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Klećkowska-Nawrot J, Goździewska-Harłajczuk K, Kupczyńska M, Kaleta-Kuratewicz K, Kuropka P, Barszcz K. Anatomical, Histological and Histochemical Observations of the Eyelids and Orbital Glands in the Lowland Tapir ( Tapirus terrestris Linnaeus, 1785) (Perissodactyla: Ceratomorpha). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2081. [PMID: 37443879 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lowland tapir is one of four species belonging to the Tapiridae family of the Ceratomorpha suborder, similar to Rhinocerotidae. This study describes anatomy with morphometry, histology (hematoxylin and eosin, Masson-Goldner trichrome, Movat pentachrome, mucicarmine, picro-Mallory trichrome) and histochemistry (PAS, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 2.5; AB pH2.5/PAS and HDI) of the upper and lower eyelids, and superficial gland of the third eyelid with the third eyelid, deep gland of the third eyelid, and lacrimal gland. The aim of the work is to show the features of the above-mentioned structures typical only for Tapiridae, as well as to show the presence of similarities and differences between the families forming the order Perissodactyla. The eyelashes on the upper eyelid were long, while those of the lower eyelid were short and much less prominent. In the upper and lower eyelid sebaceous glands, a characteristic simple alveolar gland producing a mucus-like secretion and poorly developed tarsal glands were observed. The marginal zone of the posterior surface of the eyelids was covered by stratified columnar epithelium with 18-21 layers of nucleated cells, while the bulbar zone of these surfaces was covered by cubic multilayer epithelium with 6-11 non-keratinized layers of cells and with sparse goblet cells. In only lower eyelids, numerous lymphoid nodules, diffuse lymphocytes and high endothelial venules were observed. The superficial gland was an acinar complex which secreted mucous and contained plasma cells within the interlobular and interlobular connective tissue. The upper and lower branches of the third eyelid were the shape of a bent "caudal fin" and were composed of hyaline cartilage, and they contained conjunctiva associated lymphoid tissue (CALT). The deep gland was also an acinar complex producing a serous character and having numerous diffuse lymphocytes. The lacrimal gland was an acinar complex producing seromucous secretions and had numerous plasma cells located in the glandular interstitium. The results of our research indicate that the features of the anatomy of the eyelids and orbital region in the lowland tapir are also typical of the family Tapiridae, but also have features common to the families Equidae and Rhinocerotidae. We confirm the presence of poorly developed tarsal glands in both eyelids as well as presence of a palpebral part of the lacrimal gland in the upper eyelid, which is typical only to Tapirus terrestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot
- Division of Animal Anatomy, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk
- Division of Animal Anatomy, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kupczyńska
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaleta-Kuratewicz
- Division of Animal Histology, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Division of Animal Histology, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Barszcz
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Cotuțiu VD, Ionică AM, Lefkaditis M, Cazan CD, Hașaș AD, Mihalca AD. Thelazia lacrymalis in horses from Romania: epidemiology, morphology and phylogenetic analysis. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:425. [DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Equine thelaziosis is a neglected vector-borne parasitic disease in modern veterinary medicine, lacking recent reports. It is transmitted by Musca autumnalis, and potentially other Muscidae species, by ingesting the lachrymal secretions of its equine host. The distribution of both Thelazia lacrymalis and its intermediate hosts remains largely unknown throughout Europe, with most studies dating back 20 years. The aim of this study was to assess the presence, prevalence and distribution of T. lacrymalis in horses from Romania.
Methods
The eyes of 273 horses, slaughtered at two abattoirs from the Northwestern and Western regions of Romania, were examined for the presence of T. lacrymalis between March and November 2021. Upon detection, the nematodes were collected and morphologically identified using the keys from literature. Following identification, one specimen from each animal was selected for molecular analysis while the rest underwent detailed morphometric measurements. Mapping and distribution, according to ecoregions, was done using the QGis 3.20 software, while sequences obtained were compared to those available in GenBank through BLAST analysis using the MEGA X software.
Results
Of the 273 animals sampled, 12 (4.39%) were positive for Thelazia spp. infection. Eighty-seven nematodes were recovered, all morphologically identified as T. lacrymalis. The intensity of infestation varied between one and 33 nematodes/animal while five animals presented a bilateral infestation and seven a unilateral one. The highest prevalence was encountered in Pannonian ecoregion (12.12%) while the lowest was in the Alpine ecoregion (0%). Seventy-five intact specimens underwent detailed morphometric analysis, of the 18–20 parameters, resulting in notable differences in striation lengths compared to the data available in other reports. BLAST analysis identified a 96.46–98.60% similarity to the only other COI gene sequence available for T. lacrymalis.
Conclusions
The current study represents the first report of T. lacrymalis in horses in Romania. The low prevalence rates are probably linked to the wide use of macrocyclic lactones.
