition memory retrieval in male and female Long-Evans rats. (i) We found both sexes performed equally in three repeated 1-h OiP test sessions. (ii) We showed infusions of a mixture of muscimol/baclofen (GABAA/B receptor agonists) into the aRSC ~15-min prior to the test phase disrupted 1-h OiP in both sexes. (iii) We assessed the role of aRSC ionotropic glutamate receptors in 1-h OiP retrieval using another squad of cannulated rats and confirmed that infusions of either the competitive AMPA/Kainate receptor antagonist CNQX (3 mM) or competitive NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5 (30 mM) (volumes = 0.50 uL/side) significantly impaired 1-h OiP retrieval in both sexes compared to controls. Taken together, findings challenge reported sex differences and clearly establish a role for aRSC ionotropic glutamate receptors in short-term visuospatial recognition memory retrieval. Thus, modulating neural activity in the aRSC may alleviate some memory processing impairments in related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan L McElroy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hassaan Sabir
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Aiden E Glass
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John G Howland
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bourbon-Teles J, Jorge L, Canário N, Martins R, Santana I, Castelo-Branco M. Associations between cortical β-amyloid burden, fornix microstructure and cognitive processing of faces, places, bodies and other visual objects in early Alzheimer's disease. Hippocampus 2023; 33:112-124. [PMID: 36578233 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Using two imaging modalities, that is, Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) the present study tested associations between cortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden and fornix microstructural changes with cognitive deficits in early Alzheimer's disease (AD), namely deficits in working memory (1-back) processing of visual object categories (faces, places, objects, bodies and verbal material). Second, we examined cortical Aβ associations with fornix microstructure. Seventeen early AD patients and 17 healthy-matched controls were included. Constrained spherical deconvolution-based tractography was used to segment the fornix and a control tract the central branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (CB-SLF) previously implicated in working memory processes. Standard uptake value ratios (SUVR) of Aβ were extracted from 45 cortical/subcortical regions from the AAL atlas and subject to principal component analysis for data reduction. Patients exhibited (i) impairments in cognitive performance (ii) reductions in fornix fractional anisotropy (FA) and (iii) increases in a component that loaded highly on cortical Aβ. There were no group differences in CB-SLF FA and in a component loading highly on subcortical Aβ. Partial correlation analysis in the patient group showed (i) positive associations between fornix FA and performance for all the visual object categories and (ii) a negative association between the cortical Aβ component and performance for the object categories but not for the remaining classes of visual stimuli. A subsequent analysis showed a positive association between overall cognition (performance across distinct 1-back task conditions) with fornix FA but no association with cortical Aβ burden, in keeping with influential accounts on early onset AD. This indicates that the fornix degenerates early in AD and contributes to deficits in working memory processing of visual object categories; though it is also important to acknowledge the importance of prospective longitudinal studies with larger samples. Overall, the effect sizes of fornical degeneration on visual working memory appeared stronger than the ones related to amyloid burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Bourbon-Teles
- HEI-Lab, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lília Jorge
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nádia Canário
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Department of Neurology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chan D, Suk HJ, Jackson B, Milman NP, Stark D, Beach SD, Tsai LH. Induction of specific brain oscillations may restore neural circuits and be used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Intern Med 2021; 290:993-1009. [PMID: 34156133 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain oscillations underlie the function of our brains, dictating how we both think and react to the world around us. The synchronous activity of neurons generates these rhythms, which allow different parts of the brain to communicate and orchestrate responses to internal and external stimuli. Perturbations of cognitive rhythms and the underlying oscillator neurons that synchronize different parts of the brain contribute to the pathophysiology of diseases including Alzheimer's disease, (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy and other diseases of rhythm that have been studied extensively by Gyorgy Buzsaki. In this review, we discuss how neurologists manipulate brain oscillations with neuromodulation to treat diseases and how this can be leveraged to improve cognition and pathology underlying AD. While multiple modalities of neuromodulation are currently clinically indicated for some disorders, nothing is yet approved for improving memory in AD. Recent investigations into novel methods of neuromodulation show potential for improving cognition in memory disorders. Here, we demonstrate that neuronal stimulation using audiovisual sensory stimulation that generated 40-HZ gamma waves reduced AD-specific pathology and improved performance in behavioural tests in mouse models of AD, making this new mode of neuromodulation a promising new avenue for developing a new therapeutic intervention for the treatment of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Chan
