1
|
Hung CY, Chang CW, Chen CJ, Chang CW, Cheng HY, Chen MJ. Sonographic Measurement of Visceral Fat and Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome in the Elderly. INT J GERONTOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
2
|
Tanaka NI, Murakami H, Ohmori Y, Aiba N, Morita A, Watanabe S, Miyachi M. Association of visceral fat area with abdominal skeletal muscle distribution in overweight Japanese adults. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018; 12:378-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
3
|
Mitra S, Fernandez-Del-Valle M, Hill JE. The role of MRI in understanding the underlying mechanisms in obesity associated diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1115-1131. [PMID: 27639834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its possible association with diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases have been studied for decades for its impact on healthcare. Recent studies clearly indicate the need for developing accurate and reproducible methodologies for assessing body fat content and distribution. Body fat distribution plays a significant role in developing an insight in the underlying mechanisms in which adipose tissue is linked with various diseases. Among imaging technologies including computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), MRI and MRS seem to be the best emerging techniques and together are being considered as the gold standard for body fat content and distribution. This paper reviews studies up to the present time involving different methodologies of these two emerging technologies and presents the basic concepts of MRI and MRS with required novel image analysis techniques in accurate, quantitative, and direct assessment of body fat content and distribution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason E Hill
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang D, Shi L, Chu WCW, Hu M, Tomlinson B, Huang WH, Wang T, Heng PA, Yeung DKW, Ahuja AT. Fully automatic and nonparametric quantification of adipose tissue in fat-water separation MR imaging. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015; 53:1247-54. [PMID: 26245254 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing demand and research efforts, currently there is no consensus on the protocol for automated and reliable quantification of adipose tissue (AT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) using MRI. The purpose of this study was to propose a novel computational method with enhanced objectiveness for the quantification of AT and VAT in fat-water separation MRI. 3T data from IDEAL were acquired for the fat-water separation. Fat tissues were separated from nonfat regions (background air, bone, water, and other nonfat tissues) using K-means clustering (K = 2). From the binary fat mask, arm regions were separated from body based on the relative size of connected component. AT was obtained from the binary body fat mask. With the initial contour as the outer boundary of body fat, the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and VAT were separated using deformable model driven by a specifically generated deformation field pointing to the inner boundary of SAT. The proposed method was tested on 16 patients with dyslipidemia and evaluated by comparing the correlation with semi-automatic segmentation results. Good robustness was also observed in the proposed method from the Bland-Altman plots. Compared to other established fat segmentation methods, the proposed method is highly objective for fat-water separation MRI with minimal variability induced by subjective parameter settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Medical Image Computing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Winnie C W Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Miao Hu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hua Huang
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianfu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Pheng Ann Heng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - David K W Yeung
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Anil T Ahuja
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rao G, Powell-Wiley TM, Ancheta I, Hairston K, Kirley K, Lear SA, North KE, Palaniappan L, Rosal MC. Identification of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk in Ethnically and Racially Diverse Populations: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015; 132:457-72. [PMID: 26149446 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Cornier MA, Després JP, Davis N, Grossniklaus DA, Klein S, Lamarche B, Lopez-Jimenez F, Rao G, St-Onge MP, Towfighi A, Poirier P. Assessing Adiposity. Circulation 2011; 124:1996-2019. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e318233bc6a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
7
|
Weight-loss diet alone or combined with resistance training induces different regional visceral fat changes in obese women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 35:700-13. [PMID: 20820174 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of abdominal fat and its regional distribution has become increasingly important in assessing the cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of 16 weeks of a hypocaloric diet with a caloric restriction of 500 Kcal per day (WL) or the same dietary intervention plus resistance training (WL+RT) on regional variation of abdominal visceral (visceral adipose tissue (VAT)) and subcutaneous (subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)) fat loss. Second, to identify the single-image that best represents total magnetic resonance imaging measurements of total VAT and SAT volume before and after WL or WL+RT intervention. DESIGN A total of 34 obese (body mass index: 30-40 kg m(-2)) women, aged 40-60 years, were randomized to three groups: a control group (C; n = 9), a diet group (WL; n = 12) and a diet plus resistance training group (WL+RT; n = 13) with the same caloric restriction as group WL and a 16-week supervised whole-body RT of two sessions per week. RESULTS WL+RT programs lead to significant changes in the location of highest mean VAT area from L3-L4 to L2-L3 discal level from pre- to post- intervention, whereas after WL the greatest relative VAT losses were located at L5-S1. Similar decreases in the SAT areas at all discal levels were observed after WL and WL+RT. CONCLUSION Different weight loss regimes may lead to different distribution of VAT. Sites located significantly above (cranial to) L4-L5 (that is, ∼ 5-6 cm above L4-L5 or at L2-L3 discal level) provided superior prediction of total abdominal VAT volume, whereas more caudal slices provide better prediction of subcutaneous fat, not only before but also after either WL or WL+RT.