Graphic Abstract
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Abdelbaset-Ismail A, Aref M, Ezzeldein S, Eisa E, Gugjoo MB, Abdelaal A, Emam H, Al Syaad K, Ahmed AE, Alshati A, Abd El Raouf M. Ultrasound, Dacryocystorhinography and Morphological Examination of Normal Eye and Lacrimal Apparatus of the Donkey (Equus asinus). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020132. [PMID: 35049756 PMCID: PMC8772537 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated normal macromorphological and ultrasonographic features of the eye and lacrimal gland, as well as normal dacryocystorhinography of the donkey (Equus asinus) in Egypt. A total of 36 donkeys of different ages, weights, and sexes were included in the study: 21 live animals for ultrasonography and dacryocystorhinography, and 15 cadaver skulls for morphological anatomy of the lacrimal apparatus. The ultrasound biometric values of the eye were 33.7 ± 1.7 mm for axial globe length (AGL), 39.8 ± 2.1 mm for globe diameter (GD), 10.8 ± 0.7 mm for lens thickness (LT), 3.2 ± 0.7 mm for anterior chamber depth (ACD), and 19.3 ± 1.6 mm for vitreous chamber depth (VCD). The lacrimal gland was recognized as a hypoechogenic structure with an anechoic core, located at the dorsolateral aspect of the orbit, and ovoid in shape. The mean NLD length was 193.0 ± 9.8 mm by radiography and 206.0 ± 20.4 mm by gross assessment. One NL orifice (NLO) was noticed on each side, with a diameter of 3.0 ± 0.1 mm and located 12.1 ± 2.1 mm from the dorsal commissure of the nostril. These results may act as the baseline for proper management of conditions of the eye and lacrimal apparatus in the donkey in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelbaset-Ismail
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.A.-I.); (S.E.); (E.E.)
| | - Mohamed Aref
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.A.); (H.E.)
| | - Shimaa Ezzeldein
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.A.-I.); (S.E.); (E.E.)
| | - Eslam Eisa
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.A.-I.); (S.E.); (E.E.)
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India;
| | - Ahmed Abdelaal
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Hassan Emam
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.A.); (H.E.)
| | - Khalid Al Syaad
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Director of the Research Center, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.A.); (A.A.)
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Ali Alshati
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mustafa Abd El Raouf
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.A.-I.); (S.E.); (E.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-01141-151863
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The Impact of Surgical Excision of the Orbital Lacrimal Gland on the Aqueous Tear Production and Ocular Surface Health in Donkeys (Equus asinus). J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 97:103344. [PMID: 33478769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The exact contribution of the orbital lacrimal gland (OLG) is unknown and is still a subject of debate and inconsistency in literature. Currently, there are no detailed studies addressing the influence of the OLG removal on tear production in equines. This study aimed to address the influence of surgical excision of the OLG on aqueous tear production and ocular surface health in donkeys. The study was conducted on six clinically healthy donkeys with no ophthalmic abnormalities. In each donkey, the OLG of the left eye was surgically excised, whereas the right eye was served as a control. External ophthalmic examination, Schirmer tear test (STT) I and II, tear pH, fluorescein staining test were conducted on both eyes, preoperatively and at one-week intervals for 60 days, postoperatively. There were significant decreases in STT I and II values (P = .0001 and .0001, respectively), whereas tear pH values showed a significant increase (P = .0001) in the operated eyes compared with the control ones. There were no overt clinical signs characteristics of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in the operated eyes. However, there was evidence of microinjury of the keratoconjunctival epithelium evidenced by positive fluorescein uptake, postoperatively. Surgical excision of the OLG significantly diminished the aqueous tear production and threatened the corneal epithelium as a result of corneal dehydration. On the contrary to the recommendations of other studies, eyes subjected to this procedure should receive treatment of dry eye to prevent development of KCS, postoperatively.
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Abstract
This article reviews the literature for studies describing advanced imaging of the equine eye as a reference for practitioners to help in the selection of image modalities, describe how to use the instruments, and help interpret the image findings. Indications for, technique of, and image interpretation of advanced image modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography, MRI, optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy, and angiography are reviewed. The article is organized anatomically, not by instrument, so that the reader will be able to quickly research ways to image specific disease entities or anatomic locations that are affecting their equine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Gilger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, NC State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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Racine J, Borer-Germann SE, Navas de Solis C, Stoffel MH, Klopfenstein M, Klopfenstein Bregger MD. Treatment and ophthalmic sequelae in a horse with facial cellulitis and orbital abscess. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Racine
- Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine; Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Bern and Agroscope Avenche; Switcherland
| | | | - C. Navas de Solis
- Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine; Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Bern and Agroscope Avenche; Switcherland
| | - M. H. Stoffel
- Veterinary Anatomy; Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Bern; Switzerland
| | - M. Klopfenstein
- Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine; Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Bern and Agroscope Avenche; Switcherland
| | - M. D. Klopfenstein Bregger
- Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine; Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Bern and Agroscope Avenche; Switcherland
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