- From the, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - H-J Suk
- From the, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B Jackson
- From the, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - N P Milman
- From the, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Stark
- From the, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S D Beach
- From the, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L-H Tsai
- From the, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bourbon-Teles J, Jorge L, Canário N, Castelo-Branco M. Structural impairments in hippocampal and occipitotemporal networks specifically contribute to decline in place and face category processing but not to other visual object categories in healthy aging. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02127. [PMID: 34184829 PMCID: PMC8413757 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional neuroimaging studies have identified a set of nodes in the occipital-temporal cortex that preferentially respond to faces in comparison with other visual objects. By contrast, the processing of places seems to rely on parahippocampal cortex and structures heavily implicated in memory (e.g., the hippocampus). It has been suggested that human aging leads to decreased neural specialization of core face and place processing areas and impairments in face and place perception. METHODS Using mediation analysis, we tested the potential contribution of micro- and macrostructure within the hippocampal and occipitotemporal systems to age-associated effects in face and place category processing (as measured by 1-back working memory tasks) in 55 healthy adults (age range 23-79 years). To test for specific contributions of the studied structures to face/place processing, we also studied a distinct tract (i.e., the anterior thalamic radiation [ATR]) and cognitive performance for other visual object categories (objects, bodies, and verbal material). Constrained spherical deconvolution-based tractography was used to reconstruct the fornix, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and the ATR. Hippocampal volumetric measures were segmented from FSL-FIRST toolbox. RESULTS It was found that age associates with (a) decreases in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the fornix, in right ILF (but not left ILF), and in the ATR (b) reduced volume in the right and left hippocampus and (c) decline in visual object category processing. Importantly, mediation analysis showed that micro- and macrostructural impairments in the fornix and right hippocampus, respectively, associated with age-dependent decline in place processing. Alternatively, microstructural impairments in right hemispheric ILF associated with age-dependent decline in face processing. There were no other mediator effects of micro- and macrostructural variables on age-cognition relationships. CONCLUSION Together, the findings support specific contributions of the fornix and right hippocampus in visuospatial scene processing and of the long-range right hemispheric occipitotemporal network in face category processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Bourbon-Teles
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lília Jorge
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nádia Canário
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barker GRI, Warburton EC. Putting objects in context: A prefrontal-hippocampal-perirhinal cortex network. Brain Neurosci Adv 2020; 4:2398212820937621. [PMID: 32954004 PMCID: PMC7479864 DOI: 10.1177/2398212820937621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When we encounter an object, we spontaneously form associations between the
object and the environment in which it was encountered. These associations can
take a number of different forms, which include location and context. A neural
circuit between the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex and perirhinal cortex
is critical for object-location and object-sequence associations; however, how
this neural circuit contributes to the formation of object-context associations
has not been established. Bilateral lesions were made in the hippocampus, medial
prefrontal cortex or perirhinal cortex to examine each region contribution to
object-context memory formation. Next, a disconnection lesion approach was used
to examine the necessity of functional interactions between the hippocampus and
medial prefrontal cortex or perirhinal cortex. Spontaneous tests of preferential
exploration were used to assess memory for different types of object-context
associations. Bilateral lesion in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex or
perirhinal cortex impaired performance in both an object-place-context and an
object-context task. Disconnection of the hippocampus from either the medial
prefrontal cortex or perirhinal cortex impaired performance in both the
object-place-context and object-context task. Interestingly, when object
recognition memory was tested with a context switch between encoding and test,
performance in the hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex lesion groups was
disrupted and performance in each disconnection group (i.e. hippocampus + medial
prefrontal cortex, hippocampus + perirhinal cortex) was significantly impaired.