Collapse
|
8
|
Banerjee AK. MRI quantification of obesity. Clin Radiol 2009; 64:845-7. [PMID: 19589425 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Cutoff values for central obesity in Chinese based on mesenteric fat thickness. Clin Nutr 2009; 28:679-83. [PMID: 19560238 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sonographic measurement of mesenteric fat thickness (MFT) is a novel, accurate and simple tool to evaluate regional distribution of obesity. We used MFT to determine the optimal waist circumference (WC) values and associated risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS 282 healthy Chinese (age 41.8+/-7.4 years, BMI 23.8+/-3.3 kg/m(2)) was assessed. High MFT was defined as mean+1 SD of the cohort. We compared the CVD risks including fatty liver amongst subjects with normal waist, central pre-obesity and central obesity. RESULTS WC of 84.6 cm in men and 75.7 cm in women were the optimal cutoff values to predict high MFT with ROC analysis. Using WC cutoff values > or =85-90 cm and > or =90 cm to define central pre-obesity and obesity in men (> or =75-80 cm and > or =80 cm in women), both central obesity and pre-obesity had higher MFT and CVD risk than those with normal waist. The frequencies of fatty liver in these 3 categories were 15.9%, 56.7% and 96.7% in men and 6.9%. 17.9% and 63.2% in women (p<0.001 for trend). CONCLUSION In addition to central obesity, "central pre-obesity" identifies subjects who harbor high CVD risks, fatty liver and excess visceral fat.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gasteyger C, Larsen TM, Vercruysse F, Pedersen D, Toubro S, Astrup A. Visceral fat loss induced by a low-calorie diet: a direct comparison between women and men. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009; 11:596-602. [PMID: 19383030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.01025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM No studies have assessed if changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) during weight loss differ between women and men with comparable amounts of VAT at baseline. The aim of this study was to assess if changes in VAT induced by a low-calorie diet (LCD) differ between women and men. METHODS In this post hoc analysis of an existing database, abdominal adipose tissue was evaluated before and after an 8-week LCD (800-1000 kcal/day) by a single-slice magnetic resonance scan performed at the abdominal level. Body composition was measured by dual X-ray energy absorptiometry. RESULTS Data from 111 obese subjects (85 women and 26 men) were available. Relative changes in VAT were found to be more pronounced in men [mean (95% CI): -32.6% (-38.7 to -26.6)] than in women [-21.9% (-25.0 to -18.8)] (p = 0.003) after correction for relative changes in fat mass (FM). When analysing only the data from a subgroup of 23 women and 23 men who were matched for similar visceral to abdominal subcutaneous fat ratio at baseline, these differences could not be observed anymore: the change in VAT was -33.7% (-38.7 to -28.7) in men and -26.8% (-31.8 to -21.8) in women (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that relative changes in VAT during a LCD may be greater in men than in women even after taking relative changes in FM into account. However, these differences disappear when properly matching the subjects for baseline amounts of VAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gasteyger
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schlett CL, Massaro JM, Lehman SJ, Bamberg F, O'Donnell CJ, Fox CS, Hoffmann U. Novel measurements of periaortic adipose tissue in comparison to anthropometric measures of obesity, and abdominal adipose tissue. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009; 33:226-32. [PMID: 19139753 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2008.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perivascular adipose tissue may be associated with the amount of local atherosclerosis. We developed a novel and reproducible method to standardize volumetric quantification of periaortic adipose tissue by computed tomography (CT) and determined the association with anthropometric measures of obesity, and abdominal adipose tissue. METHODS Measurements of adipose tissue were performed in a random subset of participants from the Framingham Heart Study (n=100) who underwent multidetector CT of the thorax (ECG triggering, 2.5 mm slice thickness) and the abdomen (helical CT acquisition, 2.5 mm slice thickness). Abdominal periaortic adipose tissue (AAT) was defined by a 5 mm cylindrical region of interest around the aortic wall; thoracic periaortic adipose tissue (TAT) was defined by anatomic landmarks. TAT and AAT were defined as any voxel between -195 and -45 HU and volumes were measured using dedicated semiautomatic software. Measurement reproducibility and association with anthropometric measures of obesity, and abdominal adipose tissue were determined. RESULTS The intra- and inter-observer reproducibility for both AAT and TAT was excellent (ICC: 0.97 and 0.97; 0.99 and 0.98, respectively). Similarly, the relative intra- and inter-observer difference was small for both AAT (-1.85+/-1.28% and 7.85+/-6.08%; respectively) and TAT (3.56+/-0.83% and -4.56+/-0.85%, respectively). Both AAT and TAT were highly correlated with visceral abdominal fat (r=0.65 and 0.77, P<0.0001 for both) and moderately correlated with subcutaneous abdominal fat (r=0.39 and 0.42, P<0.0001 and P=0.009), waist circumference (r=0.49 and 0.57, P<0.0001 for both) and body mass index (r=0.47 and 0.58, P<0.0001 for both). CONCLUSION Standardized semiautomatic CT-based volumetric quantification of periaortic adipose tissue is feasible and highly reproducible. Further investigation is warranted regarding associations of periaortic adipose tissue with other body fat deposits, cardiovascular risk factors and clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Schlett
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lautamäki R, Rönnemaa T, Huupponen R, Lehtimäki T, Iozzo P, Airaksinen KEJ, Knuuti J, Nuutila P. Low serum adiponectin is associated with high circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Metabolism 2007; 56:881-6. [PMID: 17570246 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Decrease in adiponectin level, a common feature in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, is considered to predict cardiovascular events. Elevated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), formed within the arterial wall, is commonly seen as part of the atherogenic profile. We investigated the association of adiponectin and oxLDL in 58 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and ischemic coronary artery disease. In addition to adiponectin, the serum lipid profile (including oxLDL), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and whole-body glucose uptake determined by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp were evaluated. The average adiponectin level was 7.1 +/- 3.5 microg/mL and was higher in female than in male patients (P = .011). Adiponectin level correlated with whole-body glucose uptake (P = .037) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration (P = .007) and was inversely associated with oxLDL (P = .005), triglycerides (P = .010), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (P = .004). No association was found between adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or LDL cholesterol levels. In multiple linear regression analysis, adiponectin contributed to oxLDL concentration, whereas total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides did not. In conclusion, our results suggest that low adiponectin concentration indicates increased oxidative state in the arterial wall, which further supports previous data on the role of adipose tissue in atherogenesis.
Collapse
|