Overall, these experiments establish the importance of the hippocampal-medial
prefrontal-perirhinal cortex circuit for the formation of object-context
associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R I Barker
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - E C Warburton
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu H, Temel Y, Boonstra J, Hescham S. The effect of fornix deep brain stimulation in brain diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3279-3291. [PMID: 31974655 PMCID: PMC7426306 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation is used to alleviate symptoms of neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive-disorder. Electrically stimulating limbic structures has been of great interest, and in particular, the region of the fornix. We conducted a systematic search for studies that reported clinical and preclinical outcomes of deep brain stimulation within the fornix up to July 2019. We identified 13 studies (7 clinical, 6 preclinical) that examined the effects of fornix stimulation in Alzheimer's disease (n = 9), traumatic brain injury (n = 2), Rett syndrome (n = 1), and temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 1). Overall, fornix stimulation can lead to decreased rates of cognitive decline (in humans), enhanced memory (in humans and animals), visuo-spatial memorization (in humans and animals), and improving verbal recollection (in humans). While the exact mechanisms of action are not completely understood, studies suggest fornix DBS to be involved with increased functional connectivity and neurotransmitter levels, as well as enhanced neuroplasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jackson Boonstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hescham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Benear SL, Ngo CT, Olson IR. Dissecting the Fornix in Basic Memory Processes and Neuropsychiatric Disease: A Review. Brain Connect 2020; 10:331-354. [PMID: 32567331 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The fornix is the primary axonal tract of the hippocampus, connecting it to modulatory subcortical structures. This review reveals that fornix damage causes cognitive deficits that closely mirror those resulting from hippocampal lesions. Methods: We reviewed the literature on the fornix, spanning non-human animal lesion research, clinical case studies of human patients with fornix damage, as well as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) work that evaluates fornix microstructure in vivo. Results: The fornix is essential for memory formation because it serves as the conduit for theta rhythms and acetylcholine, as well as providing mnemonic representations to deep brain structures that guide motivated behavior, such as when and where to eat. In rodents and non-human primates, fornix lesions lead to deficits in conditioning, reversal learning, and navigation. In humans, damage to the fornix manifests as anterograde amnesia. DWI research reveals that the fornix plays a key role in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease, and can potentially predict conversion from the former to the latter. Emerging DWI findings link perturbations in this structure to schizophrenia, mood disorders, and eating disorders. Cutting-edge research has investigated how deep brain stimulation of the fornix can potentially attenuate memory loss, control epileptic seizures, and even improve mood. Conclusions: The fornix is essential to a fully functioning memory system and is implicated in nearly all neurological functions that rely on the hippocampus. Future research needs to use optimized DWI methods to study the fornix in vivo, which we discuss, given the difficult nature of fornix reconstruction. Impact Statement The fornix is a white matter tract that connects the hippocampus to several subcortical brain regions and is pivotal for episodic memory functioning. Functionally, the fornix transmits essential neurotransmitters, as well as theta rhythms, to the hippocampus. In addition, it is the conduit by which memories guide decisions. The fornix is biomedically important because lesions to this tract result in irreversible anterograde amnesia. Research using in vivo imaging methods has linked fornix pathology to cognitive aging, mild cognitive impairment, psychosis, epilepsy, and, importantly, Alzheimer's Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Benear
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chi T Ngo
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vaidya AR, Pujara MS, Petrides M, Murray EA, Fellows LK. Lesion Studies in Contemporary Neuroscience. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:653-671. [PMID: 31279672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies of humans with focal brain damage and non-human animals with experimentally induced brain lesions have provided pivotal insights into the neural basis of behavior. As the repertoire of neural manipulation and recording techniques expands, the utility of studying permanent brain lesions bears re-examination. Studies on the effects of permanent lesions provide vital data about brain function that are distinct from those of reversible manipulations. Focusing on work carried out in humans and nonhuman primates, we address the inferential strengths and limitations of lesion studies, recent methodological developments, the integration of this approach with other methods, and the clinical and ecological relevance of this research. We argue that lesion studies are essential to the rigorous assessment of neuroscience theories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash R Vaidya
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Carney Institute for Brain Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Maia S Pujara
- Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Michael Petrides
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elisabeth A Murray
- Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lesley K Fellows
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rowland NC, Sammartino F, Tomaszczyk JC, Lozano AM. Deep Brain Stimulation of the Fornix: Engaging Therapeutic Circuits and Networks in Alzheimer Disease. Neurosurgery 2018; 63 Suppl 1:1-5. [PMID: 27399356 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Rowland
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Sammartino
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Tomaszczyk
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leplus A, Lauritzen I, Melon C, Kerkerian-Le Goff L, Fontaine D, Checler F. Chronic fornix deep brain stimulation in a transgenic Alzheimer's rat model reduces amyloid burden, inflammation, and neuronal loss. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:363-372. [PMID: 30341742 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a promising therapy in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Particularly, the stimulation of the forniceal area was found to slow down the cognitive decline of some AD patients, but the biochemical and anatomical modifications underlying these effects remain poorly understood. We evaluated the effects of chronic forniceal stimulation on amyloid burden, inflammation, and neuronal loss in a transgenic Alzheimer rat model TgF344-AD, as well as in age-matched control rats. 18-month-old rats were surgically implanted with electrodes in stereotactic conditions and connected to a portable microstimulator for chronic DBS in freely moving rats. The stimulation was continuous during 5 weeks and animals were immediately sacrificed for immunohistochemical analysis of pathological markers. Implanted, but non-stimulated rats were used as controls. We found that chronic forniceal DBS in the Tg-AD rat significantly reduces amyloid deposition in the hippocampus and cortex, decreases astrogliosis and microglial activation and lowers neuronal loss, as determined by NeuN staining. In control animals, the stimulation neither affects neuroinflammation nor neuronal count. In the Tg-F344-AD rat model, 5 weeks of forniceal DBS decreased amyloidosis, inflammatory responses, and neuronal loss in both cortex and hippocampus. These findings strongly suggest a neuroprotective effect of DBS and support the beneficial effects of targeting the fornix in Alzheimer's disease patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Leplus
- Departement of Neurosurgery, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France.
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS/UMR7275, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France.
| | - Inger Lauritzen
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS/UMR7275, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Christophe Melon
- Aix-Marseille University, IBDML, 13288, Marseille Cx 9, France
- CNRS, UMR 7288, IBDML, 13288, Marseille Cx 9, France
| | - Lydia Kerkerian-Le Goff
- Aix-Marseille University, IBDML, 13288, Marseille Cx 9, France
- CNRS, UMR 7288, IBDML, 13288, Marseille Cx 9, France
| | - Denys Fontaine
- Departement of Neurosurgery, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Frederic Checler
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS/UMR7275, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", 660 route des Lucioles, 06560, Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Brain stimulation techniques can modulate cognitive functions in many neuropsychiatric diseases. Pilot studies have shown promising effects of brain stimulations on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain stimulations can be categorized into non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and invasive brain stimulation (IBS). IBS includes deep brain stimulation (DBS), and invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), whereas NIBS includes transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), electroconvulsive treatment (ECT), magnetic seizure therapy (MST), cranial electrostimulation (CES), and non-invasive VNS. We reviewed the cutting-edge research on these brain stimulation techniques and discussed their therapeutic effects on AD. Both IBS and NIBS may have potential to be developed as novel treatments for AD; however, mixed findings may result from different study designs, patients selection, population, or samples sizes. Therefore, the efficacy of NIBS and IBS in AD remains uncertain, and needs to be further investigated. Moreover, more standardized study designs with larger sample sizes and longitudinal follow-up are warranted for establishing a structural guide for future studies and clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Talakoub O, Gomez Palacio Schjetnan A, Valiante TA, Popovic MR, Hoffman KL. Closed-Loop Interruption of Hippocampal Ripples through Fornix Stimulation in the Non-Human Primate. Brain Stimul 2016; 9:911-918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
13
|
Ross EK, Kim JP, Settell ML, Han SR, Blaha CD, Min HK, Lee KH. Fornix deep brain stimulation circuit effect is dependent on major excitatory transmission via the nucleus accumbens. Neuroimage 2016; 128:138-148. [PMID: 26780572 PMCID: PMC4764383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a circuit-based treatment shown to relieve symptoms from multiple neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders. In order to treat the memory deficit associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), several clinical trials have tested the efficacy of DBS near the fornix. Early results from these studies indicated that patients who received fornix DBS experienced an improvement in memory and quality of life, yet the mechanisms behind this effect remain controversial. It is known that transmission between the medial limbic and corticolimbic circuits plays an integral role in declarative memory, and dysfunction at the circuit level results in various forms of dementia, including AD. Here, we aimed to determine the potential underlying mechanism of fornix DBS by examining the functional circuitry and brain structures engaged by fornix DBS. METHODS A multimodal approach was employed to examine global and local temporal changes that occur in an anesthetized swine model of fornix DBS. Changes in global functional activity were measured by functional MRI (fMRI), and local neurochemical changes were monitored by fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) during electrical stimulation of the fornix. Additionally, intracranial microinfusions into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) were performed to investigate the global activity changes that occur with dopamine and glutamate receptor-specific antagonism. RESULTS Hemodynamic responses in both medial limbic and corticolimbic circuits measured by fMRI were induced by fornix DBS. Additionally, fornix DBS resulted in increases in dopamine oxidation current (corresponding to dopamine efflux) monitored by FSCV in the NAc. Finally, fornix DBS-evoked hemodynamic responses in the amygdala and hippocampus decreased following dopamine and glutamate receptor antagonism in the NAc. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that fornix DBS modulates dopamine release on presynaptic dopaminergic terminals in the NAc, involving excitatory glutamatergic input, and that the medial limbic and corticolimbic circuits interact in a functional loop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika K Ross
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Joo Pyung Kim
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Bundang CHA Hospital, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Megan L Settell
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Seong Rok Han
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Charles D Blaha
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The rationale for deep brain stimulation in Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 123:775-783. [PMID: 26443701 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a major worldwide health problem with no effective therapy. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a useful therapy for certain movement disorders and is increasingly being investigated for treatment of other neural circuit disorders. Here we review the rationale for investigating DBS as a therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Phase I clinical trials of DBS targeting memory circuits in Alzheimer's disease patients have shown promising results in clinical assessments of cognitive function, neurophysiological tests of cortical glucose metabolism, and neuroanatomical volumetric measurements showing reduced rates of atrophy. These findings have been supported by animal studies, where electrical stimulation of multiple nodes within the memory circuit have shown neuroplasticity through stimulation-enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis and improved performance in memory tasks. The precise mechanisms by which DBS may enhance memory and cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients and the degree of its clinical efficacy continue to be examined in ongoing clinical trials.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hodgetts CJ, Postans M, Shine JP, Jones DK, Lawrence AD, Graham KS. Dissociable roles of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and fornix in face and place perception. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26319355 PMCID: PMC4586481 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested a novel hypothesis, generated from representational accounts of medial temporal lobe (MTL) function, that the major white matter tracts converging on perirhinal cortex (PrC) and hippocampus (HC) would be differentially involved in face and scene perception, respectively. Diffusion tensor imaging was applied in healthy participants alongside an odd-one-out paradigm sensitive to PrC and HC lesions in animals and humans. Microstructure of inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF, connecting occipital and ventro-anterior temporal lobe, including PrC) and fornix (the main HC input/output pathway) correlated with accuracy on odd-one-out judgements involving faces and scenes, respectively. Similarly, blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in PrC and HC, elicited during oddity judgements, was correlated with face and scene oddity performance, respectively. We also observed associations between ILF and fornix microstructure and category-selective BOLD response in PrC and HC, respectively. These striking three-way associations highlight functionally dissociable, structurally instantiated MTL neurocognitive networks for complex face and scene perception. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07902.001 Perceiving an object or picture stimulates activity in the regions of the brain that make up the visual system. Some of these regions respond differently depending on what is being viewed: for example, some areas are more active when looking at faces, and others respond more when viewing places. One theory is that, rather than working in a self-contained fashion, category-sensitive brain regions are elements or ‘nodes’ within more complex brain networks that are specialised for processing different types of visual stimuli. The inside of the brain contains regions of dark and light tissue. The lighter regions are known as ‘white matter’ and contain fibres that allow information to travel between different parts of the brain. These fibers may play an important role in how widely distributed brain regions communicate. To investigate this, Hodgetts, Postans et al. used a technique called diffusion MRI to measure the structure, or coherence, of white matter fibers in healthy volunteers. Brain activity was also measured while volunteers completed a task in which they needed to spot the odd-one-out from images of either faces or places. Hodgetts, Postans et al. investigated the fine structure of a white matter fibre bundle known as the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). This fibre links two parts of the brain involved in face perception, called the occipital and anterior temporal lobes. Strikingly, ILF structure predicted both face-related brain activity in these regions and how well an individual could discriminate between faces, but not place stimuli. By contrast, the ability of volunteers to tell apart different places (but not faces) was related to the structure of the fornix. The fornix is a bundle of white matter fibres that carries information to and from the hippocampus, a region that is important for finding one's way around an environment and remembering such journeys afterwards. Hodgetts, Postans et al.'s findings suggest that the systems that process different visual categories are best thought of as large-scale distributed networks rather than a set of individual, specialised regions in the brain. In the future, research will be needed to further understand how white matter contributes to the perception of different visual categories, and to investigate in finer detail how visual experience influences the structure of white matter pathways. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07902.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Postans
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | | | - Derek K Jones
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | | | - Kim S Graham
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gondard E, Chau HN, Mann A, Tierney TS, Hamani C, Kalia SK, Lozano AM. Rapid Modulation of Protein Expression in the Rat Hippocampus Following Deep Brain Stimulation of the Fornix. Brain Stimul 2015; 8:1058-64. [PMID: 26321354 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The forniceal area is currently being evaluated as a target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) to improve cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The molecular changes at downstream targets within the stimulated circuit are unknown. OBJECTIVE To analyze the modulation of hippocampal protein expression following 1 h of fornix DBS in the rat. METHODS Animals underwent bilateral forniceal DBS for 1 h and sacrificed at different time-points after the initiation of the stimulation (1 h, 2.5 h, 5 h, 25 h). Bilateral hippocampi were isolated for western blot analyses. RESULTS Forniceal DBS led to a dramatic elevation of cFos post-stimulation, suggesting that forniceal DBS activates the hippocampus. There was also a significant increase in candidate proteins including several trophic factors, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) but not glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). There was in addition, increased expression of the synaptic markers growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43), synaptophysin and α-synuclein. No changes were observed at the studied time-points in Alzheimer's-related proteins including amyloid precursor protein (APP), tau, phosphorylated tau (ptau), or selected chaperone proteins (HSP40, HSP70 and CHIP). CONCLUSIONS Forniceal DBS triggers hippocampal activity and rapidly modulate the expression of neurotrophic factors and markers of synaptic plasticity known to play key roles in memory processing. The clinical effects of DBS of the fornix may, in part, be mediated by producing changes in the expression of these proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Gondard
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Krembil Discovery Tower, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Hien N Chau
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Krembil Discovery Tower, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Amandeep Mann
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Krembil Discovery Tower, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Travis S Tierney
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clement Hamani
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Krembil Discovery Tower, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Krembil Discovery Tower, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Raslau FD, Mark LP, Sabsevitz DS, Ulmer JL. Imaging of Functional and Dysfunctional Episodic Memory. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2015; 36:260-74. [PMID: 26233860 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A foundational framework for understanding functional and dysfunctional imaging of episodic memory emerges from the last 3 decades of human and animal research. This comprehensive review is presented from the vantage point of the fornix, a white matter bridge that occupies a central position in this functional network. Salient insights are identified, spanning topics such as hippocampal efferent and afferent networks, input and processing streams, hemispheric specialization, dysfunctional effects of pathologic and surgical injury, optimization of functional magnetic resonance imaging design and neuropsychological tests, and rehabilitation strategies. Far-reaching implications are considered for radiologists, whose clinical effect stretches beyond imaging and interfaces with neurosurgeons, neuropsychologists, and other neurospecialists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leighton P Mark
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - David S Sabsevitz
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - John L Ulmer
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Browning PGF, Chakraborty S, Mitchell AS. Evidence for Mediodorsal Thalamus and Prefrontal Cortex Interactions during Cognition in Macaques. Cereb Cortex 2015; 25:4519-34. [PMID: 25979086 PMCID: PMC4816796 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It is proposed that mediodorsal thalamus contributes to cognition via interactions with prefrontal cortex. However, there is relatively little evidence detailing the interactions between mediodorsal thalamus and prefrontal cortex linked to cognition in primates. This study investigated these interactions during learning, memory, and decision-making tasks in rhesus monkeys using a disconnection lesion approach. Preoperatively, monkeys learned object-in-place scene discriminations embedded within colorful visual backgrounds. Unilateral neurotoxic lesions to magnocellular mediodorsal thalamus (MDmc) impaired the ability to learn new object-in-place scene discriminations. In contrast, unilateral ablations to ventrolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex (PFv+o) left learning intact. A second unilateral MDmc or PFv+o lesion in the contralateral hemisphere to the first operation, causing functional MDmc–PFv+o disconnection across hemispheres, further impaired learning object-in-place scene discriminations, although object discrimination learning remained intact. Adaptive decision-making after reward satiety devaluation was also reduced. These data highlight the functional importance of interactions between MDmc and PFv+o during learning object-in-place scene discriminations and adaptive decision-making but not object discrimination learning. Moreover, learning deficits observed after unilateral removal of MDmc but not PFv+o provide direct behavioral evidence of the MDmc role influencing more widespread regions of the frontal lobes in cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip G F Browning
- Glickenhaus Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Friedman Brain Institute, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Subhojit Chakraborty
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2BP, UK
| | - Anna S Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Laxton AW, Stone S, Lozano AM. The Neurosurgical Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2014; 92:269-81. [DOI: 10.1159/000364914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Testing long-term memory in animal models of schizophrenia: Suggestions from CNTRICS. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2141-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
21
|
Barker GRI, Warburton EC. Object-in-place associative recognition memory depends on glutamate receptor neurotransmission within two defined hippocampal-cortical circuits: a critical role for AMPA and NMDA receptors in the hippocampus, perirhinal, and prefrontal cortices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:472-81. [PMID: 24035904 PMCID: PMC4380082 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Object-in-place associative recognition memory depends on an interaction between the hippocampus (HPC), perirhinal (PRH), and medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortices, yet the contribution of glutamate receptor neurotransmission to these interactions is unknown. NMDA receptors (NMDAR) in the HPC were critical for encoding of object-in-place memory but not for single-item object recognition. Next, a disconnection procedure was used to examine the importance of “concurrent” glutamate neurotransmission in the HPC-mPFC and HPC-PRH. Contralateral unilateral infusions of NBQX (AMPAR antagonist), into the HPC-mPFC, or HPC-PRH, either before acquisition or test, impaired object-in-place performance. Thus, both circuits are necessary for encoding and retrieval. Crossed unilateral AP5 (NMDAR antagonist) infusions into the HPC-mPFC or HPC-PRH impaired encoding, but not retrieval. Specifically crossed HPC-mPFC infusions impaired both short-term (5 min) and longer term (1 h) memory while HPC-PRH infusions impaired longer term memory only. This delay-dependent effect of AP5 in the HPC-PRH on object-in-place memory, accords with its effects in the PRH, on single item object recognition memory, thereby suggesting that a single PRH synaptic plasticity mechanism underpins different recognition memory processes. Further, blocking excitatory neurotransmission in any pair of structures within the networks impaired “both” encoding and retrieval, thus object-in-place memory clearly requires network interdependency across multiple structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Robert Issac Barker
- MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Elizabeth Clea Warburton
- MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Warburton EC, Barker GRI, Brown MW. Investigations into the involvement of NMDA mechanisms in recognition memory. Neuropharmacology 2013; 74:41-7. [PMID: 23665343 PMCID: PMC3895175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This review will focus on evidence showing that NMDA receptor neurotransmission is critical for synaptic plasticity processes within brain regions known to be necessary for the formation of object recognition memories. The aim will be to provide evidence concerning NMDA mechanisms related to recognition memory processes and show that recognition memory for objects, places or associations between objects and places depends on NMDA neurotransmission within the perirhinal cortex, temporal association cortex medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Administration of the NMDA antagonist AP5, selectively into each of these brain regions has revealed that the extent of the involvement NMDA receptors appears dependent on the type of information required to solve the recognition memory task; thus NMDA receptors in the perirhinal cortex are crucial for the encoding of long-term recognition memory for objects, and object-in-place associations, but not for short-term recognition memory or for retrieval. In contrast the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex are required for both long-term and short-term recognition memory for places or associations between objects and places, or for recognition memory tasks that have a temporal component. Such studies have therefore confirmed that the multiple brain regions make distinct contributions to recognition memory but in addition that more than one synaptic plasticity process must be involved. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled ‘Glutamate Receptor-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity’. NMDAR blockade in PRH, mPFC and HPC produces different patterns of memory deficits. NMDARs within these brain regions make distinct contributions to recognition memory. NMDARs are also critical for synaptic plasticity in the same brain regions. More than one synaptic plasticity process must be involved in recognition memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Clea Warburton
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Synapric Plasticity, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lyketsos CG, Targum SD, Pendergrass JC, Lozano AM. Deep brain stimulation: a novel strategy for treating Alzheimer's disease. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2012; 9:10-17. [PMID: 23346514 PMCID: PMC3552463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified an association between memory deficits and defects of the integrated neuronal cortical areas known collectively as the default mode network. It is conceivable that the amyloid deposition or other molecular abnormalities seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease may interfere with this network and disrupt neuronal circuits beyond the localized brain areas. Therefore, Alzheimer's disease may be both a degenerative disease and a broader system-level disorder affecting integrated neuronal pathways involved in memory. In this paper, we describe the rationale and provide some evidence to support the study of deep brain stimulation of the hippocampal fornix as a novel treatment to improve neuronal circuitry within these integrated networks and thereby sustain memory function in early Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantine G Lyketsos
- Constantine G. Lyketsos, MD, MHS, is Elizabeth Plank Althouse Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University and Chair of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center; Steven D. Targum, MD, is Scientific Director at Clintara LLC, Chief Medical Officer at Methylation Sciences Inc., BrainCells Inc., and Functional Neuromodulation Inc., Chief Medical Advisor at Prana Biotechnology Ltd., and a consultant in psychiatry at the Massachusetts General Hospital; Jo Cara Pendergrass, PhD is Vice President of Clinical Operations at Clintara LLC; Andres M. Lozano MD, PhD, FRCSC, FRSC, is Dan Family Professor and Chairman of Neurosurgery at the University of Toronto and RR Tasker Chair in Functional Neurosurgery (Toronto Western Hospital), and Canada Research Chair in Neuroscience
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Laxton AW, Tang-Wai DF, McAndrews MP, Zumsteg D, Wennberg R, Keren R, Wherrett J, Naglie G, Hamani C, Smith GS, Lozano AM. A phase I trial of deep brain stimulation of memory circuits in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2010; 68:521-34. [PMID: 20687206 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian W Laxton
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Eacott MJ, Easton A. Episodic memory in animals: Remembering which occasion. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:2273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
26
|
Warburton EC, Brown MW. Findings from animals concerning when interactions between perirhinal cortex, hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex are necessary for recognition memory. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:2262-72. [PMID: 20026141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Loss of recognition memory is a prominent feature of the human classical amnesic syndrome. Recognition memory requires judgments concerning prior occurrence. Such judgments can be made in a variety of ways using different types of information such as the relative familiarity of individual objects or locations, or the location of a previously encountered object, or when an object was previously encountered. We review findings of selective ablation studies which demonstrate that the perirhinal cortex, hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex are differently involved in recognition memory processes involving these different types of information. This review also presents data from a series of disconnection analyses, which test whether the perirhinal cortex, hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex form components of an integrated system for these recognition memory processes. These analyses reveal that it is necessary for the perirhinal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus to interact, forming an integrated network, in recognition memory involving judgment of whether an object has been previously encountered in a particular place (object-in-place recognition memory) and in judging which of two objects was encountered longer ago (temporal order memory). In contrast, such interactions are not necessary when judgments are made concerning the prior occurrence of an individual item without positional information being necessary for the judgment (object memory) or concerning the prior occurrence of some item at a particular location without object information being necessary for the judgment (location memory).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Clea Warburton
- MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Department of Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Easton A, Eacott MJ. Recollection of episodic memory within the medial temporal lobe: behavioural dissociations from other types of memory. Behav Brain Res 2009; 215:310-7. [PMID: 19850082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there has been significant debate about whether there is a single medial temporal lobe memory system or dissociable systems for episodic and other types of declarative memory. In addition there has been a similar debate over the dissociability of recollection and familiarity based processes in recognition memory. Here we present evidence from recent work using episodic memory tasks in animals that allows us to explore these issues in more depth. We review studies that demonstrate triple dissociations within the medial temporal lobe, with only the hippocampal system being necessary for episodic memory. Similarly we review behavioural evidence for a dissociation in a task of episodic memory in rats where animals with lesions of the fornix are only impaired at recollection of the episodic memory, not recognition within the same trial. This work, then, supports recent models of dissociable neural systems within the medial temporal lobe but also raises questions for future investigation about the interactions of these medial temporal lobe memory systems with other structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Easton
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Science Site, Durham, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Barker GR, Warburton EC. Critical role of the cholinergic system for object-in-place associative recognition memory. Learn Mem 2009; 16:8-11. [PMID: 19117911 PMCID: PMC2632853 DOI: 10.1101/lm.1121309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Object-in-place memory, which relies on the formation of associations between an object and the place in which it was encountered, depends upon a neural circuit comprising the perirhinal (PRH) and medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortices. This study examined the contribution of muscarinic cholinergic neurotransmission within this circuit to such object-in-place associative memory. Intracerebral administration of scopolamine in the PRH or mPFC impaired memory acquisition, but not retrieval and importantly we showed that unilateral blockade of muscarinic receptors simultaneously in both regions in opposite hemispheres, significantly impaired performance. Thus, object-in-place associative memory depends upon cholinergic modulation of neurones within the PRH-PFC circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth C. Warburton
- MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, Department of Